BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘touch’

Argument frame: X (touch) Y
Stimulus sentence: (The wall was covered with fresh paint.) P. touched the wall (and got dirty).
Predicate label Ru: дотронуться
Argument frame Ru: X (дотрагиваться) до Y -а
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Стена недавно была покрашена). П. дотронулся до стены (и испачкался).

Abaza [χ’ə-]sə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCxe
X: ABS
Y: LOCxe
Locus: Y
rasúl a-bɮən d-a-χ’ə́-s-ṭ
pn def -wall 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - loc -touch( aor )- dcl
‘Rasul touched the wall.’

Adyghe ne-sə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOC.TO
X: ABS
Y: LOC.TO
Locus: Y
ŝeweẑəje-r depqə-m ne-sə-ʁ
мальчик- abs стена- obl loc : to -достичь- pst
‘Мальчик дотронулся до стены’

Aghul kürq’.u-

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
aslan.a-n χil kürq’.u-ne cil.i-k
pn - gen hand { sub / cont }strike. pf - aor wall- sub / cont
‘Aslan touched the wall.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic kayət

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
yala kət-lə bi guyda
boy( m ) knock. pst - ls .3 m with wall( m )
‘The boy touched the wall.’

Bambara bólo màga

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù y'í bólo` màga só dɛnɛn` ná
pn pfv . tr . refl hand\ art touch house wall\ art in
‘Seku touched the wall of a house.’

Brazilian Portuguese encostar

Valency pattern: SBJ_em
X: SBJ
Y: em
Locus: Y
Pedro encost-ou na parede
pn ( m ) lean-3 sg . pst in+ def . f wall( f )
‘Pedro touched the wall.’

Catalan tocar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va toc-ar la paret
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind touch- inf def . sg . f wall( f )
‘Pere touched the wall.’

Czech dotknout se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr se dotk-l stěn-y
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] wall( f )- gen . sg
‘Petr touched the wall.’

Danish røre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter rør-te vægg-en
pn touch- pst wall( c )- def . sg
‘Peter touched the wall.’

Dutch aanraken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de muur aan-ge-raak-t
pn (С) have.3 sg art . def . c wall( c ) pvb - ptcp -touch- ptcp
‘Piet touched the wall.’

Eastern Maninka bólo màa

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù kà à bólo` màa dàndan` ná.
pn aor . tr 3 sg hand\ art touch wall\ art at
‘Seku touched the wall.’

English touch

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter touched the wall.

Estonian puudutama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter puuduta-s seina
pn . sg . nom touch- pst .3 sg wall. sg . part
‘Peeter touched the wall.’

Finnish koskea

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pekka kosk-i seinä-än
pn . nom touch- pst .3 sg wall- ill
‘Pekka touched the wall.’

Forest Enets tʃurxur

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLdez
X: NOM
Y: OBLdez
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ uza-da pɛtʃeu dʲez tʃurxuŋa
i man- nom . sg .1 sg hand- obl . sg .3 sg stove. obl in_the_direction touch( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend touched the stove with his hand’.

French toucher

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a touché le mur
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg touch. pst . ptcp . m def . sg . m wall( m )
‘Paul touched the wall.’

Georgian še-Ø-e-x-eb-a (PRS/FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø k'edel-s še-Ø-e-x-o
pn - nom wall- dat prv :inward- io 3- ver : r -touch- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre touched the wall.’

German berühren

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl berühr-te die Wand und wurde schmutzig
pn [ nom . sg ] touch- pst .3 sg def . f . acc . sg wall[ acc . sg ] and become. pst .3 sg dirty
‘Karl touched the wall and got dirty.’

Irish buail

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Do=bhuail Pól an fala.
pst =touch pn def wall
‘Pól touched the wall.’

Italian toccare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha toccato il mur-o
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs touch. pst . ptcp def . sg . m wall- sg . m
‘Leo touched the wall.’

Kalderash Romani azbal

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
o Murš-a azba-ď-a o zyd-o
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg touch- pst -3 sg art . m . dir . sg wall- acc . sg
‘Murša touched the wall.’

Kazakh tiygiz

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya qabïrɣa-ɣa qol-ï-n tiygіz-dі
pn wall- dat hand- poss 3- acc touch- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya touched the wall.’

Kazym Khanty χɔjti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
petr-en χɔt pitǝr-a χɔj-ǝs
pn - poss .2 sg house wall- dat touch- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja touched the wall.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT
X: ERG
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
šamil-i qado-qo gud j-etaχ-χa
pn - erg стена( v )- cont рубашка( v ) ( v )-коснуться- pst . w
‘Шамиль задел рубашкой о стену.’
Note: The sentence is equally grammatical without “gud” ‘shirt’.

Kina Rutul kiq’ɨr

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER
X: NOM
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
rasul masal-ɨ-k ki-q’ɨ-r
pn ( nom ) wall- obl - inter pv -1.touch. pfv - cvb
‘Rasul touched the wall.’

Latin tango

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(adfin-is) post-em-que tremebund-a man-u tetig-it
kinsman( m )- nom . sg door_post( m )- acc . sg -and trembling- abl . sg . f hand( f )- abl . sg touch[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Kinsman) touched the door-post with a trembling hand.’
Note: (Cic. De domo sua. 134, 10)

Mandarin Chinese mō

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān mō le yīxià qiángbì
pn touch pfv once wall
‘Zhangsan touched the wall once.’

Mingrelian še-Ø-x-eb-un-Ø (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-k k'idala-s še-Ø-e-x-u.
pn - erg wall- dat prv - io 3- ver : r -touch- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo touched the wall.’
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew naga

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
Pinχas naga ba kir
pn touch[ pst .3 sg . m ] in+ def wall
‘Pinchas touched the wall.’

Nanai toŋala-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia paǯera-mba toŋa.la-xa-ni
pn wall- obl touch. pfv - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia touched the wall.’

Nivkh evd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik patigur̥ stеnka tamk-ɣir̥ vо-d
pn quietly wall hand- ins hold- ind
‘Kaskazik touched the wall.’

Northern Mansi nowxatas

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
āji-riɕ kūt’uw-na now-xat-as
girl- dim dog- lat touch- refl - pst .3 sg
‘The girl (accidently) touched the dog.’

Northern Yukaghir aɣaj=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn stjenǝ-lǝ аɣа-j-mǝ-lǝ
pn wall- acc touch- pf - tr - of .3 sg
‘Semien touched the wall.’

Norwegian Bokmål å ta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per tok på vegg-en og ble flekkete
pn take. pst on wall- def . m . sg and become. pst spotted
‘Per touched the wall and got dirty.’

Polish dotknąć

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Marek dotkną-ł ścian-y
pn [ nom . sg ] touch: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] wall- gen . sg
‘Marek touched the wall.’

Russian dotronutʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja dotronu-l-sja do sten-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl up_to wall( f )- gen . sg
‘Petja touched the wall.’

Serbian dodirnuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je dodirnu-o zid
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg touch- part . perf . m . sg wall. acc . sg
‘Petar touched the wall.’

Shughni xu δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_PREP.UP-LOC
X: NOM
Y: PREP.UP-LOC
Locus: Y
Azim=i pi burǰ-and xu δod xu ɣažd sut
pn =3 sg prep . up wall- loc refl give. pst add dirty go. m . pst
‘Azim touched the wall and got dirty.’

Skolt Saami kuõskkâd

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt kuõsk-i seinn-a
pn . sg . nom touch. pst .3 sg wall- sg . ill
‘Pete touched the wall.’

Slovak dotknúť sa

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Peter sa dotko-l sten-y
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] wall( f )- gen . sg
‘Peter touched the wall.’

Slovenian dotakniti se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Peter se je dotakni-l sten-e
pn [ nom . sg ] rfl aux .3 sg touch: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] wall- gen . sg
‘Peter touched the wall.’
Note: Involuntary action is implied.

Sorani Kurdish dest lêdan

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Hîwa dest=î le dîwar-eke da-Ø
pn hand=3 sg . pc from wall- def give. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa touched the wall.’
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense.

Spanish tocar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro toc-ó la pared
pn [ sg . m ] touch- aor .3 sg art . def . sg . f wall[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro touched the wall.’

Swedish att röra

Valency pattern: SBJ_vid
X: SBJ
Y: vid
Locus: Y
Björn rör-de vid vägg-en och blev kladdig
pn move- pst at wall- def . c . sg and become. pst smeared
‘Björn touched the wall and got dirty.’
Note: For some speakers, röra vid is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb.

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
H<in>awak-an ni Pedro ang pader
< pv > pfv -touch- lv pers . gen pn subj wall
‘Pedro touched the wall.’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? Alternative is the POTPV-LV construction with the ACT_LOC (???) pattern: “Na-hawak-an ni Pedro ang pader” [POTPV.PFV-touch-LV PERS.GEN PN SUBJ wall] ‘Pedro touched the wall.’

Telugu muṭṭukōnu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pravīṇ goḍa-ni muṭṭukunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom wall( n ). sg . obl - acc touch. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen touched the wall.’

Turkish dokunmak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet duvar-a dokun-du
pn wall- dat touch- pst
‘Mehmet touched the wall.’

Ulcha tunči-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
xusə piktə ŋāla-ǯi qorča-wa tunči-xə-ni
male child hand- ins wall- acc touch- pst -3 sg
‘The boy touched the wall with his hand.’

Uzbek ušlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya devor-ni ušla-b ol-di
pn wall- acc touch- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja touched the wall.’

West Central Oromo itti buʔa

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
obsaa-n keeɲɲan-itti buʔ-e
pn - nom wall- loc strike-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa touched the wall.’

Zilo Andi reʔa ob.i

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER
X: ERG
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
ali-di reʔa ob.i qχ’enno-ʔa
pn - erg hand[ inan 2][ nom ] touch. pst ( aor ) wall. obl - super
‘Ali touched the wall.’