BivalTyp

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‘trust’

Argument frame:

X (trust) Y

Stimulus sentence:

(P. and M. have a happy family. M. never deceives P.) P. trusts M .

Predicate label Ru:

доверять

Argument frame Ru:

X (доверять) Y -у

Stimulus sentence Ru:

(У П. и М. дружная семья, М. никогда не обманывает П.) П. доверяет М .

Abaza [z-]qa-c̣a

Valency pattern: ERG_BEN

X: ERG

Y: BEN

Locus: Y

fatíma	murád	jə-z-qá-l-c̣-əj-ṭ
pn	pn	3 sg . m . io - ben - loc -3 sg . f . erg -believe- prs - dcl
‘Fatima trusts Murad.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) cəhe fe-ṣ̂ə

Valency pattern: ERG_BEN

X: ERG

Y: BEN

Locus: Y

č̣ʼale-m	pŝaŝe-m	cəhe	f-j-e-ṣ̂ə
guy- obl	girl- obl	trust	ben -3 sg . erg - dyn -do
‘The girl trusts the guy.’

Aghul quχ.a-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST

X: ABS

Y: POST

Locus: Y

aslan	uč.i-n	čːučːu-q	quχ.a-a
pn	self- gen	brother- post	believe. ipf - prs
‘Aslan trusts his brother.’

Akhvakh (Northern) bužuruƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

pataħi	madina-ga	buž-iri
pn	pn - lat	believe- ipf 3
‘Patahi trusts Madina.’

Andi (Zilo) buʒ.u-rado

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT

X: NOM

Y: SUPER.LAT

Locus: Y

pat’imati	buʒ.u-rado	marjam-ʔo
pn [ f ][ nom ]	believe. pst - prog	pn - super . lat
‘Patimat trusts Mariam.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) ṯaq

Valency pattern: SBJ_b

X: SBJ

Y: b

Locus: Y

Aḥmad	yiṯəq	b	Salwa
pn	trust. ipf .3 m	in	s alwa
‘Ahmad trusts Salwa.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) w.ṯ.q

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi

X: SBJ

Y: bi

Locus: Y

Reem	btiwṯaq	bi-Shadi
pn	trust. prs .3 f . sg	in- pn
‘Reem trusts Shadi.’

Arabic (standard) waṯiqa

Valency pattern: NOM_biGEN

X: NOM

Y: biGEN

Locus: Y

Salwā	taṯiqu	b=Aḥmad-a
pn . nom	trust. ipf .3 f	by= pn - gen
‘Salwa trusts Ahmad’

Archi wiχ

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP

X: NOM

Y: SUP

Locus: Y

paša	marin-ni-t	wiχ
pn	pn - obl - sup	be.trusting
‘Pasha trusts Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (stative).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic avə +ərxay

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi

X: SBJ

Y: bi

Locus: Y

+avvo	naša	+ərxay=ələ	bi	baxt-u
dem 3. m	person( m )	secure=3 m	with	woman( f )- p .3 m
‘This man trusts his wife.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, avə is 'to be'. +ərxay is a dialect realization of +arxayən.

Avar božize

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

ʕali	bož-ula	marjam-i-da
pn	trust- ipf	pn - obl - loc
‘Ali trusts Marjam.’

Azerbaijani etibar etmək

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT

X: NOM

Y: DATLAT

Locus: Y

Aslan	Leyla-ya	etibar	ed-ir
pn	pn - dat / lat	trust	do- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan trusts Leyla.’

Bafut bíì

Valency pattern: SBJ_nu

X: SBJ

Y: nu

Locus: Y

àmbɛ́	à	bíí-nᵼ̀	nú	sùù
pn	sm	agree- ipfv	body/ prep	pn
‘Ambe trusts Suh.’

Bambara dá

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	dá-len	bɛ́	Fántà	lá
pn	lie.down- ptcp . res	be	pn	in
‘Seku trusts Fanta.’

Belarusian daviarać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Alieś	daviara-je	Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ]	trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	pn - dat . sg
‘Ales trusts Alena.’

Budugh eħtiba'r süʔü

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

aslan-ır	leyla'	eħtiba'r	süʔü-rü
pn - erg	pn ( loc )	trust( a )	a .do. ipf - prs
‘Aslan trusts Leyla.’

Bulgarian имам доверие

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)

X: SBJ

Y: DAT(na)

Locus: Y

Петър	има	доверие	на	Мария
pn	have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	trust	on	pn
‘Petar trusts Maria.’

Catalan confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_en

X: SBJ

Y: en

Locus: Y

en	Pere	confi-a	en	la	Maria
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	trust-3 sg . prs . ind	in	def . sg . f	pn ( f )
‘Pere trusts Maria.’

Chechen tiesha

Valency pattern: ABS_LAT

X: ABS

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

Islam	Madina-x	tiesha
pn . abs	pn - lat	believe. prs
‘Islam trusts Madina.’

Chinese (Mandarin) xìnrèn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	xìnrèn	Lǐsì
pn	trust	pn
‘Zhangsan trusts Lisi.’

Chirag iχtibar ke-b-išːi

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

ʡa̰li-le	cin-na	xadi-l-i	iχtibar	ke-b-irxː-le
pn - erg	self. sg - gen	wife- obl - super	permission( abs )	down - n . sg -put: pf - dur . prs .3
‘Ali trusts his wife.’

Croatian imati povjerenja

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC

X: NOM

Y: uACC

Locus: Y

Per-o	ima	povjerenj-a	u	Marij-u
pn - nom . sg	have. prs .3 sg	trust- gen . sg	in	pn - acc . sg
‘Pero trusts Marija.’

Czech věřit

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petr	věří	Michal-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	trust( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	pn ( m )- dat . sg
‘Petr trusts Michal.’

Danish stole

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa

X: SBJ

Y: pa

Locus: Y

Peter	stole-r	på	Marie
pn	rely- prs	on	pn
‘Peter trusts Marie.’

Dargwa (Itsari) či-B-iχː-araj

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPLAT

X: ABS

Y: SUPLAT

Locus: Y

Islam	Madina-li-j	či-w-iχː-a=ca-w
pn ( abs )	pn - obl - super ( lat )	on - m -believe. ipfv - prs = cop - m
‘Islam trusts Madina.’

Dargwa (Kadar) mar-CL-uh-es / mar-CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER

X: NOM

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

meħamad	mar-0-ur-ar	ʡaˤšura-ke
pn	true- m -become. ipfv - th	pn - super
‘Muhammad trusts Ashura.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) inaldi vihara

Valency pattern: GEN_DATLAT

X: GEN

Y: DATLAT

Locus: XY

Petja-la	Maša-j	inaldi	bi
pn - gen	pn - datlat	trusting	exst . n
‘Petja trusts Misha.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

atːa	w-iχː-ul=saw	sin-na	gal-i
father	m -trust. ipfv - cnv . prog = cop . m (3)	refl . obl - gen	boy- dat
‘The boy trusts his friend.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) irχ k-až-iz/k-arž-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER(LAT)

X: NOM

Y: SUPER(LAT)

Locus: Y

tːutːeš	sune-la	uršːi-jaˤ	irχ	k-arg-u
father	refl . obl - gen	boy- super ( lat )	belief	down -put. ipfv -3 hab . prs
‘The father trusts his son.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) če-b-b-iχː-i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ESS

X: NOM

Y: SUPER.ESS

Locus: Y

durħaˤ-li-ge-w	tatːi	če-w-w-iχː-uˤle=caj
boy- obl - super - m . ess	father	on - m . ess - m -keep. ipfv - cnv . prog = cop : m (3)
‘The father trusts his son.’

Dutch vertrouwen

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	vertrouw-t	Marie
pn ( c )	trust-3 sg	pn ( c )
‘Piet trusts Marie.’

Enets (Forest) dʲeɔdur

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

kasa-jʔ	nɛ-xo-da	dʲeɔduŋa
man- nom . sg .1 sg	woman- dat . sg - obl . sg .3 sg	trust( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend trusts his wife’.

English trust

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	trusts	Mary.

Estonian usaldama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Peeter	usalda-b	Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom	trust- prs .3 sg	pn - sg . part
‘Peeter trusts Maret.’

Finnish luottaa

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL

X: NOM

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Pekka	luott-aa	Matti-in
pn . nom	trust- prs .3 sg	pn - ill
‘Pekka trusts Matti.’

French faire confiance

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Paul	fait	confiance	à	Marie
pn ( m )	make. prs .3 sg	trust( f )	to	pn ( f )
‘Paul trusts Marie.’

Gban gbí kpɔ̋

Valency pattern: SBJ_ye

X: SBJ

Y: ye

Locus: Y

Zá̰	∅	gbí	kpɔ́	Mɔ̰̈bì	yɛ̋
pn	3 sg	breast	ipfv \spread	pn	with
‘Zan trusts Monbi.’

Georgian Ø-e-nd-ob-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

p'et're-Ø	mašo-s	Ø-e-nd-ob-a
pn - nom	pn - dat	io 3- ver : r -trust- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre trusts Masho.’

German vertrauen

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Karl	vertrau-t	Marie
pn [ nom . sg ]	trust- prs .3 sg	pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl trusts Marie.’

Hebrew (modern) someχ

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	someχ	al	Menaχem
pn	trust[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas trusts Menachem.’

Hindi ṭrasṭ karnā

Valency pattern: ERG_OBLpar

X: ERG

Y: OBLpar

Locus: Y

Pratīk	Mohan	par	ṭrasṭ	kar-t-ā	hɛ
pn ( m ). sg . dir	pn ( m ). sg . obl	on	trust	do- ipfv - m . sg	prs .3 sg
‘Prateek trusts Mohan.’

Indonesian (standard) percaya

Valency pattern: SBJ_kepada

X: SBJ

Y: kepada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	percaya	kepada	Siti
pn	believe	for2	pn
‘Ahmad trusts Siti.’

Irish bí muinín

Valency pattern: aige_as

X: aige

Y: as

Locus: XY

Tá	muinín	aige	Pól	as	Mháire.
be. prs	trust	at	pn	from	pn
‘Pól trusts Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian fidarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_di

X: SBJ

Y: di

Locus: Y

Leo	si	fid-a	di	Maria
pn ( m )	refl	trust-3 sg . prs	of	pn ( f )
‘Leo trusts Maria.’

Karata bežwaɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ʕali	marjam-ja	bežu-da
pn	pn - dat	trust- ipf
‘Ali trusts Marjam.’

Kazakh sen

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ɣa	sen-edі
pn	pn - dat	trust- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya trusts Masha.’

Khanty (Kazym) ewǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pet’a-j-en	maša-j-en-a	ewǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat	believe. npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

Khoekhoe ǂgomǃgâ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petru-b	ge	Maria-s-a	ǂgomǃgâ	hâ
pn -3 m . sg	decl	pn -3 f . sg - obl	trust	pfv
‘Peter trusts Maria.’

Khwarshi buža

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER

X: ABS

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

c'aldoq'an	buža-ha	učitel-ƛ'o
pupil	believe- prs	teacher- super
‘The pupil trusts the teacher.’

Kpelle (Guinean) láa

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Pépèe	láa-ì	Hèhee	lá
pn	lie. stat - pred	pn	on2
‘Pepee trusts Hehee.’

Kryz (Alik) ihtibar varic

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

terlan-ir	leyla-ğ	ihtibar	yi-ryu
pn - erg	pn - super	respect( f )	do. ipfv - prs . f
‘Terlan trusts Leyla.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) iʕtibar varic

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

aslan-ir	leyla-ğ	iʕtibar	i-ro
pn - erg	pn - super	trust( f )	do. ipf - prs . f
‘Aslan trusts Leyla.’

Kryz (proper) ehtibar varic

Valency pattern: ERG_APUD

X: ERG

Y: APUD

Locus: Y

aslan-ir	leylox	ehtibar	vi-rü
pn - erg	pn . apud	trust( f )	f .do. ipf - prs . f
‘Aslan trusts Leyla.’

Kumyk inanmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

patimat	musa-ʁa	inan-a
pn	pn - dat	trust-3 sg
‘Patimat trusts Musa.’

Kurdish (Sorani) mitmane bûn

Valency pattern: EXT_be

X: EXT

Y: be

Locus: XY

Hîwa	mitmane=î	be	Perî-î-e
pn	trust=3 sg . pc	to	pn - obl -be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa trusts Pari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) ewl hatin (intr)

Valency pattern: BARE_liOBL

X: BARE

Y: liOBL

Locus: XY

pîrek	ewleyîy-a	wê	li	zilam	di-hat
woman	trust- ez . f	she. obl . f	at	man	prs -come. pfv .3 sg
‘The woman trusted the man.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: GEN_SUP

X: GEN

Y: SUP

Locus: Y

Maħammad	wiχšala	d-ul-la-j	ur	Aˁšura-j
pn	trust	4-do- ipfv - cvb . ipfv	1.be. prs .3 p	pn - sup
‘Mohammad trusts Ashura.’
Note: This structure is binominative because of the TAM form. The verb is transitive.

Latin fido

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ut	nec	duc-i	milit-es,	nec	milit-ibus	dux	satis	fide-re-t
conj	and_not	general( m )- dat . sg	soldier( m )- dat . pl	and_not	soldier( m )- dat . pl	general( m ). nom . sg	enough	trust- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 sg
‘... when neither the soldiers trust the general, nor the general suffieciently relied on the soldiers.’
Note: (Liv. X, 18, 6)

Laz o-nd-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Käzim-i-s	Fatma-Ø	Ø-o-nd-un-Ø
pn - b - dat	pn - nom	io 3- ver : sup -trust- sm - s 3 sg
‘Käzim trusts Fatma.’

Lezgian (Yargun) ixtibarin

Valency pattern: ERG_SUP

X: ERG

Y: SUP

Locus: Y

Sahib-a	Lale-da-l	ixtibar-zva
pn - erg	pn - obl - sup	trust- prs
‎‎‎‘Sahib trusts Lale.’

Macedonian veruva

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)

X: SBJ

Y: DAT(na)

Locus: Y

Petar	ì	veruva	na	Maja
pn	pro .3 sg . f . dat	believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	on	pn
‘Petar trusts Maja.’

Maninka (Eastern) lá

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	lá-nin	Fántà	lá.
pn	lay- ptcp . res	pn	at
‘Seku trusts Fanta.’

Mano láá

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

ŋ́ŋ̀	làà	à	là
1 sg . ipfv	spread: ipfv	3 sg	on
‘I trust him.’

Mansi (Northern) *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Mehweb dirχdeš le-

Valency pattern: GEN_SUPER.LAT

X: GEN

Y: SUPER.LAT

Locus: XY

Islam-la	d-irχ-deš	le-r	Madina-če
pn - gen	npl -believe: ipfv - nmlz	be- npl	pn - super ( lat )
‘Islam trusts Madina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. The controller of the prefixal gender marker on the action nominal is unclear.

Mingrelian Ø-o-nd-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čelo-Ø	anučia-s	Ø-o-nd-u(n)-Ø
pn - nom	pn - dat	io 3- ver : sup -trust- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo trusts Anuchia.’
Note: This verb phrase is a recent calque from Georgian.

Nanai agdača-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	Maša-wə	agda-ča-j-ni
pn	pn - obl	believe- res - npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia trusts Masha.’

Nivkh jaχtt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD

X: SBJ

Y: DAT/ADD

Locus: Y

Kaskazik	Ajsana-rоχ	j-aχt-t
pn	pn - dat / add	3 sg -trust- ind
‘Kaskazik trusts Ajsana.’

Norwegian Bokmål å stole på

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	stole-r	på	Kari
pn	trust- prs	on	pn
‘Per trusts Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device).

Oromo (West Central) amana

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	tolaa	aman-a
pn - nom	pn . abs	trust-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa trusts Tola.’

Persian e'temād dāštan

Valency pattern: NOM_beNOM

X: NOM

Y: beNOM

Locus: Y

ahmad	be	mariam	e'temād	dār-ad
pn	to	pn	trust	have. prs -3 sg
‘Ahmad trusts Mariam.’

Polish ufać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Michał	ufa	Janas-owi
pn [ nom . sg ]	trust: ipfv . prs .3 sg	pn - dat . sg
‘Michał trusts Janas.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_em

X: SBJ

Y: em

Locus: Y

Pedro	confi-a	em	Maria
pn ( m )	trust-3 sg . prs	in	pn ( f )
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’

Romani (Kalderash) paťalpe

Valency pattern: NOM_ande

X: NOM

Y: ande

Locus: Y

o	Murš-a	paťa-l-pe	ande	Marijk-a
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	believe- prs .3 sg - refl	in	pn - nom . sg
‘Murša trusts Marijka.’

Russian doverjatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	doverja-et	Maš-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg	trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

Rutul (Kina) ilamiš riɁi

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP

X: NOM

Y: SUP

Locus: Y

madina	ilamiš	r-iɁi	ǯi-dɨ	χɨnχ-ɨ
pn ( nom )	trust	2- cop	self- attr	child- obl ( sup )
‘Madina trusts her child.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Mukhad) iχtibar vıʔın

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

murad-a	majram-ıı	iχtibar	vaʔa-ra
pn - erg	pn - super	trust( a )	a .do. ipf - hab
‘Murad trusts Majram.’

Rutul (Shinaz) umud v-iši-n

Valency pattern: ATTR_SUPER

X: ATTR

Y: SUPER

Locus: XY

basir-dɨ	hamıʔ	umud	ʁa	peri-j
pn - attr	now	trust( a )	be_on	pn - super
‘Basir trusts Peri.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent.

Rutul (Southern) ixtibar hıʔın

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

murad-a	ayten-aa	ixtibar	haʔa-r
pn - erg	pn - super	faith	( n )do. ipf - prs
‘Murad trusts Ayten.’

Saami (Skolt) naʹddjõõttâd

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	naʹddjââtt	Määʹrj
pn . sg . nom	trust. prs .3 sg	pn . sg . acc
‘Pete trusts Maria’

Serbian imati poverenje

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC

X: NOM

Y: uACC

Locus: Y

Petar	ima	poverenj-e	u	Marij-u
pn . nom . sg	have. prs .3 sg	trust- acc . sg	in	pn - acc . sg
‘Petar trusts Maria.’

Shughni bowar δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM.CL_LAT

X: NOM.CL

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

Ahmed	Saida-ra	bowari	δī-d
pn	pn - lat	trust	give-3 sg
‘Ahmed trusts Saida.’

Slovak dôverovať

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Peter	dôveruje	Mári-i
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	trust( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Peter trusts Maria.’

Slovenian zaupati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Peter	zaupa	An-i
pn [ nom . sg ]	trust: ipfv . prs .3 sg	pn - dat . sg . f
‘Peter trusts Ana.’

Spanish confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_en

X: SBJ

Y: en

Locus: Y

Pedro	confí-a	en	María
pn [ sg . m ]	trust- prs .3 sg	in	pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’

Svan x-e-munden-i (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

maizer-Ø	lile-s	x-e-munden-i
pn - dat	pn - nom	io 3- ver : r -trust- prs
‘Maizer trusts Lile.’

Swedish att lita

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa

X: SBJ

Y: pa

Locus: Y

Björn	lita-r	på	Maja
pn	trust- prs	on	pn
‘Björn trusts Maja.’
Note: For some speakers, lita på is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb.

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: GEN_ABS

X: GEN

Y: ABS

Locus: X

rasul.i-n	maˁhaˁmad.ǯi-in	quʁval	al
pn - gen	pn - super	trust( abs )	(super)be
‘Rasul trusts Mahamad’.
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tagalog magtiwala

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

nag-ti~tiwala	si	Pedro	kay	Maria
av - ipfv ~trust	pers . subj	pn	pers . dat	pn
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’
Note: The GEN encoding of the Y is not possible.

Telugu nammakamu + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_ante

X: DAT

Y: ante

Locus: XY

pravīṇ-ki	madhuri	aṁṭē	nammakamu
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat	pn ( f ). sg . nom	that_is	credit( n ). sg . nom
‘Praveen trusts Madhuri.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tsakhur dalbı qhirzıriy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERLAT

X: NOM

Y: SUPERLAT

Locus: Y

murad-ee	leyla-y-lqha	dalbı	qhiyzar
pn - erg	pn - obl - superlat	support	m .prop. ipf
‘Murad trusts Leyla.’

Tswana ikanya

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

ngw-ana	o-tshwanets-e	go-ikanya	ba-tsadi	ba-gagwe
sg -child(1)	s i :cl1-must. prf - fv	inf -trust	pl -parent(3)	cl2. gen -cl1. pro
‘A child must trust his parents.’

Turkish güvenmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Mehmet	Filiz-e	güven-iyor
pn	pn - dat	trust- prs
‘Mehmet trusts Filiz.’

Turoyo kit- tuxlono

Valency pattern: OBJAGR_b

X: OBJAGR

Y: b

Locus: XY

Gabriyel	kət-le	tuxlono	b	Maryam
pn	exi - ls .3 m	trust	in	pn
‘Gabriyel trusts Maryam.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Twi wᴐ awerɛhyɛm

Valency pattern: SBJ_mu

X: SBJ

Y: mu

Locus: Y

Kofi	wᴐ	nana	mu	awerɛhyɛm
pn	have. prs	grandfather	in	trust
‘Kofi has trust in grandfather.’

Udmurt oski̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Pet'a	Maša-li̮	osk-je
pn . nom	pn - dat	trust- prs .3 sg
‘Petja trusts Masha.’

Ukrainian dovirjaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petr-o	dovirjaj-e	Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg	trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro trusts Mariya.’

Ulcha agdi-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

əńi-n	mə̄n	piktə-ti	agd-i-ni
mother-3 sg	self	child- lat	believe- prs -3 sg
‘Mother trusts her child.’

Uzbek išonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	išon-a-di
pn	pn - dat	believe- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

Wolof wóolu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBJ

Locus: TR

yow	rekk	laa	wóolu
2 sg	only	f oc o / x .s i :1 sg	trust
‘It’s only in you that I trust.’

Yukaghir (Northern) ǝwiǝ=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ	mǝr	ǝwiǝ-m
pn	pn - acc	aff	believe- tr .3 sg
‘Semien trusts Akulina.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

itibar-e	ɛj	bɨ=ajɛ	ɛst=o
trust- ez . m	3 sg . m . obl	by=3 sg . f . obl	exist= cop .3 sg . m
‘He trusts her.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.