BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘wait’

Argument frame: X (wait) for Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. and M. have arranged to meet at 2 p.m. at the post office.) P. is waiting for M .
Predicate label Ru: ждать
Argument frame Ru: X (ждать) Y -а (сына)
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. и М. договорились встретиться в два часа на почте). П. ждет М .

Abaza [z-]pšə

Valency pattern: ABS_BEN
X: ABS
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
b-s-zə-m-pšə́-n
2 sg . f . abs -1 sg . io - ben - neg -wait- neg . imp
‘Don’t wait for me!’

Aghul ʁuz.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
aslan meʜemed.i-q-tːi ʁuz.u-naa
pn pn - post - lat stop. pf - prf
‘Aslan is waiting for Muhammad.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xaməl

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
yala bəxmal=əl +al švav-u
boy( m ) wait. prog =3 m on neighbour( m )- p .3 m
‘The boy is waiting for his neighbor.’

Brazilian Portuguese esperar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro está esper-ando Miguel
pn ( m ) cop _ prog .3 sg . prs wait- prog pn ( m )
‘Pedro is waiting for Miguel.’

Catalan esperar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere està esper-ant en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) be.3 sg . prs . ind wait- ger def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere is waiting for Marc.’

Czech čekat

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr čeká na Michal-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] wait( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr is waiting for Michal.’

Danish vente

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Peter vente-r Marie
pn wait- prs on pn
‘Peter is waiting for Marie.’

Dutch wachten

Valency pattern: SBJ_op
X: SBJ
Y: op
Locus: Y
Piet wacht op Marie
pn (С) wait.3 sg on pn (С)
‘Piet is waiting for Marie.’

Estonian ootama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter oota-b Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom wait- prs .3 sg pn - sg . part
‘Peeter is waiting for Maret.’

Finnish odottaa

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka odott-aa Matti-a
pn . nom wait- prs .3 sg pn - part
‘Pekka is waiting for Matti’

Forest Enets ɔte

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛ-da ɔtee
i man- nom . sg .1 sg woman- obl . sg .3 sg wait( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend is waiting for his wife’.

German warten

Valency pattern: NOM_aufACC
X: NOM
Y: aufACC
Locus: Y
Karl warte-t auf Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] wait- prs .3 sg on pn [ acc . sg ]
‘Karl is waiting for Marie.’

Italian aspettare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo aspett-a Maria
pn ( m ) wait-3 sg . prs pn ( f )
‘Leo is waiting for Maria.’

Kazakh tos

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-nï tos-ïp tur
pn pn - acc wait- cvb stand.3 sg
‘Petya is waiting for Masha.’

Kazym Khanty λawǝλti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en maša-j-ǝλ λawǝλ-λ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .3 sg wait- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’

Latin maneo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui nud-us atque inerm-is host-em mane-a-t
which. nom . sg naked- nom . sg . m and_also unarmed- nom . sg enemy( m )- acc . sg wait- prs . sbjv - act .3 sg
‘That who expected the enemy unarmed and defenceless.’
Note: (Liv. X, 35, 10)

Modern Hebrew meχake

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas meχake le Menaχem
pn wait[ ptcp . sg . m ] to pn
‘Pinchas is waiting for Menachem.’

Nanai xalači-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia Maša-wa xala.či-ni
pn pn - obl wait. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia is waiting for Masha.’

Nivkh ŋarməd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik Ajsana + ŋarmə-d
pn pn + wait- ind
‘Kaskazik is waiting for Ajsana.’

Norwegian Bokmål å vente

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per vente-r Ola
pn wait- prs on pn
‘Per is waiting for Ola.’

Polish czekać

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Basi-a czeka na kuzynk-ę
pn - nom . sg wait: ipfv . prs .3 sg on cousin- acc . sg
‘Basia is waiting for her cousin.’

Russian ždatʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja žd-et Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg wait( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’

Rutul güzet haɁara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a ramazan güzet haɁa-r=a
pn - erg pn ( nom ) wait 1.do. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul is waiting for Ramazan.’

Serbian čeka

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar čeka Marij-u
pn . nom . sg ждать. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Петар ждет Марию.’

Shughni nīstow

Valency pattern: NOM_PREP.UP
X: NOM
Y: PREP.UP
Locus: Y
Azim pi Lola nūs-č
pn prep . up pn sit. m - pf
‘Azim is waiting for Lola.’

Skolt Saami vueʹrdded

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt vuârdd Määʹrj
pn . sg . nom wait. prs .3 sg pn . sg . acc
‘Pete is waiting for Maria’

Slovenian čakati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Аn-a čaka sestričn-o
pn - nom . sg wait: ipfv . prs .3 sg female_cousin- acc . sg
‘Ana is waiting for her cousin.’

Spanish esperar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro esper-a a María
pn [ sg . m ] wait- prs .3 sg dir . obj . anm pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro is waiting for Maria.’

Swedish att vänta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Björn vänta-r Maja
pn wait- prs on pn
‘Björn is waiting for Maja.’

Turkish beklemek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet Filiz-i bekli-yor
pn pn - acc wait- prs
‘Mehmet is waiting for Filiz.’

Ulcha xalači-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
xusə piktə əktə piktə-wə xaj-du=nu xalač-i-ni
male child female child- acc what- dat = q wait- prs -3 sg
‘The boy is somewhere waiting for the girl.’

Zilo Andi tʃ’on

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
pat’imati marjam-ʔo tʃ’on
pn [ f ][ nom ] pn [ f ]- super . lat stand_waiting. pst ( aor )
‘Patimat is waiting for Mariam.’