‘respect’
| Argument frame: |
X
(respect)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
respects
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
уважать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(уважать)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
уважает
М
.
|
Abaza
χʷə [kʷ-]c̣a
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_LOCkwe
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: LOCkwe |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl |
fatíma |
χʷə |
lə́-kʷə-j-c̣-əj-ṭ |
|
pn
|
pn
|
price
|
3
sg
.
f
.
io
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-put-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘Rasul respects Fatima.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
ŝheč̣ʼafe fe-ṣ̂ə
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_BEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| dirjekterə-m |
č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-m |
ŝheč̣ʼafe |
f-j-e-ṣ̂ə |
|
director-
obl
|
teacher-
obl
|
respect(
abs
)
|
ben
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-do
|
| ‘The director respects the teacher.’ |
Aghul
uwažat q’.a-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
meʜemed |
uwažat |
q’.a-a |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
pn
|
<respect>
|
do.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Aslan respects Muhammad.’ |
Alik Kryz
hurmat aric
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| terlan-ir |
rasul-iz |
hurmat |
yi-re |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
dat
|
respect
|
do.
ipfv
-
prs
.
n
|
| ‘Terlan respects Rasul.’ |
Archi
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| paša-mu |
marin-ni-n |
qʼimat |
b-a-r |
|
pn
-
obl
(
erg
)
|
pn
-
obl
-
gen
|
respect
|
3-do-
ipfv
|
| ‘Pasha respects Marina.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level constituent. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
maɣɣəb
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| +Ašur |
maɣɣub-u=l |
švav-u |
|
pn
|
like.
prog
-
p
.3
m
=3
m
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur respects his neighbor.’ |
Avar
adab habize
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| ʕali-ca |
aħmad-il |
adab |
hab-ula |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
politeness
|
do.
n
-
ipf
|
| ‘Ali respects Ahmad.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Azerbaijani
hörmət etmək
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DATLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DATLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Aslan |
Rǝsul-a |
hörmǝt |
ed-ir |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
lat
|
respect
|
do-
ipfv
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan respects Rasul.’ |
Bambara
bònya
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
bɛ |
Fùséni |
bònya |
|
pn
|
ipfv
|
pn
|
respect
|
| ‘Seku respects Fuseyni.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
respeitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
respeit-a |
Miguel |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
respect-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro respects Miguel.’ |
Catalan
respectar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
respect-a |
en |
Marc |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
respect-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere respects Marc.’ |
Chirag
ħurmat b-arq’i
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| ʡa̰li-le |
rasul-la |
ħurmat |
b-irq’-le |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
respect(
abs
)
|
n
.
sg
-do:
ipf
-
dur
.
res
.3
|
| ‘Ali respects Rasul.’ |
| Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent. |
Czech
vážit si
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
si |
váží |
Michal-a |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
respect(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr respects Michal.’ |
Danish
respektere
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
respektere-r |
Marie |
|
pn
|
respect-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter respects Marie.’ |
Dutch
respecteren
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
respecteer-t |
Marie |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
respect-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
| ‘Piet respects Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
mábònya
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
yé |
Fántà |
mábònya-la. |
|
pn
|
be
|
pn
|
respect-
inf
.
la
|
| ‘Seku respects Fanta.’ |
English
respect
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
Estonian
austama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
austa-b |
Mareti-t |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
respect-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter respects Maret.’ |
Finnish
kunnioittaa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
kunnioitt-aa |
Matti-a |
|
pn
.
nom
|
respect-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
| ‘Pekka respects Matti’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
respecter
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Paul |
respecte |
Marie |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
respect.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul respects Marie.’ |
Georgian
p'at'iv-s s-c-em-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| p'et're-Ø |
mašo-s |
p'at'iv-s |
s-c-em-s |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
dat
|
respect-
dat
|
io
3-give-
r
.
ext
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Petre respects Masho.’ |
German
respektieren
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
respektier-t |
Marie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
respect-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl respects Marie.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
mǎa wǐe
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Paul |
ǎ |
Màrí |
màa |
wíê |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
hab
|
pn
|
surface
|
be_heavy
|
| ‘Paul respects Marie.’ |
Icari Dargwa
ħurmat b=irq'-uj
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Islam-il |
Nadir-ra |
ħurmat |
b=irq'-u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
respect.
abs
|
n
=do:
ipf
-
hab
|
| ‘Islam respects Nadir.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Irish
bí meas
|
Valency pattern:
aige_ar
|
| X: aige |
| Y: ar |
| Locus: XY |
| Tá |
meas |
aig |
Pól |
air |
Máire. |
|
be.
prs
|
respect
|
at
|
pn
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Pól respects Máire.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
rispettare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
rispett-a |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
respect-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo respects Maria.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| meħamad-li |
rasu-wa |
si |
b-ir-u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
respect
|
n
-do.
ipfv
-
th
|
| ‘Muhammad respects Ashura.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Kalderash Romani
thol laźav
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_pe
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: pe |
| Locus: Y |
| o |
Murš-a |
tho-l |
laźav |
pe |
Marijk-a |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
set-
prs
.3
sg
|
shame
|
on
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša respects Marijka.’ |
Kandyk Tabasaran
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_DAT
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: XY |
| rasul.i-n |
maˁhaˁmad.a-z |
uvaženije |
a |
|
pn
-
gen
|
pn
-
dat
|
respect
|
(
in
)
cop
(
prs
)
|
| ‘Pasul respects Mahamad.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Karata
adab gahaɬa
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_POSS
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: POSS |
| Locus: Y |
| ʕali-l |
aħmat’-i-b |
adab |
ge-da |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
obl
-
n
|
politeness
|
do-
ipf
|
| ‘Ali respects Ahmat.’ |
| Note: The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Kaytag Dargwa
hurmatbarara
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| petja-l |
miša-la |
c’aq’-li |
hurmat |
b-ir-u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
power-
erg
|
respect
|
n
-do.
ipf
-
evt
|
| ‘Petja respects Misha.’ |
Kazakh
sïyla
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
Maša-nï |
sïyla-ydï |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
respect-
prs
2.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya respects Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Khoekhoe
ǃgôa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru-b |
ge |
Maria-s-a |
ǃgôa |
hâ |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
pn
-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
respect
|
pfv
|
| ‘Peter respects Maria.’ |
Khwarshi
adab buwa
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN1
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN1 |
| Locus: Y |
| c'aldoq'an-e |
učitele-s |
adab |
b-u-ho |
|
pupil-
erg
|
teacher-
gen
1
|
respect(
iii
)
|
iii
-make-
prs
|
| ‘The pupil respects the teacher.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Kina Rutul
huˁrmaˁt waɁara
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a |
huˁrmaˁt |
w-aɁa-r=a |
asijet-ɨ-s |
|
pn
-
erg
|
respect
|
3-do.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
| ‘Rasul respects Asijat.’ |
Kumyk
hürmetlek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| patimat |
musa-nɨ |
hürmet-le-j |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
respect-
vblz
-3
sg
|
| ‘Patimat respects Musa.’ |
Latin
vereor
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| vere-mur |
quidem |
vos… |
et, |
si |
ita |
vultis, |
etiam |
time-mus: |
sed |
plus |
et |
vere-mur |
et |
time-mus |
de-os |
|
respect[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.1
pl
|
indeed
|
you.
acc
|
and
|
if
|
so
|
want[
prs
.
ind
].
act
.2
sg
|
even
|
fear[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.1
pl
|
but
|
more
|
and
|
respect[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.1
pl
|
and
|
fear[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.1
pl
|
god(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘We indeed respect you… and, if you prefer, even fear: but we respect and fear the gods even more.’ |
| Note: (Liv. XXXIX, 37, 17) |
Laz
uǯ-ap-a
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Käzim-i |
Fatma-s |
n-u-uǯ-am-s |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
dat
|
io
3-
ver
:
o
-listen-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Käzim respects Fatma.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
zūnjìng
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_dui
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: dui |
| Locus: Y |
| Zhāngsān |
duì |
Lǐsì |
zūnjìng |
|
pn
|
towards
|
pn
|
respect
|
| ‘Zhangsan respects Lisi.’ |
Mano
ɓɛ̀lɛ̄ yà
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| lɛ́ɛ̀ |
ē |
dàā |
ɓɛ̀lɛ̄ |
yà |
|
3
sg
.
ipfv
|
3
sg
.
refl
|
father
|
respect
|
sit:
ipfv
|
| ‘S/he respects his father.’ |
| Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above). |
Mehweb
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Islam-ini |
ħurmat |
b-iq'-an |
Nadir-la |
|
pn
-
erg
|
respect
|
n
-do:
ipfv
-
hab
|
pn
-
gen
|
| ‘Islam respects Nadir.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-a-pas-en-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| čelo-Ø |
anučia-s |
Ø-a-pas-en-s |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
dat
|
do
3-
val
-value-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Chelo holds Anuchia in high esteem.’ |
| Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
meχabed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
meχabed |
et |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
respect[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas respects Menachem.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
huˤrmet uˤvuˤχuˤn
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| murad-a |
q'urban-dı |
huˤrmet |
uˤvuˤχuˤ-re |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
respect(
a
)
|
a
.keep.
ipf
-
hab
|
| ‘Murad respects Kurban.’ |
| Note: The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked. |
Nanai
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Nivkh
urd
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
Ajsana-rоχ |
nеf |
ur-d |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
add
|
face
|
be_good-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik respects Ajsana.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
q’q’imate guruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_POSS
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: POSS |
| Locus: Y |
| pataħi-de |
musa-ƛƛi |
q’q’imate |
gw-iri |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
gen
|
esteem
|
do-
ipf
3
|
| ‘Patahi respects Musa.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Northern Mansi
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
čamarī=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ |
mǝ |
čаmаrī-m |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
aff
|
respect-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien respects Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å respektere
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
respektere-r |
Ola |
|
pn
|
respect-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Per respects Ola.’ |
Polish
szanować
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Krystyn-a |
szanuje |
Ann-ę |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
respect:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Krystyna respects Anna.’ |
Russian
uvažatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
uvaža-et |
Maš-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
respect(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja respects Maša.’ |
Serbian
poštovati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
poštuje |
Marij-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
respect.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar respects Maria.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
hɨχan χaqhɨ-n
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| basir |
hɨχan |
χaqhɨ-j |
karam |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
well
|
(
m
)catch.
pf
-
aor
.
m
|
pn
|
| ‘Basir respects Karam.’ |
Shughni
urmat čīdow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Šamil |
Azim |
urmat |
kix̌-t |
|
pn
|
pn
|
respect
|
do-3
sg
|
| ‘Shamil respects Azim.’ |
Skolt Saami
ciʹsttjed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
ciʹsttai |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
respect.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete respects Maria’ |
Slovak
vážiť si
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
si |
váži |
Mári-e |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
respect(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter respects Maria.’ |
Slovenian
spoštovati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Katarin-a |
spoštuje |
An-o |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
respect:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Katarina respects Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
r̂êz girtin
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Hîwa |
r̂êz-î |
Marî-î |
de-gir-ê |
|
pn
|
respect-
izf
|
pn
-
obl
|
ind
-catch.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa respects Marie.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Southern Rutul
hürmet havʔın
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| murad-a |
aydın-ı-s |
hürmet |
vaʔa-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
honour(
a
)
|
a
.do.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Murad respects Aydin.’ |
Spanish
respetar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
respet-a |
a |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
respect-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro respects Maria.’ |
Standard Arabic
Ɂiḥtarama
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-u-n |
yaḥtarimu |
Maryam-a |
|
pn
-
nom
-
indef
|
respect.
ipf
.3
m
|
pn
-
acc
|
| ‘Badr respects Maryam.’ |
Svan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| maizer-Ø |
lile-s |
a-l-gwen-i |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
dat
|
prv
:
dist
-
s
3-value-
prs
|
| ‘Maizer respects Lile (lit. ‘Maizer values Lile’).’ |
Swedish
att respektera
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
respektera-r |
Maja |
|
pn
|
respect-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn respects Maja.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| <Ni>re~respeto |
ni |
Pedro |
si |
Maria |
|
<
pv
>
ipfv
~respect
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
| ‘Pedro respects Maria.’ |
Telugu
ādariṁcu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pravīṇ |
maheṣ-ni |
ādaristāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
respect.
npst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen respects Mahesh.’ |
Tsakhur
huˁrmaˁt havʔıy
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aˁlee |
murad-ı-s |
huˁrmaˁt |
haaʔa |
|
pn
.
erg
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
respect(
a
)
|
a
.do.
ipf
|
| ‘Ali respects Murad.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
q'imat b-arq'-iz/b-irq'-iz
|
Valency pattern:
ERG/LOC(LAT)_GEN
|
| X: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| uršːi-le |
juldaš-la |
q'imat |
b-irq'-u |
|
boy-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
friend-
gen
|
respect
|
n
-do.
ipfv
-3
hab
.
prs
|
| ‘The boy respects his neighbor.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Tsugni Dargwa
ħurmat b-arq'-i / b-irq'-i
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_GEN
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| durħaˤ-li |
zumra-la |
ħurmat |
b-irq'-u |
|
boy-
erg
|
neighbor-
gen
|
respect
|
n
-do.
ipfv
-3
hab
.
prs
.
tr
|
| ‘The boy respects his neighbor.’ |
| Note: NP in the genitive is arguably a clause-level dependent. |
Turkish
saygı göstermek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Orhan-a |
saygı |
göster-ir |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
respect
|
show-
aor
|
| ‘Mehmet respects Orhan.’ |
Turoyo
kit- iqoro
|
Valency pattern:
OBJAGR_l
|
| X: OBJAGR |
| Y: l |
| Locus: XY |
| Gabriyel |
kət-le |
iqoro |
l |
Yuḥanən |
|
pn
|
exi
-
ls
.3
m
|
respect
|
to
|
pn
|
| ‘Gabriyel respects Yuḥanən.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Ulcha
uləsi-
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ti |
ńī |
rəbalka-du=də |
ulə |
tamata |
gursəl-bə |
uləs-i |
bi-či-t=gun |
|
that
|
human
|
fishing-
dat
=
emph
|
good
|
such
|
people-
acc
|
love-
prs
|
be-
pst
-3
pl
=
ptcl
|
| ‘... whoever was good at fishing, [everyone] liked such people.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. This example is taken from natural texts. |
Uzbek
hurmat qilmoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
Maša-ni |
hurmat |
qil-a-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
respect
|
do-
prs
2-3
sg
|
| ‘Petja respects Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
kabadʒa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
tolaa |
kabadʒ-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
respect-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
| ‘Obsa respects Tola.’ |
Zilo Andi
<j>-etʃ’uχa-jd.i-r
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di |
j-etʃ’uχa-jd.i-r |
marjam |
|
pn
-
erg
|
f
-big-
fct
.
pst
-
prog
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
| ‘Patimat respects Mariam.’ |
