‘take’
| Argument frame: | X (take) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. took a book (from the shelf). |
| Predicate label Ru: | взять |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (брать) Y (-а) |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. взял книгу (с полки). |
Abaza ʕa-χʷ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-phʷə́spa | á-pχ’aga | ʕa-l-áχʷ-ṭ |
| def -girl | def -book | cisl -3 sg . f . erg -take( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The girl took the book.’ | ||
Aghul ʁuš.u-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | kitab | ʁuš.u-ne | (aškːaf.i-as) |
| pn ( erg ) | book | take. pf - aor | bookshelf-( in ) elat |
| ‘Aslan took a book (from the bookshelf).’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic šakəl
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | škəl-la | ctava | mən | +ustol |
| girl( f ) | take. pst - ls .3 f | book( m ) | from | table( m ) |
| ‘The girl took the book from the table.’ | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese pegar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | peg-ou | o | livro |
| pn ( m ) | take-3 sg . pst | def . m | book( m ) |
| ‘Pedro took a book.’ | |||
Catalan agafar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | agaf-ar | un | llibre |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | take- inf | indf . sg . m | book( m ) |
| ‘Pere took a book.’ | |||||
Czech vzít
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | vza-l | knih-u |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | book( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr took a book.’ | ||
Danish tage
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | tog | en | bog |
| pn | take. pst | indf . sg | book( c ) |
| ‘Peter took a book.’ | |||
Dutch pakken
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | een | boek | ge-pak-t |
| pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . indf | book( n ) | ptcp -take- ptcp |
| ‘Piet took a book.’ | ||||
Estonian võtma
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | võtt-is | raamatu |
| pn . sg . nom | take- pst .3 sg | book. sg . gen |
| ‘Peeter took a book.’ | ||
Finnish ottaa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | ott-i | kirja-n | kirjahylly-ltä |
| pn . nom | take- pst .3 sg | book- gen | bookshelf- abl |
| ‘Pekka took a book from the shelf.’ | |||
Forest Enets mu
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | kirba | mu | ɔ | stɔl nʲi-z |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | bread | take( pfv ).3 sg . s | table | surface- abl |
| ‘My friend took bread from the table’. | |||||
German nehmen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | nahm | ein | Buch | aus | dem | Regal |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | take. pst .3 sg | indf [ n . acc . sg ] | book[ acc . sg ] | from | def . n . dat . sg | shelf[ dat . sg ] |
| ‘Karl took a book from the shelf.’ | ||||||
Italian prendere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | preso | un | libr-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | take. pst . ptcp | indf . sg . m | book- sg . m |
| ‘Leo took a book.’ | ||||
Kazakh al
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | kіtap-tï | al-dï |
| pn | book- acc | take- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya took the book.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty wŭti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| petˊa-j-en | (nŏrǝm | ewǝλt) | kinška | wŭ-s |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | (shelf | from) | book | take- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja took a book from the shelf.’ | ||||
Latin capio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Attis) | nive-is | citat-a | cep-it | man-ibus | leve | typan-um |
| pn ( f )[ nom . sg ] | white- abl . pl | fast- nom . sg . f | take[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | hand( f )- abl . pl | lightly | tambour( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘(Attis) hastily took a lightweight tambour with her white hands.’ | ||||||
| Note: (Cat. Carm. 63,8) | ||||||
Modern Hebrew lakaχ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | lakaχ | sefer |
| pn | take[ pst .3 sg . m ] | book |
| ‘Pinchas took a book.’ | ||
Nanai ǯapa-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | polka-ǯea | daŋsa-wa | ǯapa-xa-ni |
| pn | shelf- abl | book- obl | take- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia took a book from the shelf.’ | |||
Nivkh ɣеd
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | pitɣəŋ | ɣе-d |
| pn | book | take- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik took a book.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å ta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | tok | ei | bok | fra | hyll-a |
| pn | take. pst | indf . f . sg | book | from | shelf- def . f . sg |
| ‘Per took a book from the shelf.’ | |||||
Polish wziąć
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Ewaryst | wzią-ł | książk-ę |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | take: pfv \ m - pst [ m .3 sg ] | book- acc . sg |
| ‘Ewaryst took a book.’ | ||
Russian vzjatʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | vzja-l | knig-u | s | polk-i |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | book( f )- acc . sg | from | shelf( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja took a book from the shelf.’ | ||||
Rutul lešur
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | l-ešu-r | kitab |
| pn - erg | pv -1.take. pfv - cvb | book( nom ) |
| ‘Rasul took a book.’ | ||
Serbian uzeo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | uze-o | knjig-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | взять- part . perf . m . sg | книга- acc . sg |
| ‘Петар взял книгу.’ | |||
Shughni zêx̌tow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim=i | kitob | as | tažerka-ti | zox̌-t |
| pn =3 sg | book | el | shelf- sup | take- pst |
| ‘Azim took a book from the shelf.’ | ||||
Skolt Saami väʹldded
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | vaaʹld-i | ǩeeʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | take- pst .3 sg | book. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete took a book.’ | ||
Slovenian vzeti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | vze-l | knjig-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | take: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | book- acc . sg |
| ‘Peter took a book.’ | |||
Spanish coger
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | ha | cogi-do | un | libro | de=l | estante |
| pn [ sg . m ] | aux .3 sg | take- ptcp : prf | art . ndef . sg . m | book[ sg . m ] | from= art . def . sg . m | shelf[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro took a book from the shelf.’ | ||||||
Swedish att ta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | tog | en | bok | från | hylla-n |
| pn | take. pst | indf . c . sg | book | from | shelf- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn took a book from the shelf.’ | |||||
Turkish almak
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | kitab-ı | raf-tan | al-dı |
| pn | book- acc | shelf- abl | take- pst |
| ‘Mehmet took the book from the shelf.’ | |||
Ulcha ǯapa-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj | xusə | piktə | pēŋga-ǯi | daŋsa-wa | ǯapa-xa-ni |
| this | male | child | shelf- ins | book- acc | take- pst -3 sg |
| ‘This boy took a book from the shelf.’ | |||||
Zilo Andi <r>-iχ.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di | χutʃa | r-iχ.i |
| pn - erg | book[ inan 2][ nom ] | inan 2-take. pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Ali took a book.’ | ||