‘wave’
Argument frame: |
X
(wave)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(Look, there’s P. on the other side of the river.)
P.
is waving
a handkerchief
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
махать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(махать)
Y
-ом
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Смотрите, на другом берегу реки стоит П.).
П.
машет
платком
.
|
Abaza
q̇’a
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
a-phʷə́spa |
á-ḳas |
l-q̇’-əj-d |
def
-girl
|
def
-shawl
|
3
sg
.
f
.
erg
-wave-
prs
-
dcl
|
‘The girl is waving the shawl.’ |
Aghul
tːutː.a-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
jaʁluqː |
tːutː.a-a |
pn
(
erg
)
|
handkerchief
|
shake.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+šayəš
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
brata |
+bəššaš-o=la |
+yaləxta |
ṗ |
id-o |
girl(
f
)
|
shake.
prog
-
p
.3
f
=3
f
|
handkerchief(
f
)
|
with
|
hand(
f
)-
p
.3
f
|
‘The girl is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
acenar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_com
|
X: SBJ |
Y: com |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
acen-a |
com |
um |
lenço |
pn
(
m
)
|
wave-3
sg
.
prs
|
with
|
indf
|
handkerchief(
m
)
|
‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Catalan
agitar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
agit-a |
un |
mocador |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
wave-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
handkerchief(
m
)
|
‘Pere is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Czech
mávat
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
mavá |
šátk-em |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wave(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
scarf(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petr is waving a scarf.’ |
Danish
vifte
Valency pattern:
SBJ_med
|
X: SBJ |
Y: med |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
vifte-r |
med |
et |
lommetørklæde |
pn
|
wave-
prs
|
with
|
indf
.
sg
|
handkerchief(
n
)
|
‘Peter is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Dutch
zwaaien
Valency pattern:
SBJ_met
|
X: SBJ |
Y: met |
Locus: Y |
Piet |
zwaai-t |
met |
de |
sjaal |
pn
(
c
)
|
wave-3
sg
|
with
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
scarf(С)
|
‘Piet is waving the scarf.’ |
Estonian
lehvitama
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
X: NOM |
Y: COM |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
lehvita-b |
taskurätiku-ga |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
wave-
prs
.3
sg
|
handkerchief-
com
|
‘Peeter is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Finnish
huiskuttaa
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
huiskutt-aa |
nenäliina-a |
pn
.
nom
|
wave-
prs
.3
sg
|
handkerchief-
part
|
‘Pekka is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Forest Enets
lɛbitur
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
ɔbi-xone-da |
lɛbituŋa |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
mitten-
loc
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
wave(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend is waving his mitten’. |
German
winken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
wink-t |
mit |
dem |
Taschentuch |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wave-
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
def
.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
handkerchief[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl is waving the handkerchief.’ |
Italian
agitare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
agit-a |
un |
fazzolett-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
wave-3
sg
.
prs
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
handkerchief-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Kazakh
bulɣa
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
oramal-men |
bulɣa-p |
tur |
pn
|
handkerchief-
ins
|
wave-
cvb
|
stand.3
sg
|
‘Petya is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Kazym Khanty
jɔwǝλti
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
pa |
pԑlǝk-ǝn |
λǫp-ǝn |
jɔwǝλ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
other
|
side-
loc
|
oar-
loc
|
wave.
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja is waving an oar on the other bank.’ |
Latin
vibro
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
qui |
vibra-nt |
hast-as |
ante |
pugn-am |
which.
nom
.
pl
.
m
|
shake[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
spear(
f
)-
acc
.
pl
|
before
|
fight(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘... who shake their spears before the fight.’ |
Note: (Cic. De Oratore. II, 325) |
Modern Hebrew
menofef
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
X: SBJ |
Y: be |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
menofef |
be |
mitpaχat |
pn
|
wave[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
in
|
handkerchief
|
‘Pinchas is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Nanai
xarxi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
puŋku-ǯi |
xarxi-ni |
pn
|
handkerchief-
ins
|
wave.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å vifte
Valency pattern:
SBJ_med
|
X: SBJ |
Y: med |
Locus: Y |
Per |
vifte-r |
med |
tørkle |
pn
|
wave-
prs
|
with
|
handkerchief
|
‘Per is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Polish
machać
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Paweł |
macha |
chustk-ą |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wave:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
handkerchief-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Paweł is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Russian
maxatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
maš-et |
platk-om |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
wave(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
kerchief(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Rutul
lawɨχara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
samira-ra |
jalɨʁ |
la-wɨ-χa-r=a |
pn
-
erg
|
kerchief(
nom
)
|
pv
-3-wave.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Samira is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Serbian
maše
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
maše |
maram-om |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
махать.
prs
.3
sg
|
платок-
ins
.
sg
.
f
|
‘Петар машет платком.’ |
Shughni
δust weδdow
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Azim |
lemol-ak=qati |
δust |
weδ-d |
pn
|
headscarf-
dim
=
ins
|
hand
|
put-
pst
|
‘Azim is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Skolt Saami
heeilted
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
lij |
heeilte-men |
nozvaireeʹppǩ-es |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
wave-
prog
.
ptcp
|
handkerchief.
sg
.
acc
-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘Pete is waving his handkerchief.’ |
Slovenian
mahati
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: zINS |
Locus: Y |
Pavel |
maha |
z |
robčk-om |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wave:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
handkerchief-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Pavel is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Spanish
agitar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
agit-a |
un |
pañuelo |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
wave-
prs
.3
sg
|
art
.
ndef
.
sg
.
m
|
handkerchief[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Swedish
att vinka
Valency pattern:
SBJ_med
|
X: SBJ |
Y: med |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
vinka-r |
med |
en |
näsduk |
pn
|
wave-
prs
|
with
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
handkerchief
|
‘Björn is waving a handkerchief.’ |
Turkish
sallamak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
mendil-i-ni |
sallı-yor |
pn
|
handkerchief-
p
.3-
acc
|
shake-
prs
|
‘Mehmet is waving his handkerchief.’ |
Ulcha
xarxi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
əńi-n |
goj |
sapsi |
kera-do-ni |
puŋku-ǯi |
xarx-i-ni |
mother-3
sg
|
other
|
bank
|
edge-
dat
-3
sg
|
kerchief-
ins
|
wave-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘His mother is waving a handkerchief on the other bank (of the river).’ |
Zilo Andi
xʷaʔi-la
Valency pattern:
NOM_INST
|
X: NOM |
Y: INST |
Locus: Y |
pat’imati |
k’azil-qχi |
xʷaʔi-la |
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
shawl.
obl
-
inst
|
wave-
prs
|
‘Patimat is waving her shawl.’ |