‘take offence’
| Argument frame: |
X
(take_offence) at
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(M. called P. an idiot.)
P.
took offence at
M
. =
P.
got cross with
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
обижаться
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(обижаться) на
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(М. назвала П. дураком).
П.
обиделся на
М
.
|
Abaza
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
zə-fe-ʁe.gʷəse
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_BEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| č̣ʼale-m |
pŝaŝe-m |
zə-f-jə-ʁe-gʷəsa-ʁ |
|
guy-
obl
|
girl-
obl
|
rfl
.
abs
-
ben
-3
sg
.
erg
-
caus
-take_offence-
pst
|
| ‘The guy took offence at the girl.’ |
Aghul
qel aq’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_SUBCONT.ELAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUBCONT.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a |
meʜemed.i-k-as |
qel |
aq’.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
pn
-
sub
/
cont
-
elat
|
resentment
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan took offence at Muhammad.’ |
Alik Kryz
daʕ ğaç'-ic
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_PART
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: XY |
| terlan-iz |
rasul-kar |
daʕ |
ğaç'-ca |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
part
|
sore
|
n
.go_up.
pf
-
perf
|
| ‘Terlan took offence at Rasul.’ |
Archi
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| paša |
u<w>χˁu-li |
marin-ni-tː-iš |
|
pn
|
<1>become.mad-
cvb
.
pfv
|
m
arin-
obl
-
sup
-
e
l
|
| ‘Паша обиделся на Марину.’ |
| Note: Обратный перевод:Паша поссорился с Мариной или не разговаривает - мне кажется, пойдет. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
ceyp payəš
|
Valency pattern:
BARE_men
|
| X: BARE |
| Y: men |
| Locus: XY |
| axun-i |
ceyp-u |
pəšta=əla |
mən |
baxt-u |
|
brother(
m
)-
p
.1
sg
|
pleasure(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
remain.
res
.
f
=3
f
|
from
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘My brother got cross with his wife.’ |
| Note: ceyp is a dialect realization of cep. |
Azerbaijani
incimək
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Aslan |
Rǝsul-dan |
inci-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
be_pissed-
pst
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan took offence at Rasul.’ |
Bambara
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Brazilian Portuguese
ofender-se
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_com
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
se |
ofend-eu |
com |
Miguel |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
offend-3
sg
.
pst
|
with
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro got offended at Miguel.’ |
Catalan
ofendre's
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_amb
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: amb |
| Locus: Y |
| en |
Pere |
es |
va |
ofend-re |
amb |
en |
Marc |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
offend-
inf
|
with
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere took offence at Marc.’ |
Czech
urazit se
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Petr |
se |
urazi-l |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
offend(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petr got offended.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed. |
Danish
blive fornærmet
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
blev |
fornærme-t |
på |
Marie |
|
pn
|
become.
pst
|
offend-
ptcp
.
pst
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter took offence at Marie.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive). |
Dutch
beledigen
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Marie |
heeft |
Piet |
beledig-d |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
offend-
pst
|
| ‘Marie offended Piet.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Eastern Maninka
mɔ́nɛ
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_kama
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: kama |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
bára |
mɔ́nɛ |
Fónba |
kámà. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
be.angry
|
pn
|
for
|
| ‘Seku has taken offence at Fomba.’ |
English
take offence
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_at
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: at |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
took |
offence |
at |
Mary. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
solvuma
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENpeale
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENpeale |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
solvu-s |
Mareti |
peale |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
take_offence-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
gen
|
at
|
| ‘Peeter took offence at Maret.’ |
Finnish
loukkaantua
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
loukkaantu-i |
Mati-lle |
|
pn
.
nom
|
take.offence-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
all
|
| ‘P got cross with Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
en vouloir
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
en |
a |
voulu |
à |
Marie |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
of.it
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
want.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
to
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul had a grudge against Marie.’ |
Georgian
s-c'q'in-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN.ABL
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: GEN.ABL |
| Locus: XY |
| p'et're-s |
mašo-s-gan |
Ø-e-c'q'in-a |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
gen
-
pstp
:
abl
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-offend-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre took offence at Masho.’ |
German
beleidigt sein
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Karl |
war |
beleidigt |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be.
pst
.3
sg
|
offended
|
| ‘Karl was offended.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed. |
Icari Dargwa
кьуц1-игь-уб
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_SUPLAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: SUPLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Islam |
Nadir-rij |
q'uc'-ih-ub |
|
pn
|
pn
-
suplat
|
offence-(
m
)
lv
:
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Islam took offence at Nadir.’ |
Irish
bí an goimh
|
Valency pattern:
ar_go.dti
|
| X: ar |
| Y: go.dti |
| Locus: XY |
| Bhí |
an |
goimh |
air |
Phól |
go_dtí |
Máire. |
|
be.
pst
|
def
|
sting
|
on
|
pn
|
in_direction
|
pn
|
| ‘Pól took offence at Máire.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
rimanerci male
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_con
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: con |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo |
ci |
è |
rimast-o |
male |
con |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
cl
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
stay.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
bad
|
with
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo got offended at Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
ökpele
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
Maša-ɣa |
ökpele-dі |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
take_offence-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya took offence at Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
χǫrǝmti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMpela
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMpela |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-en |
pελa |
χǫrǝm-ǝs |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
at
|
take_offence-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja took offence at Maša.’ |
Khwarshi
j/oχa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_INTER
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| fatima |
j-oχa-ha |
hamaʁe-ł |
|
pn
|
ii
-get.offended-
prs
|
friend-
inter
|
| ‘Shamil has a grudge against her friend.’ |
Kina Rutul
χatir adgɨra
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUP.EL
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: XY |
| rasul-u-s |
χatir |
a<d>gɨ-r=a |
asijet-ɨ-la |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
grudge
|
<4>be.stuck.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
pn
-
obl
(
sup
)-
el
|
| ‘Rasul took offence at Asijat.’ |
Kumyk
ačuwlanmaq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| musa |
patimat-ʁa |
ačuw-la-n-d-ɨ |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
anger-
vblz
-
refl
-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Musa took offence at Patimat.’ |
Latin
offensus + COP
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| cum |
Priam-i |
lacrim-is |
offens-us |
non |
sit |
Achill-es |
|
when
|
pn
(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
tear(
f
)-
abl
.
pl
|
get_offended.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
not
|
be.
prs
.
sbjv
.
act
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘... when Achilles was not offended by the tears of Priam.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Ov. Tristia. V, 1, 55) |
Laz
o-c'k'un-u
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABL
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: XY |
| Käzim-i-s |
Fatma-šen |
Ø-a-c'k'un-u. |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
abl
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-pain-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Käzim took offence at Fatma.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
gǎndào (bèi) màofàn
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Zhāngsān |
gǎndào |
bèi |
màofàn |
le |
|
pn
|
feel
|
pass
|
offend
|
pfv
|
| ‘Zhangsan felt offended.’ |
| Note: Not included in the dataset because Y cannot be overtly expressed. |
Mano
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Mingrelian
Ø-a-nč'q'or-un-Ø (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| čelo-k |
anučia-s |
ga-Ø-a-nč'q'or-(u) |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
dat
|
prv
-
io
3-
ver
:
r
-take_offence-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Chelo took offence at Anuchia.’ |
Modern Hebrew
nifga
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mi
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
nifga |
mi |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
be.offended[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas took offence at Menachem.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
χatir adgın
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUPEREL
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: SUPEREL |
| Locus: XY |
| murad-ı-s |
q'urban-ııla |
χatir |
adgı-ri |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
-
superel
|
consideration
|
n
.remain.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad took offence at Kurban.’ |
Nanai
aksa-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
Maša-či |
aksa-xa-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dir
|
take_offence-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia took offence at Masha.’ |
Nivkh
umd
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
Ajsana-rоχ |
um-d |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
add
|
be.angry-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik took offence at Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. Same as “be angry” |
Northern Yukaghir
habuguriǝ=
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ-ɣаt |
mǝ |
hаbuguriǝ-j |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
aff
|
take_offence-
intr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien took offence at Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å bli fornærmet
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
ble |
fornærme-t |
på |
Ola |
|
pn
|
become.
pst
|
offended-
ptcp
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Per took offence at Ola.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive). |
Polish
obrazić się
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał |
obrazi-ł |
się |
na |
Magd-ę |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
offend:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
refl
|
on
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Michał took offence at Magda.’ |
Russian
obidetʹsja
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
obide-l-sja |
na |
Maš-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
offend(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]-
refl
|
on
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja took offence at Maša.’ |
Serbian
uvredeti se
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Petar |
se |
uvredi-o |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
offend-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar got offended.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed. |
Shughni
malol vidow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Nizora |
Safina=qati |
malol |
|
pn
|
pn
=
ins
|
offended
|
| ‘Nizora took offence at Safina.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami
neuʹrrõõvvâd
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENdiott
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENdiott |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
neuʹrrõõv-i |
Määʹrj |
diõtt |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
be.offended-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
gen
|
because.of
|
| ‘Pete took offence at Maria’ |
Slovak
uraziť sa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
sa |
na |
Mark-a |
urazi-l |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
on
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
offend(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Peter took offense at Marek.’ |
Slovenian
zameriti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
je |
zameri-l |
An-i |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
resent:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter took offence at Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
bê r̂êzî kirdin
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Hîwa |
bê |
r̂êzî |
be |
Perî-î |
kird-Ø |
|
pn
|
without
|
respect
|
to
|
pn
-
obl
|
do.
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa took offence at Pari.’ |
Southern Rutul
incimiş yişin
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPEREL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPEREL |
| Locus: Y |
| murad |
aydın-ııle |
incimiş |
yişi-r |
i |
|
pn
|
pn
-
superel
|
pissed
|
m
.be.
pf
-
seq
|
(
m
)
cop
|
| ‘Murad took offence at Aydin.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Spanish
disgustar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_con
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: con |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
está |
disgusta-do |
con |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
be_
prog
.
prs
.3
sg
|
irritate-
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
|
with
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro took offence at Maria.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive). |
Svan
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABL.EL
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABL.EL |
| Locus: XY |
| maizer-s |
lile-š-xän-ka |
at-Ø-sasdk'-ǝn |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
abl
-
el
|
prv
:
dist
.
io
3-offend-
pst
|
| ‘Maizer took offence at Lile.’ |
Swedish
att bli sur
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
blev |
sur |
på |
Maja |
|
pn
|
become.
pst
|
sour.
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn took offence at Maja.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
UND_LOC
|
| X: UND |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Na-galit |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Miguel. |
|
statpv
.
pfv
-angry
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
|
pn
|
| ‘Pedro took offence at Miguel. (Pedro got angry at Miguel.)’ |
| Note: Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? |
Telugu
manastāpamu ceṁdu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLpai
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBLpai |
| Locus: Y |
| pravīṇ |
maheṣ |
pai |
manastāpamu |
ceṁdāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
over
|
mental_distress(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
happen.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen got cross with Mahesh.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
q'uc'-le ca-b-i; q'uc' b-iχʷ-i / b-irχʷ-i
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER(LAT)
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER(LAT) |
| Locus: Y |
| durħaˤ |
zumra-ge |
q'uc' |
w-iχ-ub |
|
boy
|
neighbor-
super
(
lat
)
|
angry
|
m
-be.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The boy took offence at his neighbor.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turkish
gücenmek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
gücen-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
take_offence-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet took offence at Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
aqsa-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ama |
mə̄n |
piktə-ti |
aqsa-xa-ni |
|
father
|
self
|
child-
lat
|
take_offence-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Father took offence at his child.’ |
Uzbek
hafa bo’lmoq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
Maša-ga |
xafa |
bo’l-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
sad
|
be-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja took offence at Maša.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
West Central Oromo
mufata
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| obsaa-n |
tolaa-tti |
mufat-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
loc
|
take_offence-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa took offence at Tola.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-uχ.onn-ij
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| muħammad |
w-uχ.onn-ij |
ali-ʔa |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
m
-be_offended.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
super
|
| ‘Muhammad was offended by Ali.’ |
