‘wait’
Argument frame: |
X
(wait) for
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. and M. have arranged to meet at 2 p.m. at the post office.)
P.
is waiting for
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
ждать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(ждать)
Y
-а (сына)
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. и М. договорились встретиться в два часа на почте).
П.
ждет
М
.
|
Abaza
[z-]pšə
Valency pattern:
ABS_BEN
|
X: ABS |
Y: BEN |
Locus: Y |
b-s-zə-m-pšə́-n |
2
sg
.
f
.
abs
-1
sg
.
io
-
ben
-
neg
-wait-
neg
.
imp
|
‘Don’t wait for me!’ |
Aghul
ʁuz.u-
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST.LAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: POST.LAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
meʜemed.i-q-tːi |
ʁuz.u-naa |
pn
|
pn
-
post
-
lat
|
stop.
pf
-
prf
|
‘Aslan is waiting for Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
xaməl
Valency pattern:
SBJ_al
|
X: SBJ |
Y: al |
Locus: Y |
yala |
bəxmal=əl |
+al |
švav-u |
boy(
m
)
|
wait.
prog
=3
m
|
on
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘The boy is waiting for his neighbor.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
esperar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
está |
esper-ando |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
cop
_
prog
.3
sg
.
prs
|
wait-
prog
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro is waiting for Miguel.’ |
Catalan
esperar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
està |
esper-ant |
en |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
wait-
ger
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere is waiting for Marc.’ |
Czech
čekat
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
čeká |
na |
Michal-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wait(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
on
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr is waiting for Michal.’ |
Danish
vente
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
vente-r |
på |
Marie |
pn
|
wait-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Peter is waiting for Marie.’ |
Dutch
wachten
Valency pattern:
SBJ_op
|
X: SBJ |
Y: op |
Locus: Y |
Piet |
wacht |
op |
Marie |
pn
(С)
|
wait.3
sg
|
on
|
pn
(С)
|
‘Piet is waiting for Marie.’ |
Estonian
ootama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
oota-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
wait-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter is waiting for Maret.’ |
Finnish
odottaa
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
odott-aa |
Matti-a |
pn
.
nom
|
wait-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka is waiting for Matti’ |
Forest Enets
ɔte
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛ-da |
ɔtee |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
woman-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
wait(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend is waiting for his wife’. |
German
warten
Valency pattern:
NOM_aufACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: aufACC |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
warte-t |
auf |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
wait-
prs
.3
sg
|
on
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl is waiting for Marie.’ |
Italian
aspettare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
aspett-a |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
wait-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo is waiting for Maria.’ |
Kazakh
tos
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
tos-ïp |
tur |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
wait-
cvb
|
stand.3
sg
|
‘Petya is waiting for Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
λawǝλti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-ǝλ |
λawǝλ-λ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
wait-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’ |
Latin
maneo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
qui |
nud-us |
atque |
inerm-is |
host-em |
mane-a-t |
which.
nom
.
sg
|
naked-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
and_also
|
unarmed-
nom
.
sg
|
enemy(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
wait-
prs
.
sbjv
-
act
.3
sg
|
‘That who expected the enemy unarmed and defenceless.’ |
Note: (Liv. X, 35, 10) |
Modern Hebrew
meχake
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
meχake |
le |
Menaχem |
pn
|
wait[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas is waiting for Menachem.’ |
Nanai
xalači-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
Maša-wa |
xala.či-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
wait.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia is waiting for Masha.’ |
Nivkh
ŋarməd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana |
+ |
ŋarmə-d |
pn
|
pn
|
+
|
wait-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik is waiting for Ajsana.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å vente
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Per |
vente-r |
på |
Ola |
pn
|
wait-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Per is waiting for Ola.’ |
Polish
czekać
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Basi-a |
czeka |
na |
kuzynk-ę |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
wait:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
on
|
cousin-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Basia is waiting for her cousin.’ |
Russian
ždatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
žd-et |
Maš-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
wait(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’ |
Rutul
güzet haɁara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
ramazan |
güzet |
haɁa-r=a |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
wait
|
1.do.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Rasul is waiting for Ramazan.’ |
Serbian
čeka
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
čeka |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
ждать.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар ждет Марию.’ |
Shughni
nīstow
Valency pattern:
NOM_PREP.UP
|
X: NOM |
Y: PREP.UP |
Locus: Y |
Azim |
pi |
Lola |
nūs-č |
pn
|
prep
.
up
|
pn
|
sit.
m
-
pf
|
‘Azim is waiting for Lola.’ |
Skolt Saami
vueʹrdded
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
vuârdd |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
wait.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete is waiting for Maria’ |
Slovenian
čakati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Аn-a |
čaka |
sestričn-o |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
wait:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
female_cousin-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Ana is waiting for her cousin.’ |
Spanish
esperar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
esper-a |
a |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
wait-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro is waiting for Maria.’ |
Swedish
att vänta
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
vänta-r |
på |
Maja |
pn
|
wait-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Björn is waiting for Maja.’ |
Turkish
beklemek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
Filiz-i |
bekli-yor |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
wait-
prs
|
‘Mehmet is waiting for Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
xalači-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə |
piktə |
əktə |
piktə-wə |
xaj-du=nu |
xalač-i-ni |
male
|
child
|
female
|
child-
acc
|
what-
dat
=
q
|
wait-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘The boy is somewhere waiting for the girl.’ |
Zilo Andi
tʃ’on
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER.LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUPER.LAT |
Locus: Y |
pat’imati |
marjam-ʔo |
tʃ’on |
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
pn
[
f
]-
super
.
lat
|
stand_waiting.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Patimat is waiting for Mariam.’ |