‘sympathise’
Argument frame: |
X
(sympathise) with
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P.’s mother is very ill.)
P.
sympathises with
his mother
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
жалеть
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(жалеть)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Мать П. очень больна).
П.
жалеет
свою мать
.
|
Abaza
[ma-]rəcha
Valency pattern:
JUD_ABS
|
X: JUD |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
rasúl |
j-an |
d-jə́-ma-rəcha-ṗ |
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-mother
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
m
.
io
-
jud
-poor-
npst
.
dcl
|
‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
gʷə ʁʷə
Valency pattern:
NominalPossessor_ERG
|
X: NominalPossessor |
Y: ERG |
Locus: X |
pŝaŝe-m |
č̣ʼale-xe-m |
ə-gʷ |
ja-ʁʷə |
girl-
obl
|
guy-
pl
-
obl
|
3
sg
.
pr
-heart
|
3
pl
.
erg
-gnaw
|
‘The girl sympathises with the guys.’ |
Note: Lit. ‘The guys are gnawing (at) the girl’s heart’. |
Aghul
ʜajif-tːi + ‘be’
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
uč.i-n |
baw |
ʜajif-tːi |
a |
pn
-
dat
|
self-
gen
|
mother
|
pitiful-
adv
|
{
in
}be:
prs
|
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Alik Kryz
yazuq' ʕuxhric
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
terlan-iz |
ug |
umay |
yazuq' |
ʕuşxhva-ryu |
pn
-
dat
|
refl
.
m
(
gen
)
|
mother
|
poor
|
f
.come_near.
ipfv
-
prs
.
f
|
‘Terlan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Archi
tʼibir
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
paša-s |
žu-n-aru |
ijtːur |
tʼibir |
pn
-
dat
|
self.
m
-
gen
-<2>
ptcl
|
mother
|
feel.pity
|
‘Pasha sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative"). |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+xṭita atə
Valency pattern:
BARE_BARE
|
X: BARE |
Y: BARE |
Locus: XY |
aha |
naša |
+xṭit=ət |
yəmm-u |
bitay=əla |
dem
1.
sg
|
person(
m
)
|
sin(
f
)=
rel
|
mother(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
come.
prog
=3
f
|
‘This man sympathizes with his mother.’ |
Avar
gurħize
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
ʕali |
gurħ-ula |
žindir-go |
ebel-alda |
pn
|
burn-
ipf
|
refl
.
gen
-self
|
mother-
obl
.
loc
|
‘Ali sympathises with his mother.’ |
Azerbaijani
yazığı gəlmək
Valency pattern:
GEN_DATLAT
|
X: GEN |
Y: DATLAT |
Locus: XY |
Aslan-ın |
öz |
ana-sı-na |
yazığ-ı |
gǝl-ir |
pn
-
gen
|
self
|
mother-
poss
3-
dat
/
lat
|
pity-
poss
3
|
come-
ipfv
(3)
|
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Bafut
kô mᵼ̀lᵼ̀ŋə̂
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
àmbɛ́ |
à |
kô |
mᵼ̀lᵼ̀ŋə̂ |
ǹdì |
jì |
pn
|
sm
|
catch
|
sympathy
|
mother
|
his
|
‘Ambe sympathizes with his mother.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Bambara
hínɛ
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
hínɛ-na |
Fántà |
lá |
pn
|
pity-
pfv
.
intr
|
pn
|
in
|
‘Seku sympathizes with Fanta.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
estar triste
Valency pattern:
SBJ_por
|
X: SBJ |
Y: por |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
está |
triste |
por |
sua |
mãe |
pn
(
m
)
|
cop
_
prog
.3
sg
.
prs
|
sad
|
by
|
poss
.3.
f
|
mother(
f
)
|
‘Pedro feels sorry for his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Budugh
yozuğ-uvol ʕaşxar
Valency pattern:
DAT_LOC
|
X: DAT |
Y: LOC |
Locus: XY |
aslan-ız |
ug-unda' |
dida' |
yozuğ-uvol |
ʕaşxar-i |
pn
-
dat
|
refl
-
hpl
.
loc
|
mother.
loc
|
pitied-
nmlz
|
come.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Catalan
compadir-se
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
es |
compadeix |
de |
la |
seva |
mare |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
feel_sorry.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
poss
.3.
f
.
sg
|
mother(
f
)
|
‘Pere sympathises with his mother.’ |
Chirag
jazuqːle b-a̰ħi
Valency pattern:
SUPER_ABS
|
X: SUPER |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
ʡa̰li-l-i |
cin-na |
rucːe |
jazuqː-le |
r-a̰l-le |
pn
-
obl
-
super
|
self.
sg
-
gen
|
sister(
abs
)
|
sorry-
adv
|
f
.
sg
-see:
ipf
-
dur
.
prs
.3
|
‘Ali feels sorry for his sister.’ |
Czech
líto + COP
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN
|
X: DAT |
Y: GEN |
Locus: XY |
Petr-ovi |
je |
líto |
matk-y |
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
be(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
sorry
|
mother(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petr sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Danish
have medfølelse
Valency pattern:
SBJ_for
|
X: SBJ |
Y: for |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
ha-r |
medfølelse |
for |
sin |
mor |
pn
|
have-
prs
|
sympathy(
c
).
sg
|
for
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
mother(
c
)
|
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ |
Dutch
medelijden hebben
Valency pattern:
SBJ_met
|
X: SBJ |
Y: met |
Locus: Y |
Piet |
heeft |
medelijden |
met |
zijn |
moeder |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
compassion(
n
)
|
with
|
poss
.
c
.3
sg
|
mother(
c
)
|
‘Piet sympathises with his mother.’ |
Eastern Maninka
kìninkinin
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ma
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ma |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
yé |
kìninkinin-na |
à |
ná |
mà. |
pn
|
be
|
pity-
inf
.
la
|
3
sg
|
mother
|
adr
|
‘Seku has pity for his mother.’ |
English
sympathise
Valency pattern:
SBJ_with
|
X: SBJ |
Y: with |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
sympathises |
with |
his |
mother. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
kaasa tundma
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
tunne-b |
oma |
ema-le |
kaasa |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
feel-
prs
.3
sg
|
poss
.
refl
|
mother-
all
|
with
|
‘Peeter sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (kaasa is not a flagging device). |
Finnish
sääliä
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
sääli-i |
äiti-ä-än |
pn
.
nom
|
feel.pity-
prs
.3
sg
|
mother-
part
-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘Pekka feels pity for his mother.’ |
Forest Enets
sɛr
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
kasa-jʔ |
ɛɛ-da |
aga-an |
sɛŋa-za |
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
mother-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
big-
prol
.
sg
|
feel_sorry_for(
ipfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend sympathizes with his mother a lot’. |
French
compatir
Valency pattern:
SBJ_avec
|
X: SBJ |
Y: avec |
Locus: Y |
Paul |
compatit |
avec |
sa |
mère |
pn
(
m
)
|
sympathise.
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
one’s.
sg
.
f
|
mother(
f
)
|
‘Paul sympathises with his mother.’ |
Georgian
Ø-e-cod-eb-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
deda-Ø |
Ø-e-cod-eb-a |
pn
-
dat
|
mother-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-pity-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Petre sympathises with his mother.’ |
German
leid tun
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Karl |
tu-t |
sein-e |
Mutter |
leid |
pn
[
dat
.
sg
]
|
do-
prs
.3
sg
|
his-
f
.
nom
.
sg
|
mother[
nom
.
sg
]
|
sorry
|
‘Karl is sorry for his mother.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
ɲɛ́i mǎa wɛ́li káa
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Paul |
nèe |
ɲɛ́i |
màa |
wɛ́li |
káa |
mà |
pn
|
3
sg
\mother
|
face
|
surface
|
love
|
be
|
3
sg
.on1
|
‘Paul sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Hindi
honā
Valency pattern:
DAT_OBLpar
|
X: DAT |
Y: OBLpar |
Locus: XY |
Pratīk |
ko |
apn-ī |
māṁ |
par |
dayā |
hɛ. |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
acc
/
dat
|
own-
f
|
mom(
f
).
sg
.
obl
|
on
|
compassion(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Prateek sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: TBD: change the verb lemma. Non-verbal predicate. |
Icari Dargwa
urk'ec'i-či=d=ulq-anaj
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPLAT
|
X: GEN |
Y: SUPLAT |
Locus: XY |
Islam-la |
ci-nna |
waba-j |
urk'ec'i-či=d=ulq-a-ca=d |
pn
-
gen
|
self-
gen
|
mother-
suplat
|
pity-
on
=
npl
=
lv
:
ipf
-
prs
-
cop
=
npl
|
‘Islam sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Irish
bí trua
Valency pattern:
aige_le
|
X: aige |
Y: le |
Locus: XY |
Tá |
trua |
aige |
Pól |
le-na |
mháthair. |
be.
prs
|
sympathy
|
at
|
pn
|
with-
poss
.3
sg
.
m
|
mother
|
‘Pól sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Ismayilli Kryz
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
aslan-iz |
uga |
day |
yazux |
şo-ro |
pn
-
dat
|
refl
.
iness
|
mother
|
pitiful
|
f
.be.
ipf
-
prs
.
f
|
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
provare pena
Valency pattern:
SBJ_per
|
X: SBJ |
Y: per |
Locus: Y |
Leo |
prova |
pen-a |
per |
su-a |
madr-e |
pn
(
m
)
|
try.3
sg
.
prs
|
pain-
sg
.
f
|
for
|
poss
.3
sg
-
sg
.
f
|
mother-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo feels sorry for his mother.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
maˤšt-CL-ar-es / maˤšt-CL-ir-es
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
meħamad-li |
cuni-ja |
neš |
maˤšt-r-ir-u |
pn
-
erg
|
self-
gen
|
mother
|
spare-
f
-do.
ipfv
-
th
|
‘Muhammad sympathises with his mother.’ |
Kalderash Romani
mila
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABL
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABL |
Locus: XY |
le |
Murš-ahkə |
mila |
kata |
Marijk-a |
art
.
m
.
obl
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
sorry
|
from
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Murša sympathises with Marijka.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. With a pronominal Y argument, the structure with the ablative case (ABL) would be used. |
Kandyk Tabasaran
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUPER
|
X: DAT |
Y: SUPER |
Locus: XY |
rasul.i-z |
dad.ij-in |
jazuq-ǯi |
vu |
pn
-
dat
|
mother-
super
|
pity-
adv
|
cop
(
prs
)
|
‘Rasul sympathises with (his) mother. |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Karata
gurħaɬa
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
ʕali |
gurħ-eda |
in-š:u-j |
da |
ilwa |
pn
|
pity-
ipf
|
refl
-
obl
.
m
-
obl
|
ptcl
|
mother.
dat
|
‘Ali sympathises with his mother.’ |
Kaytag Dargwa
ihaˁrli vihara
Valency pattern:
DATLAT_NOM
|
X: DATLAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
petja-j |
cinna |
aba |
ihaˁrli-ca |
pn
-
datlat
|
refl
.
sg
.
gen
|
mother
|
pitiable.
adv
-
cop
|
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kazakh
aya
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
öz |
ana-sï-n |
aya-ydï |
pn
|
one’s
|
mother-
poss
3-
acc
|
feel_pity-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya feels sorry for his mother.’ |
Kazym Khanty
šalitti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
petr-en |
aŋke-λ |
šalit-λ-ǝλλe |
pn
-
poss
.2
sg
|
mother-
poss
.3
sg
|
sympathise-
npst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ |
Khoekhoe
tsâbaǁhao
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petru-b |
ge |
mama-s-a |
ra |
tsâbaǁhao |
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
mother-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
ipfv
|
sympathise
|
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ |
Khwarshi
lok'ʷa urʁida
Valency pattern:
GEN1_SUB
|
X: GEN1 |
Y: SUB |
Locus: XY |
di-ja |
išate-ƛ |
lok'ʷa |
urʁida-ha |
1
sg
.
o
-
gen
1
|
mother-
sub
|
heart(
iv
)
|
think-
prs
|
‘I sympathise with my mother.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Kina Rutul
haˀjiw raɁara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
haˀjiw |
r-aɁa-r=a |
ǯʲu-du |
nin |
pn
-
erg
|
pity
|
2-do.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
self.
m
.
obl
-
attr
|
mother(
nom
)
|
‘Rasul sympathises with his mother.’ |
Kryz Proper
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
aslan-is |
gi |
day |
yazux |
ğuşxa-rü |
pn
-
dat
|
refl
.
hpl
.
gen
|
mother
|
pitiful
|
f
.come.
ipf
-
prs
.
f
|
‘Aslan sympathises with his mother.’ |
Kumyk
jazɨq gilmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
patimat |
anas-ɨn-a |
jazɨq |
gil-e |
pn
|
mother-3
sg
-
dat
|
compassionate
|
come-3
sg
|
‘Patimat sympathises with his mother.’ |
Latin
miseresco
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
miseresc-ite |
reg-is |
et |
patri-as |
audi-te |
prec-es |
have_pity-
prs
.
imp
.
act
.2
pl
|
king(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
and
|
father’s-
acc
.
pl
.
f
|
listen-
prs
.
imp
.
act
.2
pl
|
prayer(
f
)-
acc
.
pl
|
‘Have pity for the king and listen to the father’s prayers.’ |
Note: (Verg. Aen. VIII, 573) |
Laz
gur-iš o-nč'-el-u
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABL
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABL |
Locus: XY |
Käzim-i-s |
nana-muš-išen |
gu(r)-i |
d-Ø-a-nč'-en-Ø |
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
mother-
poss
3-
abl
|
heart-
nom
|
prv
-
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-worry-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Käzim sympathizes with his mother.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
tóngqíng
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
tóngqíng |
tā-mǔqīn |
pn
|
sympathise
|
he-mother
|
‘Zhangsan sympathises his mother.’ |
Mano
yéŋ̀ kɛ̄
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
lɛ́ɛ̀ |
ŋ̄ |
yéŋ̀ |
kɛ̀ |
3
sg
.
ipfv
|
1
sg
|
pity
|
do:
ipfv
|
‘S/he sympathizes with me.’ |
Mehweb
inag -uhes
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Islam-is |
inag |
d-urh-an |
sune-la-l |
abaj |
pn
-
dat
|
pitiable
|
f
-become:
ipfv
-
hab
|
self.
obl
-
gen
-
emph
|
mother
|
‘Islam sympathises with his mother.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-e-cod-un-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
dia-muš-(i) |
Ø-o-cod-(un)-Ø |
pn
-
dat
|
mother-
refl
.
poss
-(
nom
)
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-pity-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo sympathizes with his mother.’ |
Note: This verb phrase is a recent calque from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
meraxem
Valency pattern:
SBJ_al
|
X: SBJ |
Y: al |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
meraχem |
al |
im-o |
pn
|
sympathise[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
on
|
mother-
poss
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Pinchas sympathises with his mother.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
jazuqh hıʔın
Valency pattern:
ERG_APUD
|
X: ERG |
Y: APUD |
Locus: Y |
murad-a |
džuˤ-dı |
nin-ı-χda |
jazuqh |
haʔa-ra |
pn
-
erg
|
refl
.
h
.
obl
-
attr
|
mother-
obl
-
apud
|
pity
|
n
.do.
ipf
-
hab
|
‘Murad sympathises with his mother.’ |
Nanai
guǯiəsi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
ənim-bi |
guǯiə.si-ni |
pn
|
mother-
p
.
refl
.
sg
|
sympathise.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia sympathises with his mother.’ |
Nivkh
оŋard
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
pʰ-əmk |
+ |
оŋar-d |
pn
|
rfl
-mother
|
+
|
sympathise-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik sympathises with his mother.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
rak’wa guħiluruƛa
Valency pattern:
POSS_EL
|
X: POSS |
Y: EL |
Locus: XY |
pataħi-ƛƛi |
rak’wa |
guħil-eri |
inssuda |
ila-ɬɬi-gune |
pn
-
gen
|
heart
|
pity-
ipf
3
|
refl.
m
.
gen
|
mother-
obl
-
el
|
‘Patahi sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Northern Mansi
sāl’ ōlēj
Valency pattern:
LAT_ACC
|
X: LAT |
Y: ACC |
Locus: XY |
anum-n |
sāl’ |
rum-ēkwa-m |
1
sg
.
obl
-
lat
|
pity
|
friend-woman-
poss
.1
sg
|
‘I pity my female friend.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Northern Yukaghir
juolwijuori=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
tudǝ |
ǝnˈiǝ-ɣаnǝ |
juolwij-uo-ri-m |
pn
|
3
sg
.
poss
|
mother-
acc
|
sympathize-
res
-
caus
-
tr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien sympathises with his mother.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å synes synd på
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
syne-s |
synd |
på |
mor-en |
pn
|
show-
pass
.
prs
|
unfortunate
|
on
|
mother-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device). |
Polish
żałować
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Michał |
żałuje |
swoj-ej |
matk-i |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
sympathise:
pfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
one’s_own-
f
.
gen
.
sg
|
mother-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Michał sympathises with his mother.’ |
Russian
žaletʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
žale-et |
svo-ju |
matʹ |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
sympathise(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
one’s-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
mother(
f
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ |
Serbian
biti žao
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN
|
X: DAT |
Y: GEN |
Locus: XY |
Petr-u |
je |
žao |
svoj-e |
majk-e |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
pity
|
one’s-
gen
.
sg
.
f
|
mother-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petar sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Shinaz Rutul
jazuqh hɨʔɨ-n
Valency pattern:
ERG_ATTR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ATTR |
Locus: Y |
basir |
jazuqh |
haʔa-j |
džu-du |
nin-dɨ |
pn
(
erg
)
|
pity(
n
)
|
n
.do.
ipf
-
evt
.
n
|
refl
.
obl
-
attr
|
mother-
attr
|
‘Basir sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Shughni
rām čīdow
Valency pattern:
LAT_EL
|
X: LAT |
Y: EL |
Locus: XY |
Azim-ard |
as |
wi |
nān |
rām |
kix̌-t |
pn
-
lat
|
el
|
d
3.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
mother
|
pity
|
do-3
sg
|
‘Azim sympathises with his mother.’ |
Skolt Saami
žaʹllʼjed
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
čuuʹt |
žaʹllʼj-i |
jieʹnn-es |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
very
|
feel.pity-
pst
.3
sg
|
mother.
sg
.
acc
-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘Pete sympathised with his mother.’ |
Slovak
súcitiť
Valency pattern:
NOM_sINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: sINS |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
súcití |
so |
svoj-ou |
matk-ou |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
sympathise(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
one’s-
f
.
ins
.
sg
|
mother(
f
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ |
Slovenian
smiliti se
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
se |
mat-i |
smili |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
rfl
|
mother-
nom
.
sg
|
pity:
pfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Peter sympathises with his mother.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
hawderd bûn
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Hîwa |
hawderd-î |
dayk=î-tî |
pn
|
sympathizer-
izf
|
mother=3
sg
.
pc
-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Hiwa sympathies with his mother.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Southern Rutul
yazux vişin
Valency pattern:
DAT_ATTR
|
X: DAT |
Y: ATTR |
Locus: XY |
murad-ı-s |
nin-di |
yazux |
aˤvğuˤ-r |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
mother-
attr
|
pity(
a
)
|
a
.come.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Murad sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The Y argument can be separated from the word for ‘pity’. |
Spanish
compadecer
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
compadec-e |
a |
su |
madre |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
sympathise-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
one’s[
sg
.
f
]
|
mother[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro sympathises with his mother.’ |
Standard Arabic
šaʕara bi=l-Ɂasā
Valency pattern:
NOM_alaaGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: alaaGEN |
Locus: Y |
Aḥmad-u |
yašʕuru |
bi=l-Ɂasā |
ʕalā |
wālidat-i=hi |
pn
-
nom
|
feel.
ipf
.3
m
|
with=
def
-sadness
|
on
|
mother-
gen
=
p
.3
m
|
‘Ahmad sympathises with his mother.’ |
Svan
x-o-žr-i (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
maizer-s |
di-Ø |
x-o-žr-i |
pn
-
dat
|
mother-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
o
-pity-
prs
|
‘Maizer sympathizes with his mother.’ |
Swedish
att känna med
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
känn-er |
med |
sin |
mamma |
pn
|
feel-
prs
|
with
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
mother
|
‘Björn sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (med is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
ACT_LOC
|
X: ACT |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
na-ki-ki~simpatya |
si |
Pedro |
sa |
kaniya-ng |
nanay |
av
-
soc
-
ipfv
~sympathize
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
dat
|
3.
sg
.
dat
-
lin
|
mother
|
‘Pedro sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The GEN encoding of the Y is not possible. |
Telugu
bādha(ni) paṁcukōnu
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
pravīṇ |
tana |
amma |
bādha-ni |
paṁcukuṁṭunnāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
own
|
mother(
f
).
sg
.
obl
|
pain(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
share.
dur
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. This translation is probably semantically inaccurate. |
Tsakhur
yazuх qhabiy
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUPERLAT
|
X: DAT |
Y: SUPERLAT |
Locus: XY |
murad-ı-s |
maˁ-nq:-ılqha |
yazuх |
qhooˁ |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
med
-
obl
-
superlat
|
pity(
a
)
|
a
.come.
ipf
|
‘Murad sympathises with him/her.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
jazuq b-icː-iz/b-ilcː-iz
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
uršːi-z |
juldaš |
jazuq |
ilc-unne=saj |
boy-
dat
|
friend
|
poor
|
(
m
)appear.
pfv
-
prog
.
cnv
=
cop
:
m
(3)
|
‘The boy sympathises with his friend.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
jazuq b-icː-i / b-ilcː-i
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
durħaˤ-j |
tatːi |
jazuq |
w-ilcː-unne=caj |
boy-
dat
|
father
|
poor
|
m
-appear.
pfv
-
cnv
.
prog
=
cop
:
m
(3)
|
‘The boy sympathises with his father.’ |
Turkish
acımak
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
anne-si-ne |
acı-yor |
pn
|
mother-
p
.3-
dat
|
feel_pity-
prs
|
‘Mehmet feels sorry for his mother.’ |
Turoyo
yoqəḏ leb-
Valency pattern:
BARE_7al
|
X: BARE |
Y: 7al |
Locus: XY |
Gabriyel |
leb-e |
ko-yoqəḏ |
ʕal |
i |
emo |
pn
|
heart-
p
.3
m
|
prs
-burn.
ipfv
.3
m
|
on
|
art
.
f
|
mother
|
‘Gabriyel has sympathy/pity for his mother.’ |
Twi
wᴐ tema
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ma
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ma |
Locus: Y |
Kofi |
wᴐ |
tema |
ma |
ne |
maame |
pn
|
have(3
sg
.
prs
)
|
sympathy
|
for
|
3
sg
(
poss
)
|
mother
|
‘Kofi sympathises with his mother.’. |
Note: CV. Although most adpositions are used as postpositions, here, “ma” is used a preposition. |
Ulcha
guǯələsi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
min |
dāma-ŋgu-j |
mimbə |
tēs |
guǯələ-s-i |
bi-či-n |
my
|
grandfather-
poss
-1
sg
|
i
.
acc
|
very
|
feel_sorry-
ipfv
-
prs
|
be-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘My grandfather sympathised with me a lot.’ |
Note: This example is taken from natural texts. |
Uzbek
iči ačinmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
o’z-i-niŋ |
ona-si-ga |
iči |
ačin-a-di |
pn
|
own-
poss
.3
sg
-
gen
|
mother-
poss
.3
sg
-
dat
|
inside
|
sympathize-
prs
2-3
sg
|
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’ |
West Central Oromo
gadda
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
obsaa-n |
haaɗa |
isaa-f |
in |
gadd-a |
pn
-
nom
|
mother.
abs
|
3
sg
.
m
.
poss
-
dat
|
foc
|
be_pity-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa feels sorry for his mother.’ |
Wolof
yërëm
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBJ |
Locus: TR |
dama |
yërëm |
Rama |
ndax |
doom-am |
j-i |
gaañu |
démb |
f
oc
v
.s
i
:1
sg
|
symathize
|
pn
|
because.of
|
child(
j
)-
poss
:3
sg
|
cl
j
-
rel
|
pass.away
|
yesterday
|
‘I sympathize with Rama because of her child who passed away yesterday.’ |
Yargun Lezgian
yuzux qven
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN
|
X: DAT |
Y: GEN |
Locus: XY |
Sahib-a-z |
viç-i-n |
dide-di-n |
yuzux |
qve-zva |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
self-
obl
-
gen
|
mother-
obl
-
gen
|
poor
|
come.
ipfv
-
prs
|
‘Sahib sympathises with his mother.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Zazaki
Valency pattern:
SBJ.INTR_ver.PSTP
|
X: SBJ.INTR |
Y: ver.PSTP |
Locus: Y |
a |
kɛw-ɛn-a |
maj-a |
xo |
vɛr |
3
sg
.
f
.
abs
|
fall.
prs
-
aug
-3
sg
.
f
|
mother-
ez
.
f
|
refl
|
front
|
‘She sympathises with her mother.’ |
Zilo Andi
rok’o uzad.i-r
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPER.LAT
|
X: GEN |
Y: SUPER.LAT |
Locus: XY |
pat’imati-tɬi |
rok’o |
uzad.i-r |
en-tɬi=ɡu |
baba-ʔo |
pn
-
gen
|
heart[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
pity.
pst
-
prog
|
rfl
-
gen
=
emph
|
mother-
super
.
lat
|
‘Patimat feels sorry for her mother.’ |