‘want’
Argument frame: |
X
(want)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
wants
a new mobile phone
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
хотеть
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(хотеть)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
хочет
новый мобильник
.
|
Abaza
taqə
Valency pattern:
IO_ABS
|
X: IO |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
rasúl |
χabar.rgága–čəc̣ |
j-taqə́-b |
pn
|
announcement–new
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-want-
npst
.
dcl
|
‘Rasul wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Adyghe
fe-je
Valency pattern:
ABS_BEN
|
X: ABS |
Y: BEN |
Locus: Y |
mə |
tjeljefonə-m |
sə-fa-j-ep |
этот
|
телефон-
obl
|
1
sg
.
abs
-
ben
-быть-
neg
|
‘Я не хочу этот телефон’ |
Aghul
kːande-
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
c’aje |
tilifun |
kːande-a |
pn
-
dat
|
new
|
phone
|
want-
prs
|
‘Aslan wants a new phone.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+bayyə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
brata |
+byay=əla |
taza |
telefon |
girl(
f
)
|
want.
prog
=3
f
|
new
|
phone(?)
|
‘The girl wants a new phone.’ |
Bambara
bɛ́/tɛ́
Valency pattern:
SBJ_fe
|
X: SBJ |
Y: fe |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
bɛ́ |
móto` |
fɛ̀ |
pn
|
be
|
motorcycle\
art
|
by
|
‘Seku wants a motorcycle.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Brazilian Portuguese
querer
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
quer |
um |
nov-o |
celular |
pn
(
m
)
|
want.3
sg
.
prs
|
indf
|
new-
m
|
mobile_phone(
m
)
|
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Catalan
voler
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
vol |
un |
nou |
telèfon |
mòbil |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
want.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
new(
m
)
|
phone(
m
)
|
mobile
|
‘Pere wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Czech
chtít
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
chce |
nov-ej |
mobil |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
want(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
mobile_phone(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Petr wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Danish
ville
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Peter |
vil |
gerne |
have |
en |
ny |
mobiltelefon |
pn
|
want.
prs
|
with_pleasure
|
have.
inf
|
indf
.
sg
|
new.
c
.
sg
|
mobile_phone(
c
)
|
‘Peter would like to have a new mobile phone.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Dutch
willen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
wil |
een |
nieuw |
mobieltje |
pn
(
c
)
|
want.3
sg
|
art
.
indf
|
new
|
phone(
n
)
|
‘Piet wants a new phone.’ |
Eastern Maninka
yé/tɛ́
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ko
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ko |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
yé |
télefoni |
kuda` |
kɔ́. |
pn
|
be
|
phone
|
new\
art
|
behind
|
‘Seku wants a new phone.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predication. |
English
want
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
wants |
a |
new |
mobile |
phone. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
tahtma
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
taha-b |
uut |
mobiiltelefoni |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
want-
prs
.3
sg
|
new.
part
|
mobile_phone.
part
|
‘Peeter wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Finnish
haluta
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
halu-aa |
uuden |
kännykä-n |
pn
.
nom
|
want-
prs
.3
sg
|
new.
gen
|
mobile.phone-
gen
|
‘Pekka wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Forest Enets
kɔma
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
meju |
ɔdu-d |
kɔma |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
new
|
boat-
dat
.
sg
|
want(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend wants a new boat’. |
French
vouloir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
veut |
un |
nouveau |
téléphone |
pn
(
m
)
|
want.
prs
.3
sg
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
new.
sg
.
m
|
phone(
m
)
|
‘Paul wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Georgian
Ø-u-nd-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
axal-i |
mobilur-i |
Ø-u-nd-a |
pn
-
dat
|
new-
nom
|
cell_phone-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
o
-want-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Petre wants a new mobile phone.’ |
German
wollen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
will |
ein |
neu-es |
Handy |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
want.
prs
.3
sg
|
indf
[
n
.
acc
.
sg
]
|
new-
n
.
acc
.
sg
|
mobile_phone[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Irish
teastaigh
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Teast-aíonn |
fón |
nú |
ó |
Peter. |
be_necessary-
prs
|
telephone
|
new
|
from
|
pn
|
‘Pól wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Italian
volere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
vuol-e |
un |
cellular-e |
nuov-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
want-3
sg
.
prs
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
mobile_phone-
sg
.
m
|
new-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Kalderash Romani
kamel
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
kam-el |
nev-o |
tilifon-o |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
want-
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
telephone-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Murša wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Kazakh
qala
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
žaŋa |
telefon |
qala-ydï |
pn
|
new
|
phone
|
want-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya wants a new phone.’ |
Kazym Khanty
λǎŋχati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ńawrεm-ew |
jiλǝp |
jǒntǒt |
λǎŋχa-λ |
child-
poss
.1
pl
|
new
|
toy
|
want-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘The child wants a new toy.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
il-lo |
uža-l |
ec'nu |
mašina |
q'uča-na |
1
pl
.
o
-
gen
2
|
сын-
dat
|
новый
|
машина
|
хотеть-
pst
.
i
|
‘Нашему сыну хочется новую машину.’. |
Kina Rutul
wɨgara
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-u-s |
w-ɨga-r=a |
c’ɨn-dɨ |
telefon |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
3-want.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
new-
attr
|
phone(
nom
)
|
‘Rasul wants a new phone.’ |
Latin
volo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
nam |
si |
rex |
ea |
vult, |
quae |
Theban-is |
sunt |
utili-a, |
gratis |
fac-ere |
sum |
parat-us |
indeed
|
if
|
king(
m
).
nom
.
sg
|
that.
acc
.
pl
.
n
|
want.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
which.
nom
.
pl
.
n
|
t
heban(
m
)-
dat
.
pl
|
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.3
pl
|
useful-
nom
.
pl
.
n
|
for_free
|
do[
prs
]-
inf
.
act
|
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.1
sg
|
ready-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
‘... for if the king wants what Thebans need, I am ready to do that for free.’ |
Note: (Nepos. Vitae. Epam. 4, 2, 2) |
Mandarin Chinese
xiǎngyào
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
xiǎngyào |
yí-bù |
xīn |
shǒujī |
pn
|
want
|
one-
clf
|
new
|
cellphone
|
‘Zhangsan wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-k'-on-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
Ø-o-k'-o(n)-Ø |
axal-(i) |
t'elepon-i. |
pn
-
dat
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-want-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
new-(
nom
)
|
telephone-
nom
|
‘Chelo want a new phone.’ |
Modern Hebrew
rots-e
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
rots-e |
telefon |
najad |
χadaʃ |
pn
|
want[
ptcp
.
sg
]-
m
|
phone
|
mobile
|
new
|
‘Pinchas wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Nanai
gələ-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
sikun |
mobil’nika-wa |
gələ-j-ni |
pn
|
new
|
mobile_phone-
obl
|
ask-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Nivkh
jaɣnid
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
cʰir |
+ |
mоbil'nik |
+ |
aɣni-d |
pn
|
new
|
+
|
mobile.phone
|
+
|
want-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Northern Mansi
tāŋxi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
am |
āji-m |
tāŋx-i |
lil’pi |
t’el’efōn |
1
sg
|
daughter-
poss
.1
sg
|
want-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
new
|
phone
|
‘My daughter wants a new phone.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
Y-PROP-NLZR-bуnˈ=
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Sǝmiǝn |
nˈidˈǝrpǝ-j |
mobilˈnik-nˈǝ-l-bunˈ-i |
pn
|
be_new-
ptcl
|
mobile_phone-
prop
-
nlzr
-
des
-
intr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien wants a new alarm clock.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a root within a derived word. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ønske seg
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
ønske-r |
seg |
ny |
mobil |
pn
|
wish-
prs
|
refl
|
new
|
mobile_phone
|
‘Per wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Polish
chcieć
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Michał |
chce |
now-ą |
komórk-ę |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
want:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
mobile_phone-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Michał wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Russian
xotetʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
xoč-et |
nov-yj |
mobilʹnik |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
want(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
cellphone(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Serbian
želeti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
želi |
nov-i |
mobiln-i |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
want.
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
mobile-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Shughni
fortow
Valency pattern:
LAT_NOM
|
X: LAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Ahmed-ard |
naw |
telefun |
for-t |
pn
-
lat
|
new
|
phone
|
want-3
sg
|
‘Ahmed wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Skolt Saami
haaʹleed
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
haaʹlad |
ođđ |
ǩiõtt-teeʹl |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
want.
prs
.3
sg
|
new
|
hand-phone.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Slovak
chcieť
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
chce |
nov-ý |
mobiln-ý |
telefón |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
want(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
mobile-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
phone(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Peter wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Slovenian
želeti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a |
želi |
nov-i |
mobilnik |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
want:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
new-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
mobile_phone[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Ana wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
wîstin
Valency pattern:
EXT_SBJ
|
X: EXT |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
Hîwa |
mobayl-êk-î |
niwê=î |
de-w-ê |
pn
|
mobile-
indf
-
izf
|
new=3
sg
.
pc
|
ind
-want.
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Hiwa wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Spanish
querer
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
quier-e |
un |
teléfono |
movil |
nuev-o |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
want-
prs
.3
sg
|
art
.
ndef
.
sg
.
m
|
telephone[
sg
.
m
]
|
mobile[
sg
.
m
]
|
new[
sg
]-
m
|
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Swedish
att vilja ha
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Björn |
vill |
ha |
en |
ny |
mobil |
pn
|
want
|
have.
inf
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
new.
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
mobile_phone
|
‘Björn wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
Gusto |
ni |
Pedro |
ng |
bago-ng |
telepono |
want
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
gen
|
new-
lin
|
phone
|
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Note: Syntactic interpretation of this construction is tricky and partially arbitrary. First, it is based on RG’s suggestion to align this structure with PV structures. Thus, ‘Pedro’ is interpreted as ACT. As for the Y-argument, ‘phone’, it is treated as UND mainly because “one can have an “ang” before phone here, which just changes the specificity of the patient”. RG also noticed that she thinks that “we can treat telephone as PAT here, but yes, I don’t really have a clue. One linguist was telling me that constructions such as this are used as arguments that the ang-phrase is not a real subject.” |
Telugu
kāvāli
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pravīṇ-ki |
kotta |
fōn |
kāvāli |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
new
|
phone(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
be_wanted
|
‘Praveen wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Note: This predicate is used without agreement markers and without copula. |
Turkish
istemek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
yeni |
telefon |
isti-yor |
pn
|
new
|
phone
|
want-
prs
|
‘Mehmet wants a new phone.’ |
Ulcha
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ama |
sičəu |
mewtim-ba |
ga-ǯič-i-ni |
father
|
new
|
gun-
acc
|
buy-
desid
-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Father wants to buy a new gun.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by the desiderative suffix. |
Uzbek
xohlamoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
yaŋi |
telefon |
xohla-yab-ti |
pn
|
new
|
telephone
|
want-
prs
1-3
sg
|
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’ |
West Central Oromo
barbaada
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
bilbila |
haaraa |
barbaad-a |
pn
-
nom
|
phone.
abs
|
new
|
want-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa wants a new mobile phone.’ |
Zilo Andi
qχ’oroqχ’.o-j
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pat’imati-j |
qχ’oroqχ’.o-j |
ts’ːiw |
telefon |
pn
-
dat
|
want.
pst
-
pf
|
new
|
telephone[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
‘Patimat wants a new cellphone.’ |