BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘sympathise’

Argument frame: X (sympathise) with Y
Stimulus sentence: (P.’s mother is very ill.) P. sympathises with his mother .
Predicate label Ru: жалеть
Argument frame Ru: X (жалеть) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Мать П. очень больна). П. жалеет свою мать .

Abaza [ma-]rəcha

Valency pattern: JUD_ABS
X: JUD
Y: ABS
Locus: X
rasúl j-an d-jə́-ma-rəcha-ṗ
pn 3 sg . m . io -mother 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . io - jud -poor- npst . dcl
‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’

Adyghe gʷə ʁʷə

Valency pattern: NominalPossessor_ERG
X: NominalPossessor
Y: ERG
Locus: X
pŝaŝe-m č̣ʼale-xe-m ə-gʷ ja-ʁʷə
девушка- obl парень- pl - obl 3 sg . pr -сердце 3 pl . erg -грызть
‘Девушка жалеет парней’
Note: Lit. ‘The guys are gnawing (at) the girl’s heart’.

Aghul ʜajif-tːi + ‘be’

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s uč.i-n baw ʜajif-tːi a
pn - dat self- gen mother pitiful- adv { in }be: prs
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +xṭita atə

Valency pattern: BARE_BARE
X: BARE
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
aha naša +xṭit=ət yəmm-u bitay=əla
dem 1. sg person( m ) sin( f )= rel mother( f )- p .3 m come. prog =3 f
‘This man sympathizes with his mother.’

Bambara hínɛ

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù hínɛ-na Fántà lá
pn pity- pfv . intr pn in
‘Seku sympathizes with Fanta.’

Brazilian Portuguese estar triste

Valency pattern: SBJ_por
X: SBJ
Y: por
Locus: Y
Pedro está triste por sua mãe
pn ( m ) cop _ prog .3 sg . prs sad by poss .3. f mother( f )
‘Pedro feels sorry for his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Catalan compadir-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
en Pere es compadeix de la seva mare
def . sg . m pn ( m ) refl .3 sg feel_sorry.3 sg . prs . ind of def . sg . f poss .3. f . sg mother( f )
‘Pere sympathises with his mother.’

Czech líto + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-ovi je líto matk-y
pn ( m )- dat . sg be( ipfv ). prs .3 sg sorry mother( f )- gen . sg
‘Petr sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Danish have medfølelse

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Peter ha-r medfølelse for sin mor
pn have- prs sympathy( c ). sg for poss . refl . c . sg mother( c )
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’

Dutch medelijden hebben

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
Piet heeft medelijden met zijn moeder
pn ( c ) have.3 sg compassion( n ) with poss . c .3 sg mother( c )
‘Piet sympathises with his mother.’

Eastern Maninka kìninkinin

Valency pattern: SBJ_ma
X: SBJ
Y: ma
Locus: Y
Sékù yé kìninkinin-na ná mà.
pn be pity- inf . la 3 sg mother adr
‘Seku has pity for his mother.’

English sympathise

Valency pattern: SBJ_with
X: SBJ
Y: with
Locus: Y
Peter sympathises with his mother.

Estonian kaasa tundma

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter tunne-b oma ema-le kaasa
pn . sg . nom feel- prs .3 sg poss . refl mother- all with
‘Peeter sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Phrasal verb (kaasa is not a flagging device).

Finnish sääliä

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka sääli-i äiti-ä-än
pn . nom feel.pity- prs .3 sg mother- part - poss .3 sg
‘Pekka feels pity for his mother.’

Forest Enets sɛr

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
kasa-jʔ ɛɛ-da aga-an sɛŋa-za
man- nom . sg .1 sg mother- obl . sg .3 sg big- prol . sg feel_sorry_for( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend sympathizes with his mother a lot’.

French compatir

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Paul compatit à sa mère
pn ( m ) sympathise. prs .3 sg to one’s. sg . f mother( f )
‘Paul sympathises with his mother.’

Georgian Ø-e-cod-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s deda-Ø Ø-e-cod-eb-a
pn - dat mother- nom io 3- ver : r -pity- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre sympathises with his mother.’

German leid tun

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Karl tu-t sein-e Mutter leid
pn [ dat . sg ] do- prs .3 sg his- f . nom . sg mother[ nom . sg ] sorry
‘Karl is sorry for his mother.’

Irish bí trua

Valency pattern: aige_le
X: aige
Y: le
Locus: XY
trua aige Pól le-na mháthair.
be. prs sympathy at pn with- poss .3 sg . m mother
‘Pól sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian avere pieta

Valency pattern: SBJ_di
X: SBJ
Y: di
Locus: Y
Leo ha pietà di su-a madr-e
pn ( m ) have.3 sg . prs pity. sg . f of poss .3 sg - sg . f mother- sg . f
‘Leo fells sorry for his mother.’

Kalderash Romani mila

Valency pattern: DAT_ABL
X: DAT
Y: ABL
Locus: XY
le Murš-ahkə mila kata Marijk-a
art . m . obl pn - dat . sg sorry from pn - nom . sg
‘Murša sympathises with Marijka.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. With a pronominal Y argument, the structure with the ablative case (ABL) would be used.

Kazakh aya

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya öz ana-sï-n aya-ydï
pn one’s mother- poss 3- acc feel_pity- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya feels sorry for his mother.’

Kazym Khanty šalitti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
petr-en aŋke-λ šalit-λ-ǝλλe
pn - poss .2 sg mother- poss .3 sg sympathise- npst -3 sg . so
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: GEN1_SUB
X: GEN1
Y: SUB
Locus: XY
di-ja išate-ƛ lok'wa urʁida-ha
1 sg . o - gen 1 мать- sub сердце( iv ) думать- prs
‘Мне жаль мать.’
Note: Букв. мое сердце думает о матери.

Kina Rutul haˀjiw raɁara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a haˀjiw r-aɁa-r=a ǯʲu-du nin
pn - erg pity 2-do. ipfv - cvb =be self. m . obl - attr mother( nom )
‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’

Latin miserescere

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
miseresc-ite reg-is et patri-as audi-te prec-es
have_pity- prs . imp . act .2 pl king( m )- gen . sg and father’s- acc . pl . f listen- prs . imp . act .2 pl prayer( f )- acc . pl
‘Have pity for the king and listen to the father’s prayers.’
Note: (Verg. Aen. VIII, 573)

Mandarin Chinese tóngqíng

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān tóngqíng tā-mǔqīn
pn sympathise he-mother
‘Zhangsan sympathises his mother.’

Mingrelian Ø-e-cod-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s dia-muš-(i) Ø-e-cod-(un)-Ø.
pn - dat mother- refl . poss -( nom ) io 3- ver : r -pity- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo sympathizes with his mother.’
Note: This verb phrase is a recent calque of the Georgian original.

Modern Hebrew meraxem

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
Pinχas meraχem al im-o
pn sympathise[ ptcp . sg . m ] on mother- poss .3 sg . m
‘Pinchas sympathises with his mother.’

Nanai guǯiəsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia ənim-bi guǯiə.si-ni
pn mother- p . refl . sg sympathise. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia sympathises with his mother.’

Nivkh оŋard

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pʰ-əmk + оŋar-d
pn rfl -mother + sympathise- ind
‘Kaskazik sympathises with his mother.’

Northern Mansi sāl’ ōlēj

Valency pattern: LAT_ACC
X: LAT
Y: ACC
Locus: XY
anum-n sāl’ rum-ēkwa-m
1 sg . obl - lat pity friend-woman- poss .1 sg
‘I pity my female friend.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Northern Yukaghir jуolwijуori=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn tudǝ ǝnˈiǝ-ɣаnǝ juolwij-uo-ri-m
pn 3 sg . poss mother- acc sympathize- res - caus - tr .3 sg
‘Semien sympathises with his mother.’

Norwegian Bokmål å synes synd på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per syne-s synd mor-en
pn show- pass . prs unfortunate on mother- def . m . sg
‘Per sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Phrasal verb ( is not a flagging device).

Polish żałować

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Michał żałuje swoj-ej matk-i
pn [ nom . sg ] sympathise: pfv . prs .3 sg one’s_own- f . gen . sg mother- gen . sg
‘Michał sympathises with his mother.’

Russian žaletʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja žale-et svo-ju matʹ
pn ( m )- nom . sg sympathise( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one’s- f . acc . sg mother( f )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

Serbian biti žao

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-u je žao svoj-e majk-e
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg pity one’s- gen . sg . f mother- gen . sg
‘Petar sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Shughni rām čīdow

Valency pattern: LAT_EL
X: LAT
Y: EL
Locus: XY
Azim-ard as wi nān rām kix̌-t
pn - lat el d 3. m . sg . obl mother pity do-3 sg
‘Azim sympathises with his mother.’

Skolt Saami žaʹllʼjed

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt čuuʹt žaʹllʼj-i jieʹnn-es
pn . sg . nom very feel.pity- pst .3 sg mother. sg . acc - poss .3 sg
‘Pete sympathised with his mother.’

Slovak súcitiť

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Peter súcití so svoj-ou matk-ou
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] sympathise( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with one’s- f . ins . sg mother( f )- ins . sg
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’

Slovenian smiliti se

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u se mat-i smili
pn - dat . sg rfl mother- nom . sg pity: pfv . prs .3 sg
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’

Sorani Kurdish hawderdî kirdin

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Hîwa hawderd-î dayk=î-tî
pn sympathizer- izf mother=3 sg . pc -be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa sympathies with his mother.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Spanish compadecer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro compadec-e a su madre
pn [ sg . m ] sympathise- prs .3 sg dir . obj . anm one’s[ sg . f ] mother[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro sympathises with his mother.’

Swedish att känna med

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn känn-er med sin mamma
pn feel- prs with poss . refl . c . sg mother
‘Björn sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Phrasal verb (med is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Na-ki-ki~simpatya si Pedro sa kaniya-ng nanay
av - soc - ipfv ~sympathize pers . subj pn dat 3. sg . dat - lin mother
‘Pedro sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Can you change the voice and turn his mother into the subject here?

Telugu bādha(ni) paṁcukōnu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
pravīṇ tana amma bādha-ni paṁcukuṁṭunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom own mother( f ). sg . obl pain( n ). sg . obl - acc share. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. This translation is probably semantically inaccurate.

Turkish acımak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet anne-si-ne acı-yor
pn mother- p .3- dat feel_pity- prs
‘Mehmet feels sorry for his mother.’

Ulcha guǯələsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
min dāma-ŋgu-j mimbə tēs guǯələ-s-i bi-či-n
my grandfather- poss -1 sg i . acc very feel_sorry- ipfv - prs be- pst -3 sg
‘My grandfather sympathised with me a lot.’
Note: This example is taken from natural texts.

Uzbek iči ačinmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’z-i-niŋ ona-si-ga iči ačin-a-di
pn own- poss .3 sg - gen mother- poss .3 sg - dat inside sympathize- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

West Central Oromo gadda

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
obsaa-n haaɗa isaa-f in gadd-a
pn - nom mother. abs 3 sg . m . poss - dat foc be_pity-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa feels sorry for his mother.’

Zilo Andi rok’o uzad.i-r

Valency pattern: GEN_SUPER.LAT
X: GEN
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: XY
pat’imati-tɬi rok’o uzad.i-r en-tɬi=ɡu baba-ʔo
pn - gen heart[ inan 2][ nom ] pity. pst - prog rfl - gen = emph mother- super . lat
‘Patimat feels sorry for her mother.’