‘touch’
| Argument frame: | X (touch) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (The wall was covered with fresh paint.) P. touched the wall (and got dirty). |
| Predicate label Ru: | дотронуться |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (дотрагиваться) до Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (Стена недавно была покрашена). П. дотронулся до стены (и испачкался). |
Abaza [χ’ə-]sə
| Valency pattern: ABS_LOCxe |
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCxe |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl | a-bɮən | d-a-χ’ə́-s-ṭ |
| pn | def -wall | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - loc -touch( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Rasul touched the wall.’ | ||
Aghul kürq’.u-
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| aslan.a-n | χil | kürq’.u-ne | cil.i-k |
| pn - gen | hand | { sub / cont }strike. pf - aor | wall- sub / cont |
| ‘Aslan touched the wall.’ | |||
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic kayət
| Valency pattern: SBJ_bi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bi |
| Locus: Y |
| yala | kət-lə | bi | guyda |
| boy( m ) | knock. pst - ls .3 m | with | wall( m ) |
| ‘The boy touched the wall.’ | |||
Brazilian Portuguese encostar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | encost-ou | na | parede |
| pn ( m ) | lean-3 sg . pst | in+ def . f | wall( f ) |
| ‘Pedro touched the wall.’ | |||
Catalan tocar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | toc-ar | la | paret |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | touch- inf | def . sg . f | wall( f ) |
| ‘Pere touched the wall.’ | |||||
Czech dotknout se
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | se | dotk-l | stěn-y |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | refl . acc | touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | wall( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petr touched the wall.’ | |||
Danish røre
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | rør-te | vægg-en |
| pn | touch- pst | wall( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter touched the wall.’ | ||
Dutch aanraken
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | de | muur | aan-ge-raak-t |
| pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . def . c | wall( c ) | pvb - ptcp -touch- ptcp |
| ‘Piet touched the wall.’ | ||||
Estonian puudutama
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | puuduta-s | seina |
| pn . sg . nom | touch- pst .3 sg | wall. sg . part |
| ‘Peeter touched the wall.’ | ||
Finnish koskea
| Valency pattern: NOM_ILL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | kosk-i | seinä-än |
| pn . nom | touch- pst .3 sg | wall- ill |
| ‘Pekka touched the wall.’ | ||
Forest Enets tʃurxur
| Valency pattern: NOM_OBLdez |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBLdez |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | uza-da | pɛtʃeu | dʲez | tʃurxuŋa |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | hand- obl . sg .3 sg | stove. obl | in_the_direction | touch( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend touched the stove with his hand’. | |||||
German berühren
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | berühr-te | die | Wand | und | wurde | schmutzig |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | touch- pst .3 sg | def . f . acc . sg | wall[ acc . sg ] | and | become. pst .3 sg | dirty |
| ‘Karl touched the wall and got dirty.’ | ||||||
Italian toccare
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | toccato | il | mur-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | touch. pst . ptcp | def . sg . m | wall- sg . m |
| ‘Leo touched the wall.’ | ||||
Kazakh tiygiz
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | qabïrɣa-ɣa | qol-ï-n | tiygіz-dі |
| pn | wall- dat | hand- poss 3- acc | touch- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya touched the wall.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty χɔjti
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| petr-en | χɔt | pitǝr-a | χɔj-ǝs |
| pn - poss .2 sg | house | wall- dat | touch- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja touched the wall.’ | |||
Latin tango
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (adfin-is) | post-em-que | tremebund-a | man-u | tetig-it |
| kinsman( m )- nom . sg | door_post( m )- acc . sg -and | trembling- abl . sg . f | hand( f )- abl . sg | touch[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg |
| ‘(Kinsman) touched the door-post with a trembling hand.’ | ||||
| Note: (Cic. De domo sua. 134, 10) | ||||
Modern Hebrew naga
| Valency pattern: SBJ_be |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | naga | ba | kir |
| pn | touch[ pst .3 sg . m ] | in+ def | wall |
| ‘Pinchas touched the wall.’ | |||
Nanai toŋala-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | paǯera-mba | toŋa.la-xa-ni |
| pn | wall- obl | touch. pfv - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia touched the wall.’ | ||
Nivkh evd
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | patigur̥ | stеnka | tamk-ɣir̥ | vо-d |
| pn | quietly | wall | hand- ins | hold- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik touched the wall.’ | ||||
Norwegian Bokmål å ta
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | tok | på | vegg-en | og | ble | flekkete |
| pn | take. pst | on | wall- def . m . sg | and | become. pst | spotted |
| ‘Per touched the wall and got dirty.’ | ||||||
Polish dotknąć
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Marek | dotkną-ł | ścian-y |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | touch: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] | wall- gen . sg |
| ‘Marek touched the wall.’ | ||
Russian dotronutʹsja
| Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | dotronu-l-sja | do | sten-y |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl | up_to | wall( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja touched the wall.’ | |||
Rutul kiq’ɨr
| Valency pattern: NOM_INTER |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul | masal-ɨ-k | ki-q’ɨ-r |
| pn ( nom ) | wall- obl - inter | pv -1.touch. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul touched the wall.’ | ||
Serbian dodirnuo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | dodirnu-o | zid |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | дотронуться- part . perf . m . sg | стена. acc . sg |
| ‘Петар дотронулся до стены.’ | |||
Shughni xu δêdow1
| Valency pattern: NOM_PREP.UP-LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PREP.UP-LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim=i | pi | burǰ-and | xu | δod | xu | ɣažd | sut |
| pn =3 sg | prep . up | wall- loc | refl | give. pst | add | dirty | go. m . pst |
| ‘Azim touched the wall and got dirty.’ | |||||||
Skolt Saami kuõskkâd
| Valency pattern: NOM_ILL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | kuõsk-i | seinn-a |
| pn . sg . nom | touch. pst .3 sg | wall- sg . ill |
| ‘Pete touched the wall.’ | ||
Slovenian dotakniti se
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | se | je | dotakni-l | sten-e |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | rfl | aux .3 sg | touch: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | wall- gen . sg |
| ‘Peter touched the wall.’ | ||||
| Note: Involuntary action is implied. | ||||
Spanish tocar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | toc-ó | la | pared |
| pn [ sg . m ] | touch- aor .3 sg | art . def . sg . f | wall[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro touched the wall.’ | |||
Swedish att röra
| Valency pattern: SBJ_vid |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: vid |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | rör-de | vid | vägg-en | och | blev | kladdig |
| pn | move- pst | at | wall- def . c . sg | and | become. pst | smeared |
| ‘Björn touched the wall and got dirty.’ | ||||||
| Note: For some speakers, röra vid is rather a (transitive) phrasal verb. | ||||||
Turkish dokunmak
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | duvar-a | dokun-du |
| pn | wall- dat | touch- pst |
| ‘Mehmet touched the wall.’ | ||
Ulcha tunči-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| xusə | piktə | ŋāla-ǯi | qorča-wa | tunči-xə-ni |
| male | child | hand- ins | wall- acc | touch- pst -3 sg |
| ‘The boy touched the wall with his hand.’ | ||||
Zilo Andi reʔa ob.i
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| ali-di | reʔa | ob.i | qχ’enno-ʔa |
| pn - erg | hand[ inan 2][ nom ] | touch. pst ( aor ) | wall. obl - super |
| ‘Ali touched the wall.’ | |||