‘sink’
| Argument frame: | X (sink) in Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (This tree has very heavy wood. I threw a log in the river.) The log sank in the water . |
| Predicate label Ru: | тонуть |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (тонуть) в Y -е |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (У этого дерева очень тяжелая древесина. Однажды я кинул полено в речку). Полено] утонуло в [воде . |
Abaza [c̣a-]ŝq̇ʷal
| Valency pattern: ABS_LOCca |
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCca |
| Locus: Y |
| a-mč̣χə́ | a-ʒə́ | j-c̣a-ŝḳʷál-ṭ |
| def -log | def -water | 3 sg . n . abs - loc -sink( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The log sank to water.’ | ||
Aghul ʕarx.u-na ahajš.u-
| Valency pattern: ABS_INTER |
| X: ABS |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| c’aχun | xitː.a-ʕ | ʕarx.u-na | ahajš.u-ne |
| log | water- inter | { inter }get. pf - conv | sink. pf - aor |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +ṭabbə
| Valency pattern: SBJ_gu |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: gu |
| Locus: Y |
| kesa | +ṭbi-l | gu | miyya |
| wood( m ) | sink. pst - ls .3 m | in | water( pl ) |
| ‘The log sank in water.’ | |||
Brazilian Portuguese afundar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| o | galho | afund-ou | na | água |
| def . m | branch( m ) | sink-3 sg . pst | in+ def . f | water( f ) |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||
Catalan enfonsar-se
| Valency pattern: SBJ_a |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| el | tronc | es | va | enfons-ar | a | l'aigua |
| def . sg . m | branch( m ) | refl .3 sg | go.3 sg . prs . ind | sink- inf | to | def . sg . f -water( f ) |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||||
| Note: Cf. "el tronc s'hi va enfonsar" | ||||||
Czech potopit se
| Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| polen-o | se | potopi-l-o | do | vod-y |
| log( n )- nom . sg | refl . acc | sink( pfv )- pst - n . sg | in | water( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||
Danish synke ned
| Valency pattern: SBJ_i |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Kævl-en | sank | ned | i | vand-et |
| log( c )- def . sg | sink. pst | down | in | water( n )- def . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||
Dutch zinken
| Valency pattern: SBJ_in |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: in |
| Locus: Y |
| de | boomstam | is | ge-zonk-en | in | het | water |
| art . def . c | log( c ) | cop .3 sg | ptcp -sink- ptcp | in | art . def . n | water( n ) |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||||
Estonian vajuma
| Valency pattern: NOM_ILL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| palk | vaju-s | vette |
| log. sg . nom | sink- pst .3 sg | water. sg . ill |
| ‘The log sank into the water.’ | ||
Finnish upota
| Valency pattern: NOM_ILL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| tukki | uppo-si | vete-en |
| log. nom | sink- pst .3 sg | water- ill |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||
Forest Enets sija
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ɔdu | dʲɔxa | bi-t | sija |
| boat | river | water- dat . sg | sink( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘The boat sank in the river’. | |||
German sinken
| Valency pattern: NOM_inDAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: inDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| der | Holzklotz | sank | im | Fluss |
| def . m . nom . sg | log[ nom . sg ] | sink. pst .3 sg | in. def . m . dat . sg | river[ dat . sg ] |
| ‘The log sank in the river.’ | ||||
Italian affondare
| Valency pattern: SBJ_in |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: in |
| Locus: Y |
| il | tronc-o | di | legn-o | è | affondat-o | nell’ | acqu-a |
| def . sg . m | log- sg . m | of | wood- sg . m | aux .3 sg . prs | sink. pst . ptcp - sg . m | in. def . sg . f | water- sg . f |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||||||
Kazakh bat
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Butaq | suw-ɣa | bat-ïp | ket-tі |
| log | water- dat | sink- cvb | leave- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty šǫjλǝti
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| jŭχ | šǫp-ǝλ | jiŋk-a | šǫjλ-ǝs |
| wood | piece- poss .3 sg | water- dat | sink- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Latin sido
| Valency pattern: NOM_inABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: inABL |
| Locus: Y |
| sid-it | autem | (mini-um) | in | aqu-a |
| disappear[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg | but | red_lead( n )- nom . sg | in | water( f )- abl . sg |
| ‘The red-lead sinks in water.’ | ||||
| Note: (Plin. NH 33, 120) | ||||
Modern Hebrew ʃaka
| Valency pattern: SBJ_be |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| bul | ha | ets | ʃaka | ba | maim |
| log1 | def | log2 | sink[ pst .3 sg . m ] | in+ def | water |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||||
Nanai ii-
| Valency pattern: NOM_DIR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| moo | muə-či | ii-xə-ni |
| wood | water- dir | enter- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å synke
| Valency pattern: SBJ_i |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| tømmer-et | sank | i | vann-et |
| log- def . n . sg | sink. pst | in | water- def . n . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Polish utonąć
| Valency pattern: NOM_wLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: wLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| polan-o | utonę-ł-o | w | wodzi-e |
| log- nom . sg | sink: pfv - pst - f .3 sg | in | water- loc . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Russian utonutʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: vLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| polen-o | utonu-l-o | v | vod-e |
| log( n )- nom . sg | drown( pfv )- pst - n . sg | in | water( f )- loc . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Rutul ara: saɁ kipxur
| Valency pattern: NOM_IN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| girdɨm | xij-e | ara: | saɁ | k-i<p>xu-r |
| log( nom ) | water. obl - in | inside. el | down. lat | pv -<3>get.to. pfv - cvb =be |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||
Serbian potonula
| Valency pattern: NOM_uACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| cepanic-a | je | potonu-l-a | u | vod-u |
| полено. nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | потерять- part . perf .М. sg | в | вода- acc . sg |
| ‘Полено утонуло в воде.’ | ||||
Shughni ɣůt nīstow
| Valency pattern: NOM_PREP.DOWN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PREP.DOWN |
| Locus: Y |
| yu | δorg | ar | x̌ac | ɣůt | nūs-t |
| d 3. m . sg | stick | prep . down | water | diving | sit- pst |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||||
Skolt Saami vuäjjad
| Valency pattern: NOM_GENvualla |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENvualla |
| Locus: Y |
| stokk | vuäja-i | čääʹʒʒ | vuâlla |
| log. sg . nom | sink- pst .3 sg | water. sg . gen | under |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Slovenian potoniti
| Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: vLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Polen-o | je | potoni-l-o | v | vod-i |
| log- nom . sg | aux .3 sg | sink: pfv - lpt - n . sg | in | water- loc . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||
Spanish hundir
| Valency pattern: SBJ_en |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: en |
| Locus: Y |
| el | leño | se | hundi-ó | en | el | agua |
| art . def . sg . m | log[ sg . m ] | refl .3 sg | sink- aor .3 sg | in | art . def . sg . f | water[ sg . f ] |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||||||
Swedish att sjunka
| Valency pattern: SBJ_i |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| stock-en | sjönk | i | vattn-et |
| log- def . c . sg | sink. pst | in | water- def . n . sg |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | |||
Turkish batmak
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| odun | parça-sı | su-da | bat-tı |
| wood | piece- p .3 | water- loc | sink- pst |
| ‘The piece sank in the water.’ | |||
Ulcha o-
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| mūlu | mū | dō-la-ni | o-či-ni |
| birchbark_bucket | water | inside- loc -3 sg | become- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Mulu (birchbark bucket) got in the water.’ | |||
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. Mulu is a birch bark bucket. | |||
Zilo Andi ʁʷanqχ’.unn-ij
| Valency pattern: NOM_INTER |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| reʃa | ɬen-tɬi | ʁʷanqχ’.unn-ij |
| wood[ inan 1][ nom ] | water- inter | sink. pst - pf |
| ‘The log sank in the water.’ | ||