‘win’
| Argument frame: | X (beat) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P. and M. played chess.) P. beat M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | выиграть |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (выигрывать) у Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (П. играл с М. в шахматы). П. выиграл у М . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| bará | sará | b-s-ajʕáj-ṭ |
| you. f | i | 2 sg . f . abs -1 sg . io -win( aor )- dcl |
| ‘You beat me.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | wartː | ʁuš.u-ne | meʜemed.i-l |
| pn ( erg ) | top | take. pf - aor | pn - super |
| ‘Aslan beat Muhammad.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_ka |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| brata | +krəm-la | ka | axun-o |
| girl( f ) | win. pst - ls .3 f | to | brother( m )- p .3 f |
| ‘The girl beat her brother.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_nadINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: nadINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | vyhrá-l | nad | Michal-em |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | over | pn ( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petr beat Michal.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | voitt-i | Mati-n |
| pn . nom | win- pst .3 sg | pn - gen |
| ‘Pekka beat Matti’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | karti-xin | sanku-ʃ | genka-xaz | kɔrtuz | mɔteʔɛ |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | cards- loc . pl | play( ipfv )- cvb | pn - abl | harness. obl | win( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘Playing cards my friend won harness from Genka’. | ||||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Spume-us | amn-is | exi-it | opposite-as-que | evic-it | gurgit-e | mol-es |
| пенящийся- nom . sg . m | река( m )- nom . sg | вытекать[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | противополагать. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . pl . f -и | одолеть[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | пучина( m )- abl . sg | плотина( f )- acc . pl |
| ‘Пенная река выходит и одолевает потоком стоящие на пути плотины.’ | ||||||
| Note: (Verg. Aen. II, 497) | ||||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | nitsaχ | et | Menaχem |
| pn | beat[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | pn |
| ‘Pinchas beat Menachem.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | xətə-xə-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | побеждать- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя выиграл у Маши.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_over |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: over |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | vant | over | Ola |
| pn | win. pst | over | pn |
| ‘Per beat Ola.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_zINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Paweł | wygra-ł | z | Lech-em |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | выиграть: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | c | pn - ins . sg |
| ‘Павел выиграл у Леха.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_uGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: uGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | vyigra-l | u | Maš-i |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | at | pn ( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja beat Maša.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUP |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | l-i<b>t’ɨ-r=a | ramazan-ɨ |
| pn - erg | pv -<3>win. pfv - cvb =be | pn - obl ( sup ) |
| ‘Rasul beat Ramazan.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | vuõit-i | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | win- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete beat Maria’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pavel | je | premaga-l | Petr-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | win: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Pavel beat Peter.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | slog | Maja |
| pn | beat. pst | pn |
| ‘Björn beat Maja.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Kemal-e | galip | gel-di |
| pn | pn - dat | winner | come- pst |
| ‘Mehmet beat Kemal.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| xusə | piktə | əktə | piktə-wə | dabda-xa-n |
| male | child | female | child- acc | win- pst -3 sg |
| ‘The boy beat the girl.’ | ||||
| Note: The speaker was not sure about the verb (dabdi-, dabda-, or dabdaǯu-). | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | w-uʃ.a | ʃaχmata-tɬo | umarħadʒi-ʔo |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | m -win. pst ( aor ) | chess-? | pn - super . lat |
| ‘Ali won over Umargaji at chess.’ | |||