‘shoot at’
| Argument frame: | X (shoot) at Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. shot at the bird . (He missed.) |
| Predicate label Ru: | стрелять |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (стрелять) в Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. выстрелил в птицу (Он не попал). |
Abaza aj.χs
| Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| w-ʕa-s-m-aj.χsə-n |
| 2 sg . m . abs - cisl -1 sg . io - neg -shoot- neg . imp |
| ‘Dont shoot at me!’ |
Aghul tufang.i-as jarʜ.u-
| Valency pattern: ERG_DAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | tufang.i-as | jarʜ.u-ne | ǯaq’ʷ.ala-s |
| pn ( erg ) | gun-( in ) elat | strike. pf - aor | sparrow- dat |
| ‘Aslan shot at the sparrow.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic čarət
| Valency pattern: SBJ_gu |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: gu |
| Locus: Y |
| sava | črət-lə | gu | səprita |
| old. m | fire. pst - ls .3 m | in | birdie( f ) |
| ‘The oldman shot at the bird.’ | |||
Brazilian Portuguese atirar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | atir-ou | no | pássaro |
| pn ( m ) | shoot-3 sg . pst | in+ def . m | bird( m ) |
| ‘Pedro shot at the bird.’ | |||
Catalan disparar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | va | dispar-ar | a | l'ocell |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | shoot- inf | to | def . sg . m -bird( m ) |
| ‘Pere shot at the bird.’ | |||||
| Note: Cf. "en Pere li va disparar" | |||||
Czech vystřelit
| Valency pattern: NOM_naACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | vystřeli-l | na | pták-a |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | shoot( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | on | bird( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr shot at the bird.’ | |||
Danish skyde
| Valency pattern: SBJ_efter |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: efter |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | skød | efter | fugl-en |
| pn | shoot. pst | after | bird( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter shot at the bird.’ | |||
Dutch schieten
| Valency pattern: SBJ_op |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: op |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | schoot | op | de | vogel |
| pn ( c ) | shoot. pst | on | art . def . c | bird( c ) |
| ‘Piet shot at the bird.’ | ||||
Estonian tulistama
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | tulista-s | lindu. |
| pn . sg . nom | fire- pst .3 sg | bird. sg . part |
| ‘Peeter shot at the bird.’ | ||
Finnish ampua
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | ampu-i | lintu-a |
| pn . nom | shoot- pst .3 sg | bird- part |
| ‘Pekka shot at the bird.’ | ||
Forest Enets dʲɔza
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | ŋaʔu | dʲɔza-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | duck | shoot( pfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend shot at the duck’. | |||
German schießen
| Valency pattern: NOM_aufACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: aufACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | schieß-t | auf | den | Vogel |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | shoot- prs .3 sg | on | def . m . acc . sg | bird[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl shot at the bird.’ | ||||
Italian sparare
| Valency pattern: SBJ_a |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | ha | sparato | all’ | uccell-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | shoot. pst . ptcp | to. def . sg . m | bird- sg . m |
| ‘Leo shot a bird.’ | ||||
Kazakh at
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | qus-tï | at-tï |
| pn | bird- acc | shoot- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya shot at the bird.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty pǒškan ewǝλt ԑsǝλti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | pǒškan | ewǝλt | tǒχλǝŋ_woj | εsλ-ǝs | pa | an | χɔj-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | gun | from | bird | let_out- pst [3 sg ] | add | neg | hit- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja shot at the bird, but he missed.’ | |||||||
Latin iaculor
| Valency pattern: NOM_inACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: inACC |
| Locus: Y |
| si | rapid-us | Mavors | ign-es | iacula-tur | in | ill-um |
| if | fast- nom . sg . m | pn ( m ). nom . sg | fire( m )- acc . pl | throw[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg | in | that- acc . sg . m |
| ‘... if swift Mars shoots flames at him.’ | ||||||
| Note: (Man. Astronomica. IV, 500) | ||||||
Modern Hebrew jara
| Valency pattern: SBJ_be |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | jara | be | tsipor |
| pn | shoot[ pst .3 sg . m ] | in | bird |
| ‘Pinchas shot at the bird.’ | |||
Nanai meočala-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | niəčə-mbə | meoča-la-xa-ni |
| pn | bird- obl | gun- pfv - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia shot at the bird.’ | ||
Nivkh χad
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | pujŋa | + | χatu-d |
| pn | bird | + | shoot- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik shot at the bird.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å skyte
| Valency pattern: SBJ_mot |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mot |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | skjøt | mot | en | fugl |
| pn | shoot. pst | towards | indf . m . sg | bird |
| ‘Per shot at the bird.’ | ||||
Polish strzelić
| Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Paweł | strzeli-ł | do | ptak-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | shoot: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | at | bird- gen . sg |
| ‘Paweł shot at the bird.’ | |||
Russian vystrelitʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_vACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | vystreli-l | v | ptic-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | shoot( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | in | bird( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja shot at the bird.’ | |||
Rutul tufang wijiraj
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUB |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUB |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | tufang | w-iji-r=a-j | šurk-u-χda |
| pn - erg | gun( nom ) | 3-shoot. pfv - cvb =be- pst | bird- obl - sub |
| ‘Rasul shot at the bird.’ | |||
Serbian pukao
| Valency pattern: NOM_uACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | je | puka-o | u | ptic-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | выстрелить- part . perf .М. sg | в | птица- acc . sg |
| ‘Петар выстрелил в птицу.’ | ||||
Shughni poθ weδdow
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUP |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| Šamil=i | wam | wiδič-ti | poθ | weδd | at | yā | wam-ti | na-angix-t |
| pn =3 sg | d 3. f . sg . obl | bird- sup | shooting | put. pst | add | d 3. f . sg | d 3. f . sg . obl - sup | neg -hit- pst |
| ‘Shamil shot (let a bullet go) at the bird, but it (the bullet) did not hit it.’ | ||||||||
Skolt Saami pääččad
| Valency pattern: NOM_GENvuastta |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENvuastta |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | pääčča-i | lååʹdd | vuâstta |
| pn . sg . nom | shoot- pst .3 sg | bird. sg . gen | towards |
| ‘Pete shot at the bird.’ | |||
Slovenian ustreliti
| Valency pattern: NOM_vACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pavel | je | ustreli-l | v | ptic-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | shoot: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | in | bird- acc . sg |
| ‘Pavel shot at the bird.’ | ||||
Spanish disparar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_contra |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: contra |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | dispar-ó | contra | un | pájaro |
| pn [ sg . m ] | shoot- aor .3 sg | against | art . ndef . sg . m | bird[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro shot at a bird.’ | ||||
Swedish att skjuta
| Valency pattern: SBJ_mot |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mot |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | sköt | mot | fågel-n |
| pn | shoot. pst | against | bird- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn shot at the bird.’ | |||
Turkish ateş etmek
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | kuş-a | ateş | et-ti |
| pn | bird- dat | fire | make- pst |
| ‘Mehmet shot at the bird.’ | |||
Ulcha mewtila-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | čiŋdə-wə | mewti-la-xa, | [čor-la-xa] |
| father | bird- acc | gun- vblz - pst -3 sg | [outside- vblz - pst ] |
| ‘Father shot at the bird, [he missed].’ | |||
Zilo Andi qχ’ʷaʁ.unn
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER.LAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali-di | ʃːekibo-ʔo | qχ’ʷaʁ.unn-ij |
| pn - erg | bird. obl - super . lat | shoot. pst - pf |
| ‘Ali shot at the bird.’ | ||