BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘take offence’

Argument frame: X (take_offence) at Y
Stimulus sentence: (M. called P. an idiot.) P. took offence at M . = P. got cross with M .
Predicate label Ru: обижаться
Argument frame Ru: X (обижаться) на Y -а
Stimulus sentence Ru: (М. назвала П. дураком). П. обиделся на М .

Abaza *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Aghul qel aq’.u-

Valency pattern: ERG_SUBCONT.ELAT
X: ERG
Y: SUBCONT.ELAT
Locus: Y
aslan.a meʜemed.i-k-as qel aq’.u-ne
pn ( erg ) pn - sub / cont - elat resentment do. pf - aor
‘Aslan took offence at Muhammad.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ceyp payəš

Valency pattern: BARE_men
X: BARE
Y: men
Locus: XY
axun-i ceyp-u pəšta=əla mən baxt-u
brother( m )- p .1 sg pleasure( f )- p .3 m remain. res . f =3 f from woman( f )- p .3 m
‘My brother got cross with his wife.’
Note: ceyp is a dialect realization of cep.

Brazilian Portuguese ofender-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro se ofend-eu com Miguel
pn ( m ) refl offend-3 sg . pst with pn ( m )
‘Pedro got offended at Miguel.’

Catalan ofendre's

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb
X: SBJ
Y: amb
Locus: Y
en Pere es va ofend-re amb en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) refl .3 sg go.3 sg . prs . ind offend- inf with def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere took offence at Marc.’

Czech urazit se

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petr se urazi-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc offend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr got offended.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed.

Danish blive fornærmet

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Peter blev fornærme-t på Marie
pn become. pst offend- ptcp . pst . sg on pn
‘Peter took offence at Marie.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

Dutch beledigen

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Marie heeft Piet beledig-d
pn ( c ) have.3 sg pn ( c ) offend- pst
‘Marie offended Piet.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Estonian solvuma

Valency pattern: NOM_GENpeale
X: NOM
Y: GENpeale
Locus: Y
Peeter solvu-s Mareti peale
pn . sg . nom take_offence- pst .3 sg pn . sg . gen at
‘Peeter took offence at Maret.’

Finnish loukkaantua

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Pekka loukkaantu-i Mati-lle
pn . nom take.offence- pst .3 sg pn - all
‘P got cross with Matti.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

German Anstoß nehmen

Valency pattern: NOM_anDAT
X: NOM
Y: anDAT
Locus: Y
Karl nahm Anstoß an Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] take. pst .3 sg offence[ acc . sg ] at pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl took offence at Marie.’

Italian rimanerci male

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
Leo ci è rimast-o male con Maria
pn ( m ) cl aux .3 sg . prs stay. pst . ptcp - sg . m bad with pn ( f )
‘Leo got offended at Maria.’

Kazakh ökpele

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ɣa ökpele-dі
pn pn - dat take_offence- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya took offence at Masha.’

Kazym Khanty χǫrǝmti

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpela
X: NOM
Y: NOMpela
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en maša-j-en pελa χǫrǝm-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .2 sg at take_offence- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja took offence at Maša.’

Latin offensus + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
cum Priam-i lacrim-is offens-us non sit Achill-es
when pn ( m )- gen . sg tear( f )- abl . pl get_offended. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m not be. prs . sbjv . act .3 sg pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘... when Achilles was not offended by the tears of Priam.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Ov. Tristia. V, 1, 55)

Modern Hebrew nifga

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi
X: SBJ
Y: mi
Locus: Y
Pinχas nifga mi Menaχem
pn be.offended[ pst .3 sg . m ] from pn
‘Pinchas took offence at Menachem.’

Nanai aksa-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR
X: NOM
Y: DIR
Locus: Y
Petia Maša-či aksa-xa-ni
pn pn - dir take_offence- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia took offence at Masha.’

Nivkh umd

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik Ajsana-rоχ um-d
pn pn - dat / add be.angry- ind
‘Kaskazik took offence at Ajsana.’

Norwegian Bokmål å bli fornærmet

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ble fornærme-t på Ola
pn become. pst offended- ptcp on pn
‘Per took offence at Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

Polish obrazić się

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Michał obrazi-ł się na Magd-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] offend: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] refl on pn - acc . sg
‘Michał took offence at Magda.’

Russian obidetʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Pet-ja obide-l-sja na Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg offend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja took offence at Maša.’

Rutul χatir adgɨra

Valency pattern: DAT_SUP.EL
X: DAT
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: XY
rasul-u-s χatir a<d>gɨ-r=a asijet-ɨ-la
pn - obl - dat grudge <4>be.stuck. pfv - cvb =be pn - obl ( sup )- el
‘Rasul took offence at Asijat.’

Serbian *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*

Shughni malol vidow

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Nizora Safina=qati malol
pn pn = ins offended
‘Nizora took offence at Safina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt.

Skolt Saami neuʹrrõõvvâd

Valency pattern: NOM_GENdiott
X: NOM
Y: GENdiott
Locus: Y
Peâtt neuʹrrõõv-i Määʹrj diõtt
pn . sg . nom be.offended- pst .3 sg pn . sg . gen because.of
‘Pete took offence at Maria’

Slovenian zameriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter je zameri-l An-i
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg resent: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] pn - dat . sg
‘Peter took offence at Ana.’

Spanish disgustar

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
Pedro está disgusta-do con María
pn [ sg . m ] be_ prog . prs .3 sg irritate- ptcp . sg . m with pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro took offence at Maria.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

Swedish att bli sur

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Björn blev sur på Maja
pn become. pst sour. indf . c . sg on pn
‘Björn took offence at Maja.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turkish gücenmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-e gücen-di
pn pn - dat take_offence- pst
‘Mehmet took offence at Filiz.’

Ulcha aqsa-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
ama mə̄n piktə-ti aqsa-xa-ni
father self child- lat take_offence- pst -3 sg
‘Father took offence at his child.’

Zilo Andi <w>-uχ.onn-ij

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
muħammad w-uχ.onn-ij ali-ʔa
pn [ m ][ nom ] m -be_offended. pst - pf pn - super
‘Muhammad was offended by Ali.’