‘touch’
Argument frame: |
X
(touch)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(The wall was covered with fresh paint.)
P.
touched
the wall
(and got dirty).
|
Predicate label Ru: |
дотронуться
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(дотрагиваться) до
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Стена недавно была покрашена).
П.
дотронулся до
стены
(и испачкался).
|
Abaza
[χ’ə-]sə
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCxe
|
X: ABS |
Y: LOCxe |
Locus: Y |
rasúl |
a-bɮən |
d-a-χ’ə́-s-ṭ |
pn
|
def
-wall
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
n
.
io
-
loc
-touch(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Rasul touched the wall.’ |
Aghul
kürq’.u-
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
aslan.a-n |
χil |
kürq’.u-ne |
cil.i-k |
pn
-
gen
|
hand
|
{
sub
/
cont
}strike.
pf
-
aor
|
wall-
sub
/
cont
|
‘Aslan touched the wall.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
kayət
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bi |
Locus: Y |
yala |
kət-lə |
bi |
guyda |
boy(
m
)
|
knock.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
with
|
wall(
m
)
|
‘The boy touched the wall.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
encostar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_em
|
X: SBJ |
Y: em |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
encost-ou |
na |
parede |
pn
(
m
)
|
lean-3
sg
.
pst
|
in+
def
.
f
|
wall(
f
)
|
‘Pedro touched the wall.’ |
Catalan
tocar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
toc-ar |
la |
paret |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
touch-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
wall(
f
)
|
‘Pere touched the wall.’ |
Czech
dotknout se
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
se |
dotk-l |
stěn-y |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
touch(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
wall(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petr touched the wall.’ |
Danish
røre
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
rør-te |
vægg-en |
pn
|
touch-
pst
|
wall(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter touched the wall.’ |
Dutch
aanraken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
de |
muur |
aan-ge-raak-t |
pn
(С)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
wall(
c
)
|
pvb
-
ptcp
-touch-
ptcp
|
‘Piet touched the wall.’ |
Estonian
puudutama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
puuduta-s |
seina |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
touch-
pst
.3
sg
|
wall.
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter touched the wall.’ |
Finnish
koskea
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ILL |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
kosk-i |
seinä-än |
pn
.
nom
|
touch-
pst
.3
sg
|
wall-
ill
|
‘Pekka touched the wall.’ |
Forest Enets
tʃurxur
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLdez
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBLdez |
Locus: Y |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
uza-da |
pɛtʃeu |
dʲez |
tʃurxuŋa |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
hand-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
stove.
obl
|
in_the_direction
|
touch(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend touched the stove with his hand’. |
German
berühren
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
berühr-te |
die |
Wand |
und |
wurde |
schmutzig |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
touch-
pst
.3
sg
|
def
.
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
wall[
acc
.
sg
]
|
and
|
become.
pst
.3
sg
|
dirty
|
‘Karl touched the wall and got dirty.’ |
Italian
toccare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
toccato |
il |
mur-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
touch.
pst
.
ptcp
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
wall-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo touched the wall.’ |
Kazakh
tiygiz
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
qabïrɣa-ɣa |
qol-ï-n |
tiygіz-dі |
pn
|
wall-
dat
|
hand-
poss
3-
acc
|
touch-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya touched the wall.’ |
Kazym Khanty
χɔjti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
petr-en |
χɔt |
pitǝr-a |
χɔj-ǝs |
pn
-
poss
.2
sg
|
house
|
wall-
dat
|
touch-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja touched the wall.’ |
Latin
tango
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
(adfin-is) |
post-em-que |
tremebund-a |
man-u |
tetig-it |
kinsman(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
door_post(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
-and
|
trembling-
abl
.
sg
.
f
|
hand(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
touch[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
‘(Kinsman) touched the door-post with a trembling hand.’ |
Note: (Cic. De domo sua. 134, 10) |
Modern Hebrew
naga
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
X: SBJ |
Y: be |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
naga |
ba |
kir |
pn
|
touch[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
in+
def
|
wall
|
‘Pinchas touched the wall.’ |
Nanai
toŋala-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
paǯera-mba |
toŋa.la-xa-ni |
pn
|
wall-
obl
|
touch.
pfv
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia touched the wall.’ |
Nivkh
evd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
patigur̥ |
stеnka |
tamk-ɣir̥ |
vо-d |
pn
|
quietly
|
wall
|
hand-
ins
|
hold-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik touched the wall.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ta
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Per |
tok |
på |
vegg-en |
og |
ble |
flekkete |
pn
|
take.
pst
|
on
|
wall-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
and
|
become.
pst
|
spotted
|
‘Per touched the wall and got dirty.’ |
Polish
dotknąć
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Marek |
dotkną-ł |
ścian-y |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
touch:
pfv
\
pst
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
wall-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Marek touched the wall.’ |
Russian
dotronutʹsja
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: doGEN |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
dotronu-l-sja |
do |
sten-y |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
touch(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]-
refl
|
up_to
|
wall(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petja touched the wall.’ |
Rutul
kiq’ɨr
Valency pattern:
NOM_INTER
|
X: NOM |
Y: INTER |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
masal-ɨ-k |
ki-q’ɨ-r |
pn
(
nom
)
|
wall-
obl
-
inter
|
pv
-1.touch.
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul touched the wall.’ |
Serbian
dodirnuo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
dodirnu-o |
zid |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
дотронуться-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
стена.
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар дотронулся до стены.’ |
Shughni
xu δêdow1
Valency pattern:
NOM_PREP.UP-LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: PREP.UP-LOC |
Locus: Y |
Azim=i |
pi |
burǰ-and |
xu |
δod |
xu |
ɣažd |
sut |
pn
=3
sg
|
prep
.
up
|
wall-
loc
|
refl
|
give.
pst
|
add
|
dirty
|
go.
m
.
pst
|
‘Azim touched the wall and got dirty.’ |
Skolt Saami
kuõskkâd
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ILL |
Locus: Y |
Peâtt |
kuõsk-i |
seinn-a |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
touch.
pst
.3
sg
|
wall-
sg
.
ill
|
‘Pete touched the wall.’ |
Slovenian
dotakniti se
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
se |
je |
dotakni-l |
sten-e |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
aux
.3
sg
|
touch:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
wall-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Peter touched the wall.’ |
Note: Involuntary action is implied. |
Spanish
tocar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
toc-ó |
la |
pared |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
touch-
aor
.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
wall[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro touched the wall.’ |
Swedish
att röra
Valency pattern:
SBJ_vid
|
X: SBJ |
Y: vid |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
rör-de |
vid |
vägg-en |
och |
blev |
kladdig |
pn
|
move-
pst
|
at
|
wall-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
and
|
become.
pst
|
smeared
|
‘Björn touched the wall and got dirty.’ |
Note: For some speakers, röra vid is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb. |
Turkish
dokunmak
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
duvar-a |
dokun-du |
pn
|
wall-
dat
|
touch-
pst
|
‘Mehmet touched the wall.’ |
Ulcha
tunči-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə |
piktə |
ŋāla-ǯi |
qorča-wa |
tunči-xə-ni |
male
|
child
|
hand-
ins
|
wall-
acc
|
touch-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘The boy touched the wall with his hand.’ |
Zilo Andi
reʔa ob.i
Valency pattern:
ERG_SUPER
|
X: ERG |
Y: SUPER |
Locus: Y |
ali-di |
reʔa |
ob.i |
qχ’enno-ʔa |
pn
-
erg
|
hand[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
touch.
pst
(
aor
)
|
wall.
obl
-
super
|
‘Ali touched the wall.’ |