‘think’
| Argument frame: | X (think) about Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P. has a thoughtful look.) P. is thinking about M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | думать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (думать) об Y -е (об отце) |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (У П. задумчивый вид). П. думает о М . |
Abaza [z-]qʷəc
| Valency pattern: ABS_BEN |
| X: ABS |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| murad | fatima | d-lə-z-qʷə́c-əj-ṭ |
| pn | pn | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io - ben -think- prs - dcl |
| ‘Murad is thinking about Fatima.’ | ||
Aghul fikir q’.a-
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUBCONT.ELAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUBCONT.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | meʜemed.i-k-as | fikir | q’.a-a |
| pn ( erg ) | pn - sub / cont - elat | thought | do. ipf - prs |
| ‘Aslan is thinking about Muhammad.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic taxmən
| Valency pattern: SBJ_bar |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bar |
| Locus: Y |
| naša | taxmun=əl | +bar | baxt-u |
| person( m ) | think. prog =3 m | after | woman( f )- p .3 m |
| ‘The man is thinking about his wife.’ | |||
Brazilian Portuguese pensar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | pens-a | em | Miguel |
| pn ( m ) | think-3 sg . prs | in | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pedro is thinking about Miguel.’ | |||
Catalan pensar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_en |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: en |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | està | pens-ant | en | la | Maria |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | be.3 sg . prs . ind | think- ger | in | def . sg . f | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Pere is thinking about Marc.’ | ||||||
Czech přemýšlet
| Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: oLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | přemýšlí | o | Michal-ovi |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | think( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | about | pn ( m )- loc . sg |
| ‘Petr is thinking about Michal.’ | |||
Danish tænke
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | tænke-r | på | Marie |
| pn | think- prs | on | pn |
| ‘Peter is thinking about Marie.’ | |||
Dutch denken
| Valency pattern: SBJ_aan |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: aan |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | denk-t | aan | Marie |
| pn (С) | think-3 sg | on | pn (С) |
| ‘Piet is thinking about Marie.’ | |||
Estonian mõtlema
| Valency pattern: NOM_ELA |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | mõtle-b | Mareti-st |
| pn . sg . nom | think- prs .3 sg | pn - ela |
| ‘Peeter is thinking about Maret.’ | ||
| Note: Peeter mõtleb Maretle (ALL instead of ELA) is also possible, so the y-argument could be analysed as ELA~ALL | ||
Finnish ajatella
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | ajattel-ee | Matti-a |
| pn . nom | think- prs .3 sg | pn - part |
| ‘Pekka is thinking about Matti’ | ||
Forest Enets biis
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | kasa | nʲe-da | biiʔɛ |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | man | child- obl . sg .3 sg | remember( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend is thinking about his son’. | ||||
German denken
| Valency pattern: NOM_anACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: anACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | denk-t | an | Marie |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | think- prs .3 sg | at | pn [ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl is thinking about Marie.’ | |||
Italian pensare
| Valency pattern: SBJ_a |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | pens-a | a | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | think-3 sg . prs | to | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Leo is thinking about Maria.’ | |||
Kazakh oyla
| Valency pattern: NOM_turaly |
| X: NOM |
| Y: turaly |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | Maša | tuwralï | oyla-ydï |
| pn | pn | about | think- prs 2.3 sg |
| ‘Petya is thinking about Masha.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty nǫmǝsti
| Valency pattern: NOM_NOMolenen |
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMolenen |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en | maša-j-en | ɔλǝŋǝn | nǫmǝs-ǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .2 sg | about | think- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja is thinking about Maša.’ | |||
Latin meditor
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| nec | iam | furtiv-um | Dido | medita-tur | amor-em |
| and_not | now | secret- acc . sg . m | pn ( f ). nom . sg | think[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg | love( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘And Dido does not think about the secrecy of her love.’ | |||||
| Note: (Verg. Aen. IV, 171) | |||||
Modern Hebrew hoʃev
| Valency pattern: SBJ_al |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: al |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | hoʃev | al | Menaχem |
| pn | think[ ptcp . sg . m ] | on | pn |
| ‘Pinchas is thinking about Menachem.’ | |||
Nanai murči-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | murči-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | think. npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia is thinking about Masha.’ | ||
Nivkh kʰəmləd
| Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik | Ajsana-rоχ | kʰəmlə-d |
| pn | pn - dat / add | think- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik is thinking about Ajsana.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å tenke
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | tenke-r | på | Kari |
| pn | think- prs | on | pn |
| ‘Per is thinking about Kari.’ | |||
Polish myśleć
| Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: oLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Tadeusz | myśli | o | Hanc-e |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | think: ipfv . prs .3 sg | about | pn - loc . sg |
| ‘Tadeusz is thinking about Hanka.’ | |||
Russian dumatʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: oLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | duma-et | o | Maš-e |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | think( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | about | pn ( f )- loc . sg |
| ‘Petja is thinking about Maša.’ | |||
Rutul fikir waɁara
| Valency pattern: ERG_INTER.EL |
| X: ERG |
| Y: INTER.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | samira-k-la | fikir | w-aɁa-r=a |
| pn - erg | pn - inter - el | thought | 3-do. ipfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul is thinking about Samira.’ | |||
Serbian misli
| Valency pattern: NOM_naACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | misli | na | Marij-u |
| pn . nom . sg | думать. prs .3 sg | на | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Петар думает о Марии.’ | |||
Shughni fikri čīdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim | Lola | fikri | kix̌-t |
| pn | pn | thought | do-3 sg |
| ‘Ahmed is thinking about Lola.’ | |||
Skolt Saami juurdčed
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | juurdač | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | think. prs .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete is thinking about Maria’ | ||
Slovenian razmišljati
| Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: oLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | razmišlja | o | An-i |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | think: ipfv . prs .3 sg | about | pn - loc . sg |
| ‘Peter is thinking about Ana.’ | |||
Spanish pensar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_en |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: en |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | está | pensa-ndo | en | María |
| pn [ sg . m ] | be_ prog . prs .3 sg | think- ger : prog | in | pn [ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro is thinking about Maria.’ | ||||
Swedish att tänka
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | tänk-er | på | Maja |
| pn | think- prs | on | pn |
| ‘Björn is thinking about Maja.’ | |||
Turkish düşünmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | Filiz-i | düşün-üyor |
| pn | pn - acc | think- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is thinking about Filiz.’ | ||
Ulcha muruči-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj | xusə | piktə | sup | muruč-i-n | əj | əktə | piktə-wə |
| this | male | child | constantly | think- prs -3 sg | this | female | child- acc |
| ‘This boy is constantly thinking about this girl.’ | |||||||
Zilo Andi urʁ.u-mallo
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | urʁ.u-mallo | umarħadʒi-ʔo |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | think. pst - prog | pn - super . lat |
| ‘Ali is thinking about Umargaji.’ | ||