BivalTyp

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‘want’

Argument frame:

X (want) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. wants a new mobile phone .

Predicate label Ru:

хотеть

Argument frame Ru:

X (хотеть) Y -а

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. хочет новый мобильник .

Abaza taqə

Valency pattern: IO_ABS

X: IO

Y: ABS

Locus: X

rasúl	χabar.rgága–čəc̣	j-taqə́-b
pn	announcement–new	3 sg . m . io -want- npst . dcl
‘Rasul wants a new mobile phone.’

Adyghe fe-je

Valency pattern: ABS_BEN

X: ABS

Y: BEN

Locus: Y

mə	tjeljefonə-m	sə-fa-j-ep
этот	телефон- obl	1 sg . abs - ben -быть- neg
‘Я не хочу этот телефон’

Aghul kːande-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	c’aje	tilifun	kːande-a
pn - dat	new	phone	want- prs
‘Aslan wants a new phone.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +bayyə

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

brata	+byay=əla	taza	telefon
girl( f )	want. prog =3 f	new	phone(?)
‘The girl wants a new phone.’

Bambara bɛ́/tɛ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_fe

X: SBJ

Y: fe

Locus: Y

Sékù	bɛ́	móto`	fɛ̀
pn	be	motorcycle\ art	by
‘Seku wants a motorcycle.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Brazilian Portuguese querer

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	quer	um	nov-o	celular
pn ( m )	want.3 sg . prs	indf	new- m	mobile_phone( m )
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’

Catalan voler

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	vol	un	nou	telèfon	mòbil
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	want.3 sg . prs . ind	indf . sg . m	new( m )	phone( m )	mobile
‘Pere wants a new mobile phone.’

Czech chtít

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petr	chce	nov-ej	mobil
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	want( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	new- m . acc . sg	mobile_phone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr wants a new mobile phone.’

Danish ville

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Peter	vil	gerne	have	en	ny	mobiltelefon
pn	want. prs	with_pleasure	have. inf	indf . sg	new. c . sg	mobile_phone( c )
‘Peter would like to have a new mobile phone.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Dutch willen

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	wil	een	nieuw	mobieltje
pn ( c )	want.3 sg	art . indf	new	phone( n )
‘Piet wants a new phone.’

Eastern Maninka yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_ko

X: SBJ

Y: ko

Locus: Y

Sékù	yé	télefoni	kuda`	kɔ́.
pn	be	phone	new\ art	behind
‘Seku wants a new phone.’
Note: Non-verbal predication.

English want

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	wants	a	new	mobile	phone.

Estonian tahtma

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Peeter	taha-b	uut	mobiiltelefoni
pn . sg . nom	want- prs .3 sg	new. part	mobile_phone. part
‘Peeter wants a new mobile phone.’

Finnish haluta

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	halu-aa	uuden	kännykä-n
pn . nom	want- prs .3 sg	new. gen	mobile.phone- gen
‘Pekka wants a new mobile phone.’

Forest Enets kɔma

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	meju	ɔdu-d	kɔma
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	new	boat- dat . sg	want( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend wants a new boat’.

French vouloir

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	veut	un	nouveau	téléphone
pn ( m )	want. prs .3 sg	indf . sg . m	new. sg . m	phone( m )
‘Paul wants a new mobile phone.’

Georgian Ø-u-nd-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	axal-i	mobilur-i	Ø-u-nd-a
pn - dat	new- nom	cell_phone- nom	io 3- ver : o -want- s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre wants a new mobile phone.’

German wollen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	will	ein	neu-es	Handy
pn [ nom . sg ]	want. prs .3 sg	indf [ n . acc . sg ]	new- n . acc . sg	mobile_phone[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl wants a new mobile phone.’

Irish teastaigh

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Teast-aíonn	fón	nú	ó	Peter.
be_necessary- prs	telephone	new	from	pn
‘Pól wants a new mobile phone.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Italian volere

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	vuol-e	un	cellular-e	nuov-o
pn ( m )	want-3 sg . prs	indf . sg . m	mobile_phone- sg . m	new- sg . m
‘Leo wants a new mobile phone.’

Kalderash Romani kamel

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	kam-el	nev-o	tilifon-o
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	want- prs .3 sg	new- m . dir . sg	telephone- acc . sg
‘Murša wants a new mobile phone.’

Kazakh qala

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	žaŋa	telefon	qala-ydï
pn	new	phone	want- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya wants a new phone.’

Kazym Khanty λǎŋχati

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

ńawrεm-ew	jiλǝp	jǒntǒt	λǎŋχa-λ
child- poss .1 pl	new	toy	want- npst [3 sg ]
‘The child wants a new toy.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

il-lo	uža-l	ec'nu	mašina	q'uča-na
1 pl . o - gen 2	сын- dat	новый	машина	хотеть- pst . i
‘Нашему сыну хочется новую машину.’.

Kina Rutul wɨgara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-u-s	w-ɨga-r=a	c’ɨn-dɨ	telefon
pn - obl - dat	3-want. ipfv - cvb =be	new- attr	phone( nom )
‘Rasul wants a new phone.’

Latin volo

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

nam

rex

vult,

quae

Theban-is

sunt

utili-a,

gratis

fac-ere

sum

parat-us

indeed

king( m ). nom . sg

that. acc . pl . n

want. prs . ind . act .3 sg

which. nom . pl . n

t heban( m )- dat . pl

be. prs . ind . act .3 pl

useful- nom . pl . n

for_free

do[ prs ]- inf . act

be. prs . ind . act .1 sg

ready- nom . sg . m

‘... for if the king wants what Thebans need, I am ready to do that for free.’

Note: (Nepos. Vitae. Epam. 4, 2, 2)

Mandarin Chinese xiǎngyào

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	xiǎngyào	yí-bù	xīn	shǒujī
pn	want	one- clf	new	cellphone
‘Zhangsan wants a new mobile phone.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-k'-on-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

čelo-s	Ø-o-k'-o(n)-Ø	axal-(i)	t'elepon-i.
pn - dat	io 3- ver : sup -want- sm - s 3 sg . inact	new-( nom )	telephone- nom
‘Chelo want a new phone.’

Modern Hebrew rots-e

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	rots-e	telefon	najad	χadaʃ
pn	want[ ptcp . sg ]- m	phone	mobile	new
‘Pinchas wants a new mobile phone.’

Nanai gələ-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	sikun	mobil’nika-wa	gələ-j-ni
pn	new	mobile_phone- obl	ask- npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia wants a new mobile phone.’

Nivkh jaɣnid

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	cʰir	+	mоbil'nik	+	aɣni-d
pn	new	+	mobile.phone	+	want- ind
‘Kaskazik wants a new mobile phone.’

Northern Mansi tāŋxi

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

am	āji-m	tāŋx-i	lil’pi	t’el’efōn
1 sg	daughter- poss .1 sg	want- npst [3 sg ]	new	phone
‘My daughter wants a new phone.’

Northern Yukaghir Y-PROP-NLZR-bуnˈ=

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Sǝmiǝn	nˈidˈǝrpǝ-j	mobilˈnik-nˈǝ-l-bunˈ-i
pn	be_new- ptcl	mobile_phone- prop - nlzr - des - intr .3 sg
‘Semien wants a new alarm clock.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a root within a derived word.

Norwegian Bokmål å ønske seg

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	ønske-r	seg	ny	mobil
pn	wish- prs	refl	new	mobile_phone
‘Per wants a new mobile phone.’

Polish chcieć

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Michał	chce	now-ą	komórk-ę
pn [ nom . sg ]	want: ipfv . prs .3 sg	new- f . acc . sg	mobile_phone- acc . sg
‘Michał wants a new mobile phone.’

Russian xotetʹ

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pet-ja	xoč-et	nov-yj	mobilʹnik
pn ( m )- nom . sg	want( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	new- m . acc . sg	cellphone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

Serbian želeti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	želi	nov-i	mobiln-i
pn . nom . sg	want. prs .3 sg	new- acc . sg . m	mobile- acc . sg
‘Petar wants a new mobile phone.’

Shughni fortow

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM

X: LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Ahmed-ard	naw	telefun	for-t
pn - lat	new	phone	want-3 sg
‘Ahmed wants a new mobile phone.’

Skolt Saami haaʹleed

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	haaʹlad	ođđ	ǩiõtt-teeʹl
pn . sg . nom	want. prs .3 sg	new	hand-phone. sg . acc
‘Pete wants a new mobile phone.’

Slovak chcieť

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	chce	nov-ý	mobiln-ý	telefón
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	want( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	new- m . acc . sg	mobile- m . acc . sg	phone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter wants a new mobile phone.’

Slovenian želeti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

An-a	želi	nov-i	mobilnik
pn - nom . sg	want: ipfv . prs .3 sg	new- acc . sg . m	mobile_phone[ acc . sg ]
‘Ana wants a new mobile phone.’

Sorani Kurdish wîstin

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ

X: EXT

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

Hîwa	mobayl-êk-î	niwê=î	de-w-ê
pn	mobile- indf - izf	new=3 sg . pc	ind -want. prs -3 sg
‘Hiwa wants a new mobile phone.’

Spanish querer

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	quier-e	un	teléfono	movil	nuev-o
pn [ sg . m ]	want- prs .3 sg	art . ndef . sg . m	telephone[ sg . m ]	mobile[ sg . m ]	new[ sg ]- m
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’

Swedish att vilja ha

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Björn	vill	ha	en	ny	mobil
pn	want	have. inf	indf . c . sg	new. indf . c . sg	mobile_phone
‘Björn wants a new mobile phone.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR

X: ACT

Y: UND

Locus: TR

Gusto	ni	Pedro	ng	bago-ng	telepono
want	pers . gen	pn	gen	new- lin	phone
‘Pedro wants a new mobile phone.’
Note: Syntactic interpretation of this construction is tricky and partially arbitrary. First, it is based on RG’s suggestion to align this structure with PV structures. Thus, ‘Pedro’ is interpreted as ACT. As for the Y-argument, ‘phone’, it is treated as UND mainly because “one can have an “ang” before phone here, which just changes the specificity of the patient”. RG also noticed that she thinks that “we can treat telephone as PAT here, but yes, I don’t really have a clue. One linguist was telling me that constructions such as this are used as arguments that the ang-phrase is not a real subject.”

Telugu kāvāli

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pravīṇ-ki	kotta	fōn	kāvāli
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat	new	phone( n ). sg . nom	be_wanted
‘Praveen wants a new mobile phone.’
Note: This predicate is used without agreement markers and without copula.

Turkish istemek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	yeni	telefon	isti-yor
pn	new	phone	want- prs
‘Mehmet wants a new phone.’

Ulcha *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

ama	sičəu	mewtim-ba	ga-ǯič-i-ni
father	new	gun- acc	buy- desid - prs -3 sg
‘Father wants to buy a new gun.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by the desiderative suffix.

Uzbek xohlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	yaŋi	telefon	xohla-yab-ti
pn	new	telephone	want- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

West Central Oromo barbaada

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	bilbila	haaraa	barbaad-a
pn - nom	phone. abs	new	want-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa wants a new mobile phone.’

Zilo Andi qχ’oroqχ’.o-j

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pat’imati-j	qχ’oroqχ’.o-j	ts’ːiw	telefon
pn - dat	want. pst - pf	new	telephone[ inan 1][ nom ]
‘Patimat wants a new cellphone.’