BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘take’

Argument frame: X (take) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. took a book (from the shelf).
Predicate label Ru: взять
Argument frame Ru: X (брать) Y (-а)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. взял книгу (с полки).

Abaza ʕa-χʷ

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-phʷə́spa á-pχ’aga ʕa-l-áχʷ-ṭ
def -girl def -book cisl -3 sg . f . erg -take( aor )- dcl
‘The girl took the book.’

Aghul ʁuš.u-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a kitab ʁuš.u-ne (aškːaf.i-as)
pn ( erg ) book take. pf - aor bookshelf-( in ) elat
‘Aslan took a book (from the bookshelf).’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic šakəl

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
brata škəl-la ctava mən +ustol
girl( f ) take. pst - ls .3 f book( m ) from table( m )
‘The girl took the book from the table.’

Brazilian Portuguese pegar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro peg-ou o livro
pn ( m ) take-3 sg . pst def . m book( m )
‘Pedro took a book.’

Catalan agafar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va agaf-ar un llibre
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind take- inf indf . sg . m book( m )
‘Pere took a book.’

Czech vzít

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr vza-l knih-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr took a book.’

Danish tage

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter tog en bog
pn take. pst indf . sg book( c )
‘Peter took a book.’

Dutch pakken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft een boek ge-pak-t
pn (С) have.3 sg art . indf book( n ) ptcp -take- ptcp
‘Piet took a book.’

Estonian võtma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter võtt-is raamatu
pn . sg . nom take- pst .3 sg book. sg . gen
‘Peeter took a book.’

Finnish ottaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka ott-i kirja-n kirjahylly-ltä
pn . nom take- pst .3 sg book- gen bookshelf- abl
‘Pekka took a book from the shelf.’

Forest Enets mu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ kirba mu ɔ stɔl nʲi-z
i man- nom . sg .1 sg bread take( pfv ).3 sg . s table surface- abl
‘My friend took bread from the table’.

German nehmen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl nahm ein Buch aus dem Regal
pn [ nom . sg ] take. pst .3 sg indf [ n . acc . sg ] book[ acc . sg ] from def . n . dat . sg shelf[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl took a book from the shelf.’

Italian prendere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha preso un libr-o
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs take. pst . ptcp indf . sg . m book- sg . m
‘Leo took a book.’

Kazakh al

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kіtap-tï al-dï
pn book- acc take- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya took the book.’

Kazym Khanty wŭti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
petˊa-j-en (nŏrǝm ewǝλt) kinška wŭ-s
pn - ep - poss .2 sg (shelf from) book take- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja took a book from the shelf.’

Latin capio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Attis) nive-is citat-a cep-it man-ibus leve typan-um
pn ( f )[ nom . sg ] white- abl . pl fast- nom . sg . f take[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg hand( f )- abl . pl lightly tambour( n )- acc . sg
‘(Attis) hastily took a lightweight tambour with her white hands.’
Note: (Cat. Carm. 63,8)

Modern Hebrew lakaχ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas lakaχ sefer
pn take[ pst .3 sg . m ] book
‘Pinchas took a book.’

Nanai ǯapa-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia polka-ǯea daŋsa-wa ǯapa-xa-ni
pn shelf- abl book- obl take- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia took a book from the shelf.’

Nivkh ɣеd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pitɣəŋ ɣе-d
pn book take- ind
‘Kaskazik took a book.’

Norwegian Bokmål å ta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok ei bok fra hyll-a
pn take. pst indf . f . sg book from shelf- def . f . sg
‘Per took a book from the shelf.’

Polish wziąć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ewaryst wzią-ł książk-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] take: pfv \ m - pst [ m .3 sg ] book- acc . sg
‘Ewaryst took a book.’

Russian vzjatʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja vzja-l knig-u s polk-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( f )- acc . sg from shelf( f )- gen . sg
‘Petja took a book from the shelf.’

Rutul lešur

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a l-ešu-r kitab
pn - erg pv -1.take. pfv - cvb book( nom )
‘Rasul took a book.’

Serbian uzeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je uze-o knjig-u
pn . nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg взять- part . perf . m . sg книга- acc . sg
‘Петар взял книгу.’

Shughni zêx̌tow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i kitob as tažerka-ti zox̌-t
pn =3 sg book el shelf- sup take- pst
‘Azim took a book from the shelf.’

Skolt Saami väʹldded

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt vaaʹld-i ǩeeʹrj
pn . sg . nom take- pst .3 sg book. sg . acc
‘Pete took a book.’

Slovenian vzeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je vze-l knjig-o
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg take: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] book- acc . sg
‘Peter took a book.’

Spanish coger

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha cogi-do un libro de=l estante
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg take- ptcp : prf art . ndef . sg . m book[ sg . m ] from= art . def . sg . m shelf[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro took a book from the shelf.’

Swedish att ta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn tog en bok från hylla-n
pn take. pst indf . c . sg book from shelf- def . c . sg
‘Björn took a book from the shelf.’

Turkish almak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet kitab-ı raf-tan al-dı
pn book- acc shelf- abl take- pst
‘Mehmet took the book from the shelf.’

Ulcha ǯapa-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
əj xusə piktə pēŋga-ǯi daŋsa-wa ǯapa-xa-ni
this male child shelf- ins book- acc take- pst -3 sg
‘This boy took a book from the shelf.’

Zilo Andi <r>-iχ.i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
ali-di χutʃa r-iχ.i
pn - erg book[ inan 2][ nom ] inan 2-take. pst ( aor )
‘Ali took a book.’