‘speak’
| Argument frame: |
X
(speak) with
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(I am looking for P. When I enter the room I see that)
P.
is speaking with
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
разговаривать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(разговаривать) с
Y
-ом
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Я искал П. Когда я вошел в комнату, я увидел, что)
П.
разговаривает с
М
.
|
Abaza
a(j).ĉaẑa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IO
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| murád |
sará |
s-aχš’á |
d-l-á.ĉaẑ-əj-d |
|
pn
|
i
|
1
sg
.
io
-sister
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-talk-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘Murad is speaking with my sister.’ |
Aghul
raχ.a-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_COM
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
meʜemed.i-qaj |
raχ.a-a |
|
pn
|
pn
-
com
|
speak.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Aslan is speaking with Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
hamzəm
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| +avvo |
sava |
hamzum=əl |
mən |
brat-u |
|
dem
3.
m
|
old.
m
|
speak.
prog
=3
m
|
from
|
girl(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘This oldman is speaking with a girl.’ |
| Note: Some speakers use preposition am. |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_com
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
está |
conversando |
com |
Miguel |
|
| ‘Педру разговаривает с Мигелом.’ |
Czech
mluvit
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_sINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: sINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
mluví |
s |
Michal-em |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
speak(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr is speaking with Michal.’ |
Finnish
puhua
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENkanssa
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENkanssa |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
puhu-u |
Mati-n |
kanssa |
|
pn
.
nom
|
speak-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
gen
|
with
|
| ‘Pekka is speaking with Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲɔrir
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| kasa-jʔ |
vasʲa-xane-da |
dʲɔriŋa |
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
pn
-
loc
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
talk(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend is speaking with Vasja’. |
Latin
colloquor
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_cumABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: cumABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Socrates |
in |
eo |
libr-o |
colloqui-tur |
cum |
Critobul-o |
|
pn
(
m
).
nom
.
sg
|
in
|
this.
abl
.
sg
.
m
|
book(
m
)-
abl
.
sg
|
converse[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
(
m
)-
abl
.
sg
|
| ‘Socrates talks (about it) with Critobulus in this book.’ |
| Note: (Cic. Cato Maior de Senectute. 59, 6) |
Modern Hebrew
medaber
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_im
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: im |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
medaber |
im |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
speak[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
with
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas is speaking with Menachem.’ |
Nanai
gusərəndu-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
Maša-ǯi |
gusərə-ndu-j-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
ins
|
tell-
soc
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia is speaking with Masha.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å snakke
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_med
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
snakke-t |
med |
Ola |
|
pn
|
speak-
pst
|
with
|
pn
|
| ‘Per is speaking with Ola.’ |
Polish
rozmawiać
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Staszek |
rozmawia |
z |
Adam-em |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
speak:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Staszek is speaking with Adam.’ |
Russian
razgovarivatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_sINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: sINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
razgovariva-et |
s |
Maš-ej |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
speak(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
(
f
)-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja is speaking with Maša.’ |
Rutul
halgara
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
nadir-ɨ-kan |
halga-r=a |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
pn
-
obl
-
com
|
1.talk.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul is speaking with Nadir.’ |
Skolt Saami
mainsted
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
maainast |
Määʹrja-in |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
speak.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
com
|
| ‘Pete is speaking with Maria’ |
Slovenian
pogovarjati se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
se |
pogovarja |
s |
Pavl-om |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
speak:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter is speaking with Pavel.’ |
Swedish
att prata
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_med
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
prata-r |
med |
Maja |
|
pn
|
speak-
prs
|
with
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn is speaking with Maja.’ |
Turkish
konuşmak
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Orhan-la |
konuş-uyor |
|
pn
|
pn
-
com
|
talk-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet is speaking with Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
určulun-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| ama |
əńi-ǯi |
určulun-di-ni |
|
father
|
mother-
ins
|
talk-
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Father is speaking with mother.’ |
Zilo Andi
j-edːo-mado
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati |
marjam=lojɡu |
j-edːo-mado |
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
pn
=
com
|
f
-talk.
pst
-
prog
|
| ‘Patimat is talking with Mariam.’ |
