‘take off’
Argument frame: |
X
(take off)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
took off
his shirt
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
снимать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(снимать)
Y
(рубашку)
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
снял
рубашку
.
|
Abaza
[ŝə-]χ
Valency pattern:
LOCsERG_ABS
|
X: LOCsERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
rasúl |
j-ás |
jə-ŝ-jə-χ-ṭ |
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-shirt
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-take_off(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Rasul took off his shirt.’ |
Note: The X argument is indexed on the verb twice (in the ergative slot and in the slot associated with the locative preverb ŝ-). |
Aghul
latːaq.u-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
berʜem |
latːaq.u-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
shirt
|
take_off.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan took off his shirt.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
šaləx
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
brata |
kam-šalx-a-la |
+oym-o |
girl(
f
)
|
prf
-undress.
prs
-
ss
.3
f
-
ls
.3
f
|
dress(
f
)-
p
.3
f
|
‘The girl took off her dress.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Brazilian Portuguese
tirar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
tir-ou |
a |
camisa |
pn
(
m
)
|
remove-3
sg
.
pst
|
def
.
f
|
shirt(
f
)
|
‘Pedro took off the shirt.’ |
Catalan
treure's
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
es |
va |
treu-re |
la |
camisa |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
remove-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
shirt(
f
)
|
‘Pere took off his shirt.’ |
Czech
sundat si
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
si |
sunda-l |
košil-i |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
put_off(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
shirt(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr took off his shirt.’ |
Danish
tage af
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
tog |
skjort-en |
af |
pn
|
take.
pst
|
shirt(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
of
|
‘Peter took off his shirt.’ |
Dutch
uittrekken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
zijn |
hemd |
uit-ge-trokk-en |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
poss
.
n
.3
sg
|
shirt(
n
)
|
out-
ptcp
-pull-
ptcp
|
‘Piet took off his shirt.’ |
Estonian
seljast võtma
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
võtt-is |
särgi |
selja-st |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
take-
pst
.3
sg
|
shirt.
sg
.
gen
|
back-
elat
|
‘Peeter took off his shirt.’ |
Finnish
riisua
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
riisu-i |
paida-n |
pn
.
nom
|
take.off-
pst
.3
sg
|
shirt-
gen
|
‘Pekka took off the shirt.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲika
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
lubaxa-da |
dʲika |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
cloth-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
take_off(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend took off his shirt’. |
German
ausziehen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
zieh-t |
sein |
Hemd |
aus |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
pull-
prs
.3
sg
|
his[
n
.
acc
.
sg
]
|
shirt[
acc
.
sg
]
|
out
|
‘Karl takes off his shirt.’ |
Italian
levarsi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
si |
è |
levat-o |
la |
camici-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
remove.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
shirt-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo took off the shirt.’ |
Kazakh
šeš
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
žeyde-sі-n |
šeš-tі |
pn
|
shirt-
poss
3-
acc
|
take_off-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya took off his shirt.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ԑŋχti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
jεrnas-λ |
ԑŋχ-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
shirt-
poss
.3
sg
|
put_off-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja took off his shirt.’ |
Latin
se devestio
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
(Pamphile) |
omn-ibus |
lacini-is |
se |
devesti-t |
pn
(
f
)
nom
.
sg
|
all-
abl
.
pl
|
garment(
f
)-
abl
.
pl
|
refl
.
acc
|
take_off[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
‘(Pamphile) takes off all of her clothes.’ |
Note: (Ap. Met. III, 21) |
Modern Hebrew
paʃat
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
paʃat |
et |
ha |
χultsa |
ʃel-o |
pn
|
take.off[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
shirt
|
poss
-3
sg
.
m
|
‘Pinchas took off his shirt.’ |
Nanai
ačo-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
tətuə-i |
ačo-xa-ni |
pn
|
garment-
p
.
refl
.
sg
|
take_off-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia took off his shirt.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ta av seg
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
tok |
av |
seg |
skjort-a |
pn
|
take.
pst
|
of
|
refl
|
shirt-
def
.
f
.
sg
|
‘Per took off his shirt.’ |
Polish
zdjąć
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Ann-a |
zdję-ł-a |
koszul-ę |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
take_off:
pfv
-
pst
-
f
.3
sg
|
shirt-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Anna took off his shirt.’ |
Russian
snjatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
snja-l |
rubašk-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
put_off(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
shirt(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja took off his shirt.’ |
Rutul
saɁ qiwir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
saɁ |
qi-wi-r |
rubaška |
pn
-
erg
|
down.
lat
|
re
-take.off.
pfv
-
cvb
|
shirt(
nom
)
|
‘Rasul took off his shirt.’ |
Serbian
skinuo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
skinu-o |
košulj-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
снять-
part
.
perf
.М.
sg
|
рубашка-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар снял рубашку.’ |
Shughni
weδdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim |
xu |
kurtā |
weδ-d |
pn
|
refl
|
shirt
|
take_off-
pst
|
‘Azim took off his shirt.’ |
Skolt Saami
jäʹhssed
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
jaauʹs-i |
pääiʹd-es |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
take.off-
pst
.3
sg
|
shirt.
sg
.
acc
-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘Pete took off his shirt.’ |
Slovenian
sleči
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a |
je |
slek-l-a |
bluz-o |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
take_off:
pfv
-
lpt
-
f
.
sg
|
shirt-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Ana took off her shirt.’ |
Spanish
quitarse
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
se |
ha |
quita-do |
la |
camisa |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
put_off-
ptcp
:
prf
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
shirt[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro took off his shirt.’ |
Swedish
att ta av sig
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
tog |
av |
sig |
sin |
tröja |
pn
|
take.
pst
|
of
|
refl
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
shirt
|
‘Björn took off his shirt.’ |
Turkish
çıkarmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
gömleğ-i-ni |
çıkar-dı |
pn
|
shirt-
p
.3-
acc
|
extract-
pst
|
‘Mehmet took off his shirt.’ |
Ulcha
ačo-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ama |
tətu-j |
ačo-xa-ni |
father
|
garment-
refl
.
sg
|
take_off-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Father took off his shirt (garment).’ |
Zilo Andi
<r>-uχ.i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
ali-di |
ɡurdo |
r-uχ.i |
pn
-
erg
|
shirt[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
inan
2-take_off.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Ali took off his shirt.’ |