‘sympathise’
| Argument frame: | X (sympathise) with Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P.’s mother is very ill.) P. sympathises with his mother . |
| Predicate label Ru: | жалеть |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (жалеть) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (Мать П. очень больна). П. жалеет свою мать . |
Abaza [ma-]rəcha
| Valency pattern: JUD_ABS |
| X: JUD |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| rasúl | j-an | d-jə́-ma-rəcha-ṗ |
| pn | 3 sg . m . io -mother | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . io - jud -poor- npst . dcl |
| ‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’ | ||
Aghul ʜajif-tːi + ‘be’
| Valency pattern: DAT_ABS |
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s | uč.i-n | baw | ʜajif-tːi | a |
| pn - dat | self- gen | mother | pitiful- adv | { in }be: prs |
| ‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +xṭita atə
| Valency pattern: BARE_BARE |
| X: BARE |
| Y: BARE |
| Locus: XY |
| aha | naša | +xṭit=ət | yəmm-u | bitay=əla |
| dem 1. sg | person( m ) | sin( f )= rel | mother( f )- p .3 m | come. prog =3 f |
| ‘This man sympathizes with his mother.’ | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese estar triste
| Valency pattern: SBJ_por |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: por |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | está | triste | por | sua | mãe |
| pn ( m ) | cop _ prog .3 sg . prs | sad | by | poss .3. f | mother( f ) |
| ‘Pedro feels sorry for his mother.’ | |||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | |||||
Catalan compadir-se
| Valency pattern: SBJ_de |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | es | compadeix | de | la | seva | mare |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | refl .3 sg | feel_sorry.3 sg . prs . ind | of | def . sg . f | poss .3. f . sg | mother( f ) |
| ‘Pere sympathises with his mother.’ | |||||||
Czech líto + COP
| Valency pattern: DAT_GEN |
| X: DAT |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: XY |
| Petr-ovi | je | líto | matk-y |
| pn ( m )- dat . sg | be( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | sorry | mother( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petr sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | |||
Danish have medfølelse
| Valency pattern: SBJ_for |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: for |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | ha-r | medfølelse | for | sin | mor |
| pn | have- prs | sympathy( c ). sg | for | poss . refl . c . sg | mother( c ) |
| ‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ | |||||
Dutch medelijden hebben
| Valency pattern: SBJ_met |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: met |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | heeft | medelijden | met | zijn | moeder |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | compassion( n ) | with | poss . c .3 sg | mother( c ) |
| ‘Piet sympathises with his mother.’ | |||||
Estonian kaasa tundma
| Valency pattern: NOM_ALL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | tunne-b | oma | ema-le | kaasa |
| pn . sg . nom | feel- prs .3 sg | poss . refl | mother- all | with |
| ‘Peeter sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
| Note: Phrasal verb (kaasa is not a flagging device). | ||||
Finnish sääliä
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | sääli-i | äiti-ä-än |
| pn . nom | feel.pity- prs .3 sg | mother- part - poss .3 sg |
| ‘Pekka feels pity for his mother.’ | ||
Forest Enets sɛr
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| kasa-jʔ | ɛɛ-da | aga-an | sɛŋa-za |
| man- nom . sg .1 sg | mother- obl . sg .3 sg | big- prol . sg | feel_sorry_for( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend sympathizes with his mother a lot’. | |||
German bemitleiden
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | bemitleide-t | sein-e | Mutter |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | sympathise- prs .3 sg | his- f . acc . sg | mother[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Italian avere pieta
| Valency pattern: SBJ_di |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: di |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | ha | pietà | di | su-a | madr-e |
| pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs | pity. sg . f | of | poss .3 sg - sg . f | mother- sg . f |
| ‘Leo fells sorry for his mother.’ | |||||
Kazakh aya
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | öz | ana-sï-n | aya-ydï |
| pn | one’s | mother- poss 3- acc | feel_pity- prs 2.3 sg |
| ‘Petya feels sorry for his mother.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty šalitti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| petr-en | aŋke-λ | šalit-λ-ǝλλe |
| pn - poss .2 sg | mother- poss .3 sg | sympathise- npst -3 sg . so |
| ‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ | ||
Latin miserescere
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| miseresc-ite | reg-is | et | patri-as | audi-te | prec-es |
| have_pity- prs . imp . act .2 pl | king( m )- gen . sg | and | father’s- acc . pl . f | listen- prs . imp . act .2 pl | prayer( f )- acc . pl |
| ‘Have pity for the king and listen to the father’s prayers.’ | |||||
| Note: (Verg. Aen. VIII, 573) | |||||
Modern Hebrew meraxem
| Valency pattern: SBJ_al |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: al |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | meraχem | al | im-o |
| pn | sympathise[ ptcp . sg . m ] | on | mother- poss .3 sg . m |
| ‘Pinchas sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Nanai guǯiəsi-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | ənim-bi | guǯiə.si-ni |
| pn | mother- p . refl . sg | sympathise. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia sympathises with his mother.’ | ||
Nivkh оŋard
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | pʰ-əmk | + | оŋar-d |
| pn | rfl -mother | + | sympathise- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å synes synd på
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | syne-s | synd | på | mor-en |
| pn | show- pass . prs | unfortunate | on | mother- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
| Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device). | ||||
Polish żałować
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał | żałuje | swoj-ej | matk-i |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | sympathise: pfv . prs .3 sg | one’s_own- f . gen . sg | mother- gen . sg |
| ‘Michał sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Russian žaletʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | žale-et | svo-ju | matʹ |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | sympathise( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | one’s- f . acc . sg | mother( f )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Rutul haˀjiw raɁara
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | haˀjiw | r-aɁa-r=a | ǯʲu-du | nin |
| pn - erg | pity | 2-do. ipfv - cvb =be | self. m . obl - attr | mother( nom ) |
| ‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
Serbian žao
| Valency pattern: DAT_GEN |
| X: DAT |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: XY |
| Petru | je | žao | svoj-e | majk-e |
| pn . dat . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | жаль | свой- gen . sg . f | мама- gen . sg |
| ‘Петар жалеет свою мать.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||||
Shughni rām čīdow
| Valency pattern: LAT_EL |
| X: LAT |
| Y: EL |
| Locus: XY |
| Azim-ard | as | wi | nān | rām | kix̌-t |
| pn - lat | el | d 3. m . sg . obl | mother | pity | do-3 sg |
| ‘Azim sympathises with his mother.’ | |||||
Skolt Saami žaʹllʼjed
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | čuuʹt | žaʹllʼj-i | jieʹnn-es |
| pn . sg . nom | very | feel.pity- pst .3 sg | mother. sg . acc - poss .3 sg |
| ‘Pete sympathised with his mother.’ | |||
Slovenian smiliti se
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-u | se | mat-i | smili |
| pn - dat . sg | rfl | mother- nom . sg | pity: pfv . prs .3 sg |
| ‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ | |||
Spanish compadecer
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | compadec-e | a | su | madre |
| pn [ sg . m ] | sympathise- prs .3 sg | dir . obj . anm | one’s[ sg . f ] | mother[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
Swedish att känna med
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | känn-er | med | sin | mamma |
| pn | feel- prs | with | poss . refl . c . sg | mother |
| ‘Björn sympathises with his mother.’ | ||||
| Note: Phrasal verb (med is not a flagging device). | ||||
Turkish acımak
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | anne-si-ne | acı-yor |
| pn | mother- p .3- dat | feel_pity- prs |
| ‘Mehmet feels sorry for his mother.’ | ||
Ulcha guǯələsi-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| min | dāma-ŋgu-j | mimbə | tēs | guǯələ-s-i | bi-či-n |
| my | grandfather- poss -1 sg | i . acc | very | feel_sorry- ipfv - prs | be- pst -3 sg |
| ‘My grandfather sympathised with me a lot.’ | |||||
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. | |||||
Zilo Andi rok’o uzad.i-r
| Valency pattern: GEN_SUPER.LAT |
| X: GEN |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: XY |
| pat’imati-tɬi | rok’o | uzad.i-r | en-tɬi=ɡu | baba-ʔo |
| pn - gen | heart[ inan 2][ nom ] | pity. pst - prog | rfl - gen = emph | mother- super . lat |
| ‘Patimat feels sorry for her mother.’ | ||||