BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘trust’

Argument frame: X (trust) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. and M. have a happy family. M. never deceives P.) P. trusts M .
Predicate label Ru: доверять
Argument frame Ru: X (доверять) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (У П. и М. дружная семья, М. никогда не обманывает П.) П. доверяет М .

Abaza [z-]qa-c̣a

Valency pattern: ERG_BEN
X: ERG
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
fatíma murád jə-z-qá-l-c̣-əj-ṭ
pn pn 3 sg . m . io - ben - loc -3 sg . f . erg -believe- prs - dcl
‘Fatima trusts Murad.’

Aghul quχ.a-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST
X: ABS
Y: POST
Locus: Y
aslan uč.i-n čːučːu-q quχ.a-a
pn self- gen brother- post believe. ipf - prs
‘Aslan trusts his brother.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic avə +ərxay

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
+avvo naša +ərxay=ələ bi baxt-u
dem 3. m person( m ) secure=3 m with woman( f )- p .3 m
‘This man trusts his wife.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, avə is 'to be'. +ərxay is a dialect realization of +arxayən.

Brazilian Portuguese confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_em
X: SBJ
Y: em
Locus: Y
Pedro confi-a em Maria
pn ( m ) trust-3 sg . prs in pn ( f )
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’

Catalan confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_en
X: SBJ
Y: en
Locus: Y
en Pere confi-a en la Maria
def . sg . m pn ( m ) trust-3 sg . prs . ind in def . sg . f pn ( f )
‘Pere trusts Maria.’

Czech věřit

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr věří Michal-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] trust( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )- dat . sg
‘Petr trusts Michal.’

Danish stole

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Peter stole-r Marie
pn rely- prs on pn
‘Peter trusts Marie.’

Dutch vertrouwen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet vertrouw-t Marie
pn ( c ) trust-3 sg pn ( c )
‘Piet trusts Marie.’

Estonian usaldama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter usalda-b Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom trust- prs .3 sg pn - sg . part
‘Peeter trusts Maret.’

Finnish luottaa

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pekka luott-aa Matti-in
pn . nom trust- prs .3 sg pn - ill
‘Pekka trusts Matti.’

Forest Enets dʲeɔdur

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
kasa-jʔ nɛ-xo-da dʲeɔduŋa
man- nom . sg .1 sg woman- dat . sg - obl . sg .3 sg trust( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend trusts his wife’.

German vertrauen

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl vertrau-t Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] trust- prs .3 sg pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl trusts Marie.’

Italian fidarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_di
X: SBJ
Y: di
Locus: Y
Leo si fid-a di Maria
pn ( m ) refl trust-3 sg . prs of pn ( f )
‘Leo trusts Maria.’

Kazakh sen

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ɣa sen-edі
pn pn - dat trust- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya trusts Masha.’

Kazym Khanty ewǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en maša-j-en-a ewǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat believe. npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

Latin fido

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ut nec duc-i milit-es, nec milit-ibus dux satis fide-re-t
conj and_not general( m )- dat . sg soldier( m )- dat . pl and_not soldier( m )- dat . pl general( m ). nom . sg enough trust- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 sg
‘... when neither the soldiers trust the general, nor the general suffieciently relied on the soldiers.’
Note: (Liv. X, 18, 6)

Modern Hebrew someχ

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
Pinχas someχ al Menaχem
pn trust[ ptcp . sg . m ] on pn
‘Pinchas trusts Menachem.’

Nanai agdača-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia Maša-wə agda-ča-j-ni
pn pn - obl believe- res - npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia trusts Masha.’

Nivkh jaχtt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik Ajsana-rоχ j-aχt-t
pn pn - dat / add 3 sg -trust- ind
‘Kaskazik trusts Ajsana.’

Norwegian Bokmål å stole på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stole-r Kari
pn trust- prs on pn
‘Per trusts Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb ( is not a flagging device).

Polish ufać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Michał ufa Janas-owi
pn [ nom . sg ] trust: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Michał trusts Janas.’

Russian doverjatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja doverja-et Maš-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

Rutul ilamiš riɁi

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
madina ilamiš r-iɁi ǯi-dɨ χɨnχ-ɨ
pn ( nom ) trust 2- cop self- attr child- obl ( sup )
‘Madina trusts her child.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Serbian ima poverenje

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Petar ima poverenj-e u Marij-u
pn . nom . sg иметь. prs .3 sg доверие- acc . sg в pn - acc . sg
‘Петар доверяет Марии.’

Shughni bowar δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Ahmed Saida-ra bowari δī-d
pn pn - lat trust give-3 sg
‘Ahmed trusts Saida.’

Skolt Saami naʹddjõõttâd

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt naʹddjââtt Määʹrj
pn . sg . nom trust. prs .3 sg pn . sg . acc
‘Pete trusts Maria’

Slovenian zaupati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter zaupa An-i
pn [ nom . sg ] trust: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg . f
‘Peter trusts Ana.’

Spanish confiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_en
X: SBJ
Y: en
Locus: Y
Pedro confí-a en María
pn [ sg . m ] trust- prs .3 sg in pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro trusts Maria.’

Swedish att lita

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Björn lita-r Maja
pn trust- prs on pn
‘Björn trusts Maja.’
Note: For some speakers, lita på is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb.

Turkish güvenmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-e güven-iyor
pn pn - dat trust- prs
‘Mehmet trusts Filiz.’

Ulcha agdi-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
əńi-n mə̄n piktə-ti agd-i-ni
mother-3 sg self child- lat believe- prs -3 sg
‘Mother trusts her child.’

Zilo Andi buʒ.u-rado

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
pat’imati buʒ.u-rado marjam-ʔo
pn [ f ][ nom ] believe. pst - prog pn - super . lat
‘Patimat trusts Mariam.’