‘win’
Argument frame: | X (beat) Y |
Stimulus sentence: | (P. and M. played chess.) P. beat M . |
Predicate label Ru: | выиграть |
Argument frame Ru: | X (выигрывать) у Y -а |
Stimulus sentence Ru: | (П. играл с М. в шахматы). П. выиграл у М . |
Abaza ajʕaj
Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
X: ABS |
Y: IO |
Locus: Y |
bará | sará | b-s-ajʕáj-ṭ |
you. f | i | 2 sg . f . abs -1 sg . io -win( aor )- dcl |
‘You beat me.’ |
Aghul wartː ʁuš.u-
Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
X: ERG |
Y: SUPER |
Locus: Y |
aslan.a | wartː | ʁuš.u-ne | meʜemed.i-l |
pn ( erg ) | top | take. pf - aor | pn - super |
‘Aslan beat Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +karəm
Valency pattern: SBJ_ka |
X: SBJ |
Y: ka |
Locus: Y |
brata | +krəm-la | ka | axun-o |
girl( f ) | win. pst - ls .3 f | to | brother( m )- p .3 f |
‘The girl beat her brother.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese vencer
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | venc-eu | Miguel |
pn ( m ) | win-3 sg . pst | pn ( m ) |
‘Pedro won over Miguel.’ |
Catalan apallissar
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en | Pere | va | apalliss-ar | en | Marc |
def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | win- inf | def . sg . m | pn ( m ) |
‘Pere beat Marc.’ |
Czech vyhrát
Valency pattern: NOM_nadINS |
X: NOM |
Y: nadINS |
Locus: Y |
Petr | vyhrá-l | nad | Michal-em |
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | above | pn ( m )- ins . sg |
‘Petr beat Michal.’ |
Danish slå
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter | slog | Marie |
pn | beat. pst | pn |
‘Peter beat Marie.’ |
Dutch winnen
Valency pattern: SBJ_van |
X: SBJ |
Y: van |
Locus: Y |
Piet | won | van | Marie |
pn (С) | win. pst | from | pn (С) |
‘Piet beat Marie.’ |
Estonian võitma
Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter | võit-is | Mareti-t |
pn . sg . nom | win- pst .3 sg | pn - sg . part |
‘Peeter beat Maret.’ |
Finnish voittaa
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka | voitt-i | Mati-n |
pn . nom | win- pst .3 sg | pn - gen |
‘Pekka beat Matti’ |
Forest Enets mɔtes
Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
modʲi | kasa-jʔ | karti-xin | sanku-ʃ | genka-xaz | kɔrtuz | mɔteʔɛ |
i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | cards- loc . pl | play( ipfv )- cvb | pn - abl | harness. obl | win( pfv ).3 sg . s |
‘Playing cards my friend won harness from Genka’. |
German gewinnen
Valency pattern: NOM_gegenACC |
X: NOM |
Y: gegenACC |
Locus: Y |
Karl | hat | gegen | Marie | gewonnen |
pn [ nom . sg ] | have. prs .3 sg | against | pn [ acc . sg ] | win. ptcp 2 |
‘Karl beat Marie.’ |
Italian vincere
Valency pattern: SBJ_con |
X: SBJ |
Y: con |
Locus: Y |
Leo | ha | vinto | con | Maria |
pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | win. pst . ptcp | with | pn ( f ) |
‘Leo won over Maria.’ |
Kazakh ut-ïp al
Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petya | Maša-dan | ut-ïp | al-dï |
pn | pn - abl | win- cvb | take- pst 1.3 sg |
‘Petya beat Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty nŏχ pitti
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en | waśa-j-ǝλ | šaχmat-ǝn | nŏχ | pit-s-ǝλλe |
pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .3 sg | chess- loc | upward | fall- pst -3 sg . so |
‘Petja won over Vasja at chess.’ |
Latin evinco
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
spume-us | amn-is | exi-it | opposit-as-que | evic-it | gurgit-e | mol-es |
foaming- nom . sg . m | river( m )- nom . sg | go_out[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | oppose. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . pl . f -and | overwhelm[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | flow( m )- abl . sg | dyke( f )- acc . pl |
‘A foaming river exits its banks and with its flow overwhelms opposing dykes.’ | ||||||
Note: (Verg. Aen. II, 497) |
Modern Hebrew nitsaχ
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas | nitsaχ | et | Menaχem |
pn | beat[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | pn |
‘Pinchas beat Menachem.’ |
Nanai xətə-
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia | Maša-wa | xətə-xə-ni |
pn | pn - obl | win- pst - p .3 sg |
‘Petia beat Masha.’ |
Nivkh kʰəd
Valency pattern: SBJ_COMP |
X: SBJ |
Y: COMP |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik | Ajsana-ak | kʰə-d |
pn | pn - comp | be_skillful- ind |
‘Kaskazik beat Ajsana.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål å vinne
Valency pattern: SBJ_over |
X: SBJ |
Y: over |
Locus: Y |
Per | vant | over | Ola |
pn | win. pst | over | pn |
‘Per beat Ola.’ |
Polish wygrać
Valency pattern: NOM_zINS |
X: NOM |
Y: zINS |
Locus: Y |
Paweł | wygra-ł | z | Lech-em |
pn [ nom . sg ] | win: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | with | pn - ins . sg |
‘Paweł beat Lech.’ |
Russian vyigratʹ
Valency pattern: NOM_uGEN |
X: NOM |
Y: uGEN |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja | vyigra-l | u | Maš-i |
pn ( m )- nom . sg | win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | at | pn ( f )- gen . sg |
‘Petja beat Maša.’ |
Rutul libt’ɨra
Valency pattern: ERG_SUP |
X: ERG |
Y: SUP |
Locus: Y |
rasul-a | l-i<b>t’ɨ-r=a | ramazan-ɨ |
pn - erg | pv -<3>win. pfv - cvb =be | pn - obl ( sup ) |
‘Rasul beat Ramazan.’ |
Serbian pobedio
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar | je | pobedi-o | Marij-u |
pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | победить- part . perf . m . sg | pn - acc . sg |
‘Петар выиграл у Марии.’ |
Shughni yêdow
Valency pattern: NOM_EL |
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
Ahmed=i | as | Karamšo | yod |
pn =3 sg | el | pn | bring. pst |
‘Ahmed beat Karamsho.’ |
Skolt Saami vueiʹtted
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt | vuõit-i | Määʹrj |
pn . sg . nom | win- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
‘Pete beat Maria’ |
Slovenian premagati
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pavel | je | premaga-l | Petr-a |
pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | win: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
‘Pavel beat Peter.’ |
Spanish ganar
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | ha | gana-do | a | María | a=l | ajedrez |
pn [ sg . m ] | aux .3 sg | win- ptcp : prf | dir . obj . anm | pn [ sg . f ] | to= art . def . sg . m | chess[ sg . m ] |
‘Pedro won over Maria at chess.’ |
Swedish att slå
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn | slog | Maja |
pn | beat. pst | pn |
‘Björn beat Maja.’ |
Turkish galip gelmek
Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet | Kemal-e | galip | gel-di |
pn | pn - dat | winner | come- pst |
‘Mehmet beat Kemal.’ |
Ulcha dabdi-
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə | piktə | əktə | piktə-wə | dabda-xa-n |
male | child | female | child- acc | win- pst -3 sg |
‘The boy beat the girl.’ | ||||
Note: The speaker was not sure about the verb (dabdi-, dabda-, or dabdaǯu-). |
Zilo Andi <w>-uʃ.a
Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT |
X: NOM |
Y: SUPER.LAT |
Locus: Y |
ali | w-uʃ.a | ʃaχmata-tɬo | umarħadʒi-ʔo |
pn [ m ][ nom ] | m -win. pst ( aor ) | chess-? | pn - super . lat |
‘Ali won over Umargaji at chess.’ |