BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘wave’

Argument frame: X (wave) Y
Stimulus sentence: (Look, there’s P. on the other side of the river.) P. is waving a handkerchief .
Predicate label Ru: махать
Argument frame Ru: X (махать) Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Смотрите, на другом берегу реки стоит П.). П. машет платком .

Abaza q̇’a

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-phʷə́spa á-ḳas l-q̇’-əj-d
def -girl def -shawl 3 sg . f . erg -wave- prs - dcl
‘The girl is waving the shawl.’

Aghul tːutː.a-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a jaʁluqː tːutː.a-a
pn ( erg ) handkerchief shake. ipf - prs
‘Aslan is waving a handkerchief.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +šayəš

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
brata +bəššaš-o=la +yaləxta id-o
girl( f ) shake. prog - p .3 f =3 f handkerchief( f ) with hand( f )- p .3 f
‘The girl is waving a handkerchief.’

Brazilian Portuguese acenar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro acen-a com um lenço
pn ( m ) wave-3 sg . prs with indf handkerchief( m )
‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’

Catalan agitar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere agit-a un mocador
def . sg . m pn ( m ) wave-3 sg . prs . ind indf . sg . m handkerchief( m )
‘Pere is waving a handkerchief.’

Czech mávat

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr mavá šátk-em
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] wave( ipfv ). prs .3 sg scarf( m )- ins . sg
‘Petr is waving a scarf.’

Danish vifte

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Peter vifte-r med et lommetørklæde
pn wave- prs with indf . sg handkerchief( n )
‘Peter is waving a handkerchief.’

Dutch zwaaien

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
Piet zwaai-t met de sjaal
pn ( c ) wave-3 sg with art . def . c scarf(С)
‘Piet is waving the scarf.’

Estonian lehvitama

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peeter lehvita-b taskurätiku-ga
pn . sg . nom wave- prs .3 sg handkerchief- com
‘Peeter is waving a handkerchief.’

Finnish huiskuttaa

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka huiskutt-aa nenäliina-a
pn . nom wave- prs .3 sg handkerchief- part
‘Pekka is waving a handkerchief.’

Forest Enets lɛbitur

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ ɔbi-xone-da lɛbituŋa
i man- nom . sg .1 sg mitten- loc . sg - obl . sg .3 sg wave( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend is waving his mitten’.

German winken

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl wink-t mit dem Taschentuch
pn [ nom . sg ] wave- prs .3 sg with def . n . dat . sg handkerchief[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl is waving the handkerchief.’

Italian agitare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo agit-a un fazzolett-o
pn ( m ) wave-3 sg . prs indf . sg . m handkerchief- sg . m
‘Leo is waving a handkerchief.’

Kazakh bulɣa

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petya oramal-men bulɣa-p tur
pn handkerchief- ins wave- cvb stand.3 sg
‘Petya is waving a handkerchief.’

Kazym Khanty jɔwǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en pa pԑlǝk-ǝn λǫp-ǝn jɔwǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg other side- loc oar- loc wave. npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is waving an oar on the other bank.’

Latin vibro

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui vibra-nt hast-as ante pugn-am
which. nom . pl . m shake[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl spear( f )- acc . pl before fight( f )- acc . sg
‘... who shake their spears before the fight.’
Note: (Cic. De Oratore. II, 325)

Modern Hebrew menofef

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
Pinχas menofef be mitpaχat
pn wave[ ptcp . sg . m ] in handkerchief
‘Pinchas is waving a handkerchief.’

Nanai xarxi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petia puŋku-ǯi xarxi-ni
pn handkerchief- ins wave. npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia is waving a handkerchief.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å vifte

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per vifte-r med tørkle
pn wave- prs with handkerchief
‘Per is waving a handkerchief.’

Polish machać

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Paweł macha chustk-ą
pn [ nom . sg ] wave: ipfv . prs .3 sg handkerchief- ins . sg
‘Paweł is waving a handkerchief.’

Russian maxatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet-ja maš-et platk-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg wave( ipfv )- prs .3 sg kerchief( m )- ins . sg
‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’

Rutul lawɨχara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
samira-ra jalɨʁ la-wɨ-χa-r=a
pn - erg kerchief( nom ) pv -3-wave. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Samira is waving a handkerchief.’

Serbian maše

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petar maše maram-om
pn . nom . sg махать. prs .3 sg платок- ins . sg . f
‘Петар машет платком.’

Shughni δust weδdow

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Azim lemol-ak=qati δust weδ-d
pn headscarf- dim = ins hand put- pst
‘Azim is waving a handkerchief.’

Skolt Saami heeilted

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt lij heeilte-men nozvaireeʹppǩ-es
pn . sg . nom be. prs .3 sg wave- prog . ptcp handkerchief. sg . acc - poss .3 sg
‘Pete is waving his handkerchief.’

Slovenian mahati

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Pavel maha z robčk-om
pn [ nom . sg ] wave: ipfv . prs .3 sg with handkerchief- ins . sg
‘Pavel is waving a handkerchief.’

Spanish agitar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro agit-a un pañuelo
pn [ sg . m ] wave- prs .3 sg art . ndef . sg . m handkerchief[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’

Swedish att vinka

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Björn vinka-r med en näsduk
pn wave- prs with indf . c . sg handkerchief
‘Björn is waving a handkerchief.’

Turkish sallamak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet mendil-i-ni sallı-yor
pn handkerchief- p .3- acc shake- prs
‘Mehmet is waving his handkerchief.’

Ulcha xarxi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
əńi-n goj sapsi kera-do-ni puŋku-ǯi xarx-i-ni
mother-3 sg other bank edge- dat -3 sg kerchief- ins wave- prs -3 sg
‘His mother is waving a handkerchief on the other bank (of the river).’

Zilo Andi xʷaʔi-la

Valency pattern: NOM_INST
X: NOM
Y: INST
Locus: Y
pat’imati k’azil-qχi xʷaʔi-la
pn [ f ][ nom ] shawl. obl - inst wave- prs
‘Patimat is waving her shawl.’