‘trust’
Argument frame: |
X
(trust)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. and M. have a happy family. M. never deceives P.)
P.
trusts
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
доверять
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(доверять)
Y
-у
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(У П. и М. дружная семья, М. никогда не обманывает П.)
П.
доверяет
М
.
|
Abaza
[z-]qa-c̣a
Valency pattern:
ERG_BEN
|
X: ERG |
Y: BEN |
Locus: Y |
fatíma |
murád |
jə-z-qá-l-c̣-əj-ṭ |
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-
ben
-
loc
-3
sg
.
f
.
erg
-believe-
prs
-
dcl
|
‘Fatima trusts Murad.’ |
Aghul
quχ.a-
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST
|
X: ABS |
Y: POST |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
uč.i-n |
čːučːu-q |
quχ.a-a |
pn
|
self-
gen
|
brother-
post
|
believe.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan trusts his brother.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
avə +ərxay
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bi |
Locus: Y |
+avvo |
naša |
+ərxay=ələ |
bi |
baxt-u |
dem
3.
m
|
person(
m
)
|
secure=3
m
|
with
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘This man trusts his wife.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate, avə is 'to be'. +ərxay is a dialect realization of +arxayən. |
Brazilian Portuguese
confiar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_em
|
X: SBJ |
Y: em |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
confi-a |
em |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
trust-3
sg
.
prs
|
in
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’ |
Catalan
confiar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_en
|
X: SBJ |
Y: en |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
confi-a |
en |
la |
Maria |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
trust-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
in
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pere trusts Maria.’ |
Czech
věřit
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
věří |
Michal-ovi |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
trust(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petr trusts Michal.’ |
Danish
stole
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
stole-r |
på |
Marie |
pn
|
rely-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Peter trusts Marie.’ |
Dutch
vertrouwen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
vertrouw-t |
Marie |
pn
(
c
)
|
trust-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
‘Piet trusts Marie.’ |
Estonian
usaldama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
usalda-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
trust-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter trusts Maret.’ |
Finnish
luottaa
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ILL |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
luott-aa |
Matti-in |
pn
.
nom
|
trust-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
ill
|
‘Pekka trusts Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲeɔdur
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛ-xo-da |
dʲeɔduŋa |
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
woman-
dat
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
trust(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend trusts his wife’. |
German
vertrauen
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
vertrau-t |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
trust-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl trusts Marie.’ |
Italian
fidarsi
Valency pattern:
SBJ_di
|
X: SBJ |
Y: di |
Locus: Y |
Leo |
si |
fid-a |
di |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
trust-3
sg
.
prs
|
of
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo trusts Maria.’ |
Kazakh
sen
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
Maša-ɣa |
sen-edі |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
trust-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya trusts Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ewǝλti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-en-a |
ewǝλ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
-
dat
|
believe.
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja trusts Maša.’ |
Latin
fido
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
ut |
nec |
duc-i |
milit-es, |
nec |
milit-ibus |
dux |
satis |
fide-re-t |
conj
|
and_not
|
general(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
soldier(
m
)-
dat
.
pl
|
and_not
|
soldier(
m
)-
dat
.
pl
|
general(
m
).
nom
.
sg
|
enough
|
trust-
ipfv
.
sbjv
-
act
.3
sg
|
‘... when neither the soldiers trust the general, nor the general suffieciently relied on the soldiers.’ |
Note: (Liv. X, 18, 6) |
Modern Hebrew
someχ
Valency pattern:
SBJ_al
|
X: SBJ |
Y: al |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
someχ |
al |
Menaχem |
pn
|
trust[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas trusts Menachem.’ |
Nanai
agdača-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
Maša-wə |
agda-ča-j-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
believe-
res
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia trusts Masha.’ |
Nivkh
jaχtt
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DAT/ADD |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana-rоχ |
j-aχt-t |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
add
|
3
sg
-trust-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik trusts Ajsana.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å stole på
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
stole-r |
på |
Kari |
pn
|
trust-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Per trusts Kari.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device). |
Polish
ufać
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Michał |
ufa |
Janas-owi |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
trust:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Michał trusts Janas.’ |
Russian
doverjatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
doverja-et |
Maš-e |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
trust(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petja trusts Maša.’ |
Rutul
ilamiš riɁi
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUP |
Locus: Y |
madina |
ilamiš |
r-iɁi |
ǯi-dɨ |
χɨnχ-ɨ |
pn
(
nom
)
|
trust
|
2-
cop
|
self-
attr
|
child-
obl
(
sup
)
|
‘Madina trusts her child.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Serbian
ima poverenje
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: uACC |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
ima |
poverenj-e |
u |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
иметь.
prs
.3
sg
|
доверие-
acc
.
sg
|
в
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар доверяет Марии.’ |
Shughni
bowar δêdow1
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: LAT |
Locus: Y |
Ahmed |
Saida-ra |
bowari |
δī-d |
pn
|
pn
-
lat
|
trust
|
give-3
sg
|
‘Ahmed trusts Saida.’ |
Skolt Saami
naʹddjõõttâd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
naʹddjââtt |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
trust.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete trusts Maria’ |
Slovenian
zaupati
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
zaupa |
An-i |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
trust:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
.
f
|
‘Peter trusts Ana.’ |
Spanish
confiar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_en
|
X: SBJ |
Y: en |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
confí-a |
en |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
trust-
prs
.3
sg
|
in
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’ |
Swedish
att lita
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
lita-r |
på |
Maja |
pn
|
trust-
prs
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Björn trusts Maja.’ |
Note: For some speakers, lita på is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb. |
Turkish
güvenmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
güven-iyor |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
trust-
prs
|
‘Mehmet trusts Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
agdi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: LAT |
Locus: Y |
əńi-n |
mə̄n |
piktə-ti |
agd-i-ni |
mother-3
sg
|
self
|
child-
lat
|
believe-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Mother trusts her child.’ |
Zilo Andi
buʒ.u-rado
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER.LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUPER.LAT |
Locus: Y |
pat’imati |
buʒ.u-rado |
marjam-ʔo |
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
believe.
pst
-
prog
|
pn
-
super
.
lat
|
‘Patimat trusts Mariam.’ |