‘take off’
| Argument frame: | X (take off) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. took off his shirt . |
| Predicate label Ru: | снимать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (снимать) Y (рубашку) |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. снял рубашку . |
Abaza [ŝə-]χ
| Valency pattern: LOCsERG_ABS |
| X: LOCsERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| rasúl | j-ás | jə-ŝ-jə-χ-ṭ |
| pn | 3 sg . m . io -shirt | 3 sg . m . io - loc -3 sg . m . erg -take_off( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Rasul took off his shirt.’ | ||
| Note: The X argument is indexed on the verb twice (in the ergative slot and in the slot associated with the locative preverb ŝ-). | ||
Aghul latːaq.u-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | berʜem | latːaq.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | shirt | take_off. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan took off his shirt.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic šaləx
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | kam-šalx-a-la | +oym-o |
| girl( f ) | prf -undress. prs - ss .3 f - ls .3 f | dress( f )- p .3 f |
| ‘The girl took off her dress.’ | ||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | ||
Brazilian Portuguese tirar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | tir-ou | a | camisa |
| pn ( m ) | remove-3 sg . pst | def . f | shirt( f ) |
| ‘Pedro took off the shirt.’ | |||
Catalan treure's
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | es | va | treu-re | la | camisa |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | refl .3 sg | go.3 sg . prs . ind | remove- inf | def . sg . f | shirt( f ) |
| ‘Pere took off his shirt.’ | ||||||
Czech sundat si
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | si | sunda-l | košil-i |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | refl . dat | put_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | shirt( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr took off his shirt.’ | |||
Danish tage af
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | tog | skjort-en | af |
| pn | take. pst | shirt( c )- def . sg | of |
| ‘Peter took off his shirt.’ | |||
Dutch uittrekken
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | zijn | hemd | uit-ge-trokk-en |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | poss . n .3 sg | shirt( n ) | out- ptcp -pull- ptcp |
| ‘Piet took off his shirt.’ | ||||
Estonian seljast võtma
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | võtt-is | särgi | selja-st |
| pn . sg . nom | take- pst .3 sg | shirt. sg . gen | back- elat |
| ‘Peeter took off his shirt.’ | |||
Finnish riisua
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | riisu-i | paida-n |
| pn . nom | take.off- pst .3 sg | shirt- gen |
| ‘Pekka took off the shirt.’ | ||
Forest Enets dʲika
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | lubaxa-da | dʲika |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | cloth- obl . sg .3 sg | take_off( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend took off his shirt’. | |||
German ausziehen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | zieh-t | sein | Hemd | aus |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | pull- prs .3 sg | his[ n . acc . sg ] | shirt[ acc . sg ] | out |
| ‘Karl takes off his shirt.’ | ||||
Italian levarsi
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | si | è | levat-o | la | camici-a |
| pn ( m ) | refl | aux .3 sg . prs | remove. pst . ptcp - sg . m | def . sg . f | shirt- sg . f |
| ‘Leo took off the shirt.’ | |||||
Kazakh šeš
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | žeyde-sі-n | šeš-tі |
| pn | shirt- poss 3- acc | take_off- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya took off his shirt.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty ԑŋχti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | jεrnas-λ | ԑŋχ-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | shirt- poss .3 sg | put_off- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja took off his shirt.’ | ||
Latin se devestio
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| (Pamphile) | omn-ibus | lacini-is | se | devesti-t |
| pn ( f ) nom . sg | all- abl . pl | garment( f )- abl . pl | refl . acc | take_off[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg |
| ‘(Pamphile) takes off all of her clothes.’ | ||||
| Note: (Ap. Met. III, 21) | ||||
Modern Hebrew paʃat
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | paʃat | et | ha | χultsa | ʃel-o |
| pn | take.off[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | def | shirt | poss -3 sg . m |
| ‘Pinchas took off his shirt.’ | |||||
Nanai ačo-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | tətuə-i | ačo-xa-ni |
| pn | garment- p . refl . sg | take_off- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia took off his shirt.’ | ||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å ta av seg
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | tok | av | seg | skjort-a |
| pn | take. pst | of | refl | shirt- def . f . sg |
| ‘Per took off his shirt.’ | ||||
Polish zdjąć
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Ann-a | zdję-ł-a | koszul-ę |
| pn - nom . sg | take_off: pfv - pst - f .3 sg | shirt- acc . sg |
| ‘Anna took off his shirt.’ | ||
Russian snjatʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | snja-l | rubašk-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | put_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | shirt( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja took off his shirt.’ | ||
Rutul saɁ qiwir
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | saɁ | qi-wi-r | rubaška |
| pn - erg | down. lat | re -take.off. pfv - cvb | shirt( nom ) |
| ‘Rasul took off his shirt.’ | |||
Serbian skinuo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | skinu-o | košulj-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | снять- part . perf .М. sg | рубашка- acc . sg |
| ‘Петар снял рубашку.’ | |||
Shughni weδdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim | xu | kurtā | weδ-d |
| pn | refl | shirt | take_off- pst |
| ‘Azim took off his shirt.’ | |||
Skolt Saami jäʹhssed
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | jaauʹs-i | pääiʹd-es |
| pn . sg . nom | take.off- pst .3 sg | shirt. sg . acc - poss .3 sg |
| ‘Pete took off his shirt.’ | ||
Slovenian sleči
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | je | slek-l-a | bluz-o |
| pn - nom . sg | aux .3 sg | take_off: pfv - lpt - f . sg | shirt- acc . sg |
| ‘Ana took off her shirt.’ | |||
Spanish quitarse
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | se | ha | quita-do | la | camisa |
| pn [ sg . m ] | refl .3 sg | aux .3 sg | put_off- ptcp : prf | art . def . sg . f | shirt[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro took off his shirt.’ | |||||
Swedish att ta av sig
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | tog | av | sig | sin | tröja |
| pn | take. pst | of | refl | poss . refl . c . sg | shirt |
| ‘Björn took off his shirt.’ | |||||
Turkish çıkarmak
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | gömleğ-i-ni | çıkar-dı |
| pn | shirt- p .3- acc | extract- pst |
| ‘Mehmet took off his shirt.’ | ||
Ulcha ačo-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | tətu-j | ačo-xa-ni |
| father | garment- refl . sg | take_off- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father took off his shirt (garment).’ | ||
Zilo Andi <r>-uχ.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di | ɡurdo | r-uχ.i |
| pn - erg | shirt[ inan 2][ nom ] | inan 2-take_off. pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Ali took off his shirt.’ | ||