‘wave’
| Argument frame: | X (wave) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (Look, there’s P. on the other side of the river.) P. is waving a handkerchief . |
| Predicate label Ru: | махать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (махать) Y -ом |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (Смотрите, на другом берегу реки стоит П.). П. машет платком . |
Abaza q̇’a
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-phʷə́spa | á-ḳas | l-q̇’-əj-d |
| def -girl | def -shawl | 3 sg . f . erg -wave- prs - dcl |
| ‘The girl is waving the shawl.’ | ||
Aghul tːutː.a-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | jaʁluqː | tːutː.a-a |
| pn ( erg ) | handkerchief | shake. ipf - prs |
| ‘Aslan is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +šayəš
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | +bəššaš-o=la | +yaləxta | ṗ | id-o |
| girl( f ) | shake. prog - p .3 f =3 f | handkerchief( f ) | with | hand( f )- p .3 f |
| ‘The girl is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese acenar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_com |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | acen-a | com | um | lenço |
| pn ( m ) | wave-3 sg . prs | with | indf | handkerchief( m ) |
| ‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||||
Catalan agitar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | agit-a | un | mocador |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | wave-3 sg . prs . ind | indf . sg . m | handkerchief( m ) |
| ‘Pere is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||||
Czech mávat
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | mavá | šátk-em |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | wave( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | scarf( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petr is waving a scarf.’ | ||
Danish vifte
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | vifte-r | med | et | lommetørklæde |
| pn | wave- prs | with | indf . sg | handkerchief( n ) |
| ‘Peter is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||||
Dutch zwaaien
| Valency pattern: SBJ_met |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: met |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | zwaai-t | met | de | sjaal |
| pn ( c ) | wave-3 sg | with | art . def . c | scarf(С) |
| ‘Piet is waving the scarf.’ | ||||
Estonian lehvitama
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | lehvita-b | taskurätiku-ga |
| pn . sg . nom | wave- prs .3 sg | handkerchief- com |
| ‘Peeter is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Finnish huiskuttaa
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | huiskutt-aa | nenäliina-a |
| pn . nom | wave- prs .3 sg | handkerchief- part |
| ‘Pekka is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Forest Enets lɛbitur
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | ɔbi-xone-da | lɛbituŋa |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | mitten- loc . sg - obl . sg .3 sg | wave( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend is waving his mitten’. | |||
German winken
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | wink-t | mit | dem | Taschentuch |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | wave- prs .3 sg | with | def . n . dat . sg | handkerchief[ dat . sg ] |
| ‘Karl is waving the handkerchief.’ | ||||
Italian agitare
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | agit-a | un | fazzolett-o |
| pn ( m ) | wave-3 sg . prs | indf . sg . m | handkerchief- sg . m |
| ‘Leo is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Kazakh bulɣa
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | oramal-men | bulɣa-p | tur |
| pn | handkerchief- ins | wave- cvb | stand.3 sg |
| ‘Petya is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty jɔwǝλti
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en | pa | pԑlǝk-ǝn | λǫp-ǝn | jɔwǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | other | side- loc | oar- loc | wave. npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja is waving an oar on the other bank.’ | ||||
Latin vibro
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| qui | vibra-nt | hast-as | ante | pugn-am |
| which. nom . pl . m | shake[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl | spear( f )- acc . pl | before | fight( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘... who shake their spears before the fight.’ | ||||
| Note: (Cic. De Oratore. II, 325) | ||||
Modern Hebrew menofef
| Valency pattern: SBJ_be |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | menofef | be | mitpaχat |
| pn | wave[ ptcp . sg . m ] | in | handkerchief |
| ‘Pinchas is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Nanai xarxi-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | puŋku-ǯi | xarxi-ni |
| pn | handkerchief- ins | wave. npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å vifte
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | vifte-r | med | tørkle |
| pn | wave- prs | with | handkerchief |
| ‘Per is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Polish machać
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Paweł | macha | chustk-ą |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | wave: ipfv . prs .3 sg | handkerchief- ins . sg |
| ‘Paweł is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Russian maxatʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | maš-et | platk-om |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | wave( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | kerchief( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Rutul lawɨχara
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| samira-ra | jalɨʁ | la-wɨ-χa-r=a |
| pn - erg | kerchief( nom ) | pv -3-wave. ipfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Samira is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||
Serbian maše
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | maše | maram-om |
| pn . nom . sg | махать. prs .3 sg | платок- ins . sg . f |
| ‘Петар машет платком.’ | ||
Shughni δust weδdow
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim | lemol-ak=qati | δust | weδ-d |
| pn | headscarf- dim = ins | hand | put- pst |
| ‘Azim is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Skolt Saami heeilted
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | lij | heeilte-men | nozvaireeʹppǩ-es |
| pn . sg . nom | be. prs .3 sg | wave- prog . ptcp | handkerchief. sg . acc - poss .3 sg |
| ‘Pete is waving his handkerchief.’ | |||
Slovenian mahati
| Valency pattern: NOM_zINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pavel | maha | z | robčk-om |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | wave: ipfv . prs .3 sg | with | handkerchief- ins . sg |
| ‘Pavel is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Spanish agitar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | agit-a | un | pañuelo |
| pn [ sg . m ] | wave- prs .3 sg | art . ndef . sg . m | handkerchief[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’ | |||
Swedish att vinka
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | vinka-r | med | en | näsduk |
| pn | wave- prs | with | indf . c . sg | handkerchief |
| ‘Björn is waving a handkerchief.’ | ||||
Turkish sallamak
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | mendil-i-ni | sallı-yor |
| pn | handkerchief- p .3- acc | shake- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is waving his handkerchief.’ | ||
Ulcha xarxi-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| əńi-n | goj | sapsi | kera-do-ni | puŋku-ǯi | xarx-i-ni |
| mother-3 sg | other | bank | edge- dat -3 sg | kerchief- ins | wave- prs -3 sg |
| ‘His mother is waving a handkerchief on the other bank (of the river).’ | |||||
Zilo Andi xʷaʔi-la
| Valency pattern: NOM_INST |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INST |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati | k’azil-qχi | xʷaʔi-la |
| pn [ f ][ nom ] | shawl. obl - inst | wave- prs |
| ‘Patimat is waving her shawl.’ | ||