‘write’
| Argument frame: | X (write) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. wrote a letter . |
| Predicate label Ru: | писать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (писать) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. написал письмо . |
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| zarema | pismo | l-ʕʷə-d |
| pn | letter | 3 sg . f . erg -write( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Zarema wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | k’eǯ | lik’.i-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | letter | write. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| xa | yala | ctəv-lə | xa | ctava | ka | +xavr-u |
| one | boy( m ) | write. pst - ls .3 m | one | book( m ) | to | friend( m )- p .3 m |
| ‘The boy wrote a letter.’ | ||||||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | ||||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | pazur | paza |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | paper | write( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend wrote a letter’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | katav | miχtav |
| pn | write[ pst .3 sg . m ] | letter |
| ‘Pinchas wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | bičxə-wə | niru-xə-ni |
| pn | письмо- obl | писать- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя написал письмо.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | skrev | et | brev |
| pn | write. pst | indf . n . sg | letter |
| ‘Per wrote a letter.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | napisa-l | pisʹm-o |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | write( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | letter( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | pisʲmo | k-ixi-r=a |
| pn - erg | letter( nom ) | pv -4.write. pfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | ǩeeʹrjt-i | ǩeeʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | write- pst .3 sg | letter. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | je | napisa-l-a | pism-o |
| pn - nom . sg | aux .3 sg | write: pfv - lpt - f . sg | letter- acc . sg |
| ‘Ana wrote a letter.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | skrev | ett | brev. |
| ‘Björn wrote a letter.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | mektup | yaz-dı |
| pn | letter | write- pst |
| ‘Mehmet wrote a letter.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | bitxə-wə | ńur-xə-ni |
| father | letter- acc | write- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Отец написал письмо’. | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di | qχʷar.i-j | kaʁar |
| pn - erg | write. pst - pf | letter[ inan 1][ nom ] |
| ‘Patimat has written a letter.’ | ||