‘remember’
| Argument frame: |
X
(remember)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
remembers
the house (where he grew up)
well.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
помнить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(помнить)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
хорошо помнит
дом (в котором вырос)
.
|
Abaza
dər.χ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| murád |
bzə́j-ta |
j-də́r-χ-əj-d |
a-tʒə́ |
d-ʕa-ʒə.n-gə́lə-z |
|
pn
|
good-
adv
|
3
sg
.
n
.
abs
+3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-know-
re
-
prs
-
dcl
|
def
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-
loc
-rise-
pst
.
nfin
|
| ‘Murad remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
qe-ṣ̂e.žʼə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| χʷəλfəʁe-m |
wəne-r |
deʁʷ-ew |
q-j-e-ṣ̂e-žʼə |
|
man-
obl
|
house-
abs
|
good-
adv
|
csl
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-know-
re
|
| ‘The man remembers the house well.’ |
Aghul
jurk’.ura-l alme-
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| aslan.a-n |
jurk’.ura-l |
alme-a |
χal |
|
pn
-
gen
|
heart-
super
|
{
super
}remains-
prs
|
house
|
| ‘Aslan remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Akhvakh (Northern)
rak’waroge bik’uruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| pataħi-ge |
č’ili |
šweq’e |
rak’wa-ro-ge |
godi |
|
pn
-
loc
|
house
|
very_well
|
heart-
obl
-
loc
|
n
.
cop
|
| ‘Patahi remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Andi (Zilo)
rok’or-ʔa <r>-iʁ.i
|
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
| X: AFF |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| pat’imati-<r>o |
haqχ’u |
ʃu-r |
rok’or-ʔa |
r-iʁ.i |
|
pn
-
aff
<
inan
2>
|
house[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
good-
inan
2
|
heart-
super
|
inan
2-stop.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Patimat remembers the house well.’ |
Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi)
ḏkġ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Abrahām |
yǝḏkǝġ-u |
l-ǝl-bēt |
ᵊmlīḥ |
|
pn
|
remember.
ipf
.3
ms
-
o
.3
ms
|
to-
art
-house
|
well
|
| ‘Abraham remembers the house well.’ |
Arabic (Northern Syrian)
tzakkar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Aḥmad |
tzakkar |
bēt |
ahal-u |
|
pn
|
remember.
pfv
.3
m
|
house
|
family-
poss
.3
m
|
| ‘Ahmad remembered the house of his family.’ |
Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth)
z.k.r
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Shadi |
bitzakkar |
il-bēt |
mnīḥ |
|
pn
|
recall.
prs
.3
m
.
sg
|
def
-house
|
good
|
| ‘Shadi remembers the house well.’ |
Arabic (standard)
taḏakkara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-un |
yataḏakkaru |
l-bayt-a |
ǧayyidan |
|
pn
-
nom
|
remember.
ipf
.3
m
|
def
-house-
acc
|
well
|
| ‘Badr remembers the house well.’ |
Archi
ikʼma -i
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| paša-s |
mu-ši |
ikʼm=i |
žu-n-tʼu |
noʟʼ |
|
pn
-
dat
|
be.good-
advz
|
heart.
loc
=4.be
|
self.
m
-
gen
-4.
ptcl
|
house
|
| ‘Pasha remembers his house well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Armenian (Eastern)
hišel
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petros-ə |
lav |
ē+hišum |
tun-ə |
|
pn
[
nom
]-
def
|
good
|
remember:
psr
:3
sg
|
house[
nom
]-
def
|
| ‘Petros remembers the house well.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
taxər
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| sava |
+spay |
bətxar=ələ |
bet=ət |
gan-u |
|
old.
m
|
good
|
remember.
prog
=3
m
|
house(
m
)=
rel
|
refl
(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘The oldman remembers his house well.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Avar
rak’alda buk’ine
|
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ʕali-da |
ruq’ |
c’aq’ |
ɬik’ |
rak’-alda |
b-ugo |
|
pn
-
loc
|
house
|
very
|
good
|
heart-
obl
.
loc
|
n
-
cop
|
| ‘Ali remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Azerbaijani
yadında qalmaq
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| böyü-düy-ü |
ev |
Aslan-ın |
yaxşı |
yad-ı-nda |
qal-ıb |
|
grow-
ptcp
.
pst
-
poss
3
|
house
|
pn
-
gen
|
good
|
memory-
poss
3-
loc
|
remain-
perf
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
| Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Bafut
wáʔátə̂
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| àmbɛ́ |
à |
wáʔátə́-nᵼ̀ |
ǹdâ |
já |
sᵼ́gᵼ́nᵼ̀ |
|
pn
|
sm
|
remember-
ipfv
|
house
|
def
|
well
|
| ‘Ambe remembers the house well.’ |
Bambara
hákili` jìgin
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Sékù |
hákili` |
jìgin-na |
à |
ka |
dùgu` |
lá |
|
pn
|
reason\
art
|
descend-
pfv
.
intr
|
3
sg
|
poss
|
village\
art
|
in
|
| ‘Seku remembers his village.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Bartangi
|
Valency pattern:
POSS_NOM
|
| X: POSS |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Ahmed-ā |
bašand-aθ |
čod |
wi |
ba |
yoδ |
|
pn
-
poss
|
good-
int
|
house
|
d
3.
m
.
sg
.
o
|
to
|
memory
|
| ‘Ahmed remembers his home well.’ |
| Note: The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. Non-verbal predicate. |
Belarusian
pamiatać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Alieś |
dobra |
pamiata-je |
dom |
dzie |
jon |
vyras |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
where
|
he.
nom
|
grow_up(
pfv
).
pst
.
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Ales remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Budugh
k'eʕan ınkan
|
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ug-o |
boʕlus |
saxha |
k'ul |
aslan-a' |
ʕari |
k'eʕan |
ipkin-ci |
|
refl
-
gen
|
older
|
m
.be.
pfv
(
ptcp
)
|
house(
a
)
|
pn
-
loc
|
good
|
heart.
adv
|
a
.remain.
pfv
-
prf
|
| ‘Aslan remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Bulgarian
pomnya
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Petăr |
dobre |
pomni |
dom-a, |
v |
koyto |
e |
otrasna-l |
|
pn
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
def
.
short
.
m
.
sg
|
in
|
which.
m
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
grow(
pfv
)-
past
.
ptcp
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Catalan
recordar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
record-a |
bé |
la |
casa |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
well
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere remembers the house well.’ |
Chechen
daga-AGR-aa
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| Islam-ana |
c’aa |
dika |
daga-d-ooghu |
|
pn
-
dat
|
house.
abs
|
good
|
heart-
d
-come.
prs
|
| ‘Islam remembers the house well.’ |
Chinese (Mandarin)
jìde
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
hái |
qīngchǔ-de |
jìde |
nè-dòng |
fángzi |
|
pn
|
still
|
clear-
de
|
remember
|
that-
clf
|
house
|
| ‘Zhangsan still remembers the house clearly.’ |
Chirag
urč’ili elgi
|
Valency pattern:
SUPER_ABS
|
| X: SUPER |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| ʡa̰li-l-i |
taˤ-tːa-la |
qale |
ʡa̰χː-le |
urč’i-l-i |
elg-un-ne |
|
pn
-
obl
-
super
|
dist
-
pl
-
gen
|
house(
abs
)
|
good-
adv
|
heart-
obl
-
super
|
stay:
pf
-
aor
-
res
.
prs
.3
|
| ‘Ali remembers their house well.’ |
Croatian
sjećati se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Per-o |
se |
dobro |
sjeća |
kuć-e |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Pero remembers the house well.’ |
Czech
pamatovat si
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
si |
dobře |
ten |
dům |
pamatuje |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
well
|
this.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petr remembers this house well.’ |
Danish
huske
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
huske-r |
hus-et |
meget |
godt |
|
pn
|
remember-
prs
|
house(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
very
|
well
|
| ‘Peter remembers the house very well.’ |
Dargwa (Itsari)
han-B-ig-al
|
Valency pattern:
SUPER.LAT_ABS
|
| X: SUPER.LAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| Islam-li-j |
qal |
ʕaˤħ-il |
han-b-ig-al |
|
pn
-
obl
-
super
(
lat
)
|
house(
abs
)
|
good-
adv
|
remember-
n
-
lv
.
ipfv
-
prs
|
| ‘Islam remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Irregular verb. Citation form is the present tense form. |
Dargwa (Kadar)
CL-ah-es / CL-al-es
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| meħamad-li |
žawga-le |
b-al-a |
qali |
ca-j |
χugi |
w-aˤʁ-ib-il |
|
pn
-
erg
|
beautiful-
adv
|
n
-know.
ipfv
-
th
|
house
|
self-
m
|
big
|
m
-reach.
pfv
-
pret
-
atr
|
| ‘Muhammad remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Dargwa (Kaytag)
hanbiχ:aˁra
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petja-l |
ši |
ʕaˁħ-li |
hanbiχχ-aˁv-di |
|
pn
-
erg
|
village
|
good-
adv
|
n
.remember.
pf
-
aor
-
pst
|
| ‘Petja remembers the house well.’ |
Dargwa (Kubachi)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| gal-i |
ʡaˤχ-le |
han |
tib-al |
šːe |
|
boy-
dat
|
good-
adv
|
mind
|
exst
.
dist
.
n
-still
|
village
|
| ‘The boy remembers the village well.’ |
Dargwa (Tsudakhar)
han b-ič-iz/b-irč-iz
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| uršːi-z |
šːi |
ʡaˤħ-le |
han |
b-irk-ule=sab |
|
boy-
dat
|
village
|
good-
adv
|
mind
|
n
-get.
ipfv
-
prog
.
cnv
=
cop
.
exst
:
n
(3)
|
| ‘The boy remembers the village well.’ |
Dargwa (Tsugni)
han + COP
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| durħaˤ-j |
šːi |
han=leb-ala |
|
boy-
dat
|
village
|
mind=
cop
.
exst
:
n
-3
|
| ‘The boy remembers the village well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Dutch
herinneren
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
herinner-t |
het |
huis |
goed |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
remember-3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
house(
n
)
|
good
|
| ‘Piet remembers the house well.’ |
Enets (Forest)
biis
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
sɔja-j-da |
kamozo-da |
sɔjza-an |
biiʔɛ-za |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
be_born(
pfv
)-
ptcp
.
ant
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
house-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
good-
prol
.
sg
|
remember(
ipfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
| ‘My friend remembers well the house where he was born’. |
English
remember
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
remembers |
the |
house |
where |
he |
grew |
up |
well. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
mäletama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
mäleta-b |
maja |
hästi |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house.
sg
.
part
|
well
|
| ‘Peeter remembers the house well.’ |
Finnish
muistaa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
muist-aa |
talo-n |
hyv-in |
|
pn
.
nom
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
|
good-
adv
|
| ‘Pekka remembers the house well.’ |
French
se souvenir
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
se |
souvient |
de |
la |
maison |
où |
il |
a |
passé |
son |
enfance |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
where
|
he
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
pass.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
childhood(
m
)
|
| ‘Paul remembers the house where he spent his childhood .’ |
Gascon
se soven
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pau |
se |
soven |
hòrt |
ben |
de |
l’=ostau |
|
pn
|
refl
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
very
|
well
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
m
=house
|
| ‘Pau remembers the house very well.’ |
Gban
gbí … zɔ̰́ lé
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Zá̰ |
gbí |
‶ |
zɔ̰̏=lȅ |
ȁ |
sa̋ |
bɛ̏ |
là |
cɛ́ |
|
pn
|
breast
|
3
sg
|
ipfv
\be_complete=
loc
2
|
s/he/it
|
house
|
there
|
on
|
correctly
|
| ‘Zan remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Georgian
Ø-a-xs-ov-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| p'et're-s |
is |
saxl-i |
k'arg-ad |
Ø-a-xs-ov-s |
|
pn
-
dat
|
dem
.
dist
_
nom
|
house-
nom
|
good-
adv
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-remember-
r
.
ext
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Petre remembers that house well.’ |
German
sich erinnern
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_anACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: anACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
erinner-t |
sich |
an |
das |
Haus, |
in |
dem |
er |
aufgewachsen |
ist |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
at
|
def
.
n
.
acc
.
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
which.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
he.
nom
|
grow_up.
ptcp
2
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Karl remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Hebrew (modern)
zoχer
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
zoχer |
tov |
et |
ha |
bajt |
|
pn
|
remember[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
good
|
do
|
def
|
house
|
| ‘Pinchas remembers the house well.’ |
Hindi
yād honā
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_DIR
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: X |
| Pratīk |
ko |
apn-ā |
ghar |
acche |
se |
yād |
hɛ |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
acc
/
dat
|
own-
m
.
sg
.
dir
|
house(
m
).
sg
.
dir
|
good.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
abl
|
memory(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Prateek remembers his home well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Indonesian (standard)
meng-ingat
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Abdul |
meng-ingat |
rumah-nya |
dengan |
baik |
|
pn
|
act
-remember
|
house-3
sg
|
with
|
good
|
| ‘Pinchas remembers the house well.’ |
Irish
cuimhnigh
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Cuimhn-íonn |
Peter |
an |
tigh |
d’´=fhag |
sé |
suas |
go_maith. |
|
remember-
prs
|
pn
|
def
|
house
|
pst
=grow
|
he
|
up
|
well
|
| ‘Pól remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Italian
ricordare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
ricord-a |
bene |
la |
cas-a |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
|
well
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house-
sg
.
f
|
| ‘Leo remembers the house well.’ |
Karata
rak’wa-č’o bik’waɬa
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ʕalja |
misa |
c’aq’a |
rak’wa-č’o |
idja |
|
pn
.
dat
|
house
|
well
|
heart-
cont
|
cop
|
| ‘Ali remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kazakh
es-і-nde saqta
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
üy-dі |
žaqsï |
es-і-nde |
saqta-ɣan |
|
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good
|
memory-
poss
3-
loc
|
keep-
pst
2.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya remembers the house good.’ |
Khanty (Kazym)
nǫmti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en |
rǫt |
χɔt-ǝλ |
jǎma |
nǫm-λ-ǝλλe |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
native
|
house-
poss
.3
sg
|
well
|
remember-
npst
-3
sg
.
so
|
| ‘Petja remembers his native home well.’ |
Khoekhoe
ǂâihō
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru-b |
ge |
om-s-a |
ǃamkuse |
ra |
ǂâihō |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
house-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
properly
|
ipfv
|
remember
|
| ‘Peter remembers the house well.’ |
Khwarshi
liqa
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| di-l |
k'ʷet' |
li:qe |
aq |
|
1
sg
-
dat
|
well
|
remember\
gnt
|
house(
iv
)
|
| ‘I remember the house well.’ |
Komi-Permyak
помнитны
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Петя |
бура |
помнит-ö |
ас-сис |
керку |
|
pn
|
хорошо
|
помнить-
prs
.3
|
свой-
abl
.
p
.3
|
дом
|
| ‘Петя хорошо помнит дом.’ |
Komi-Zyrian
pomńitni̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
bura |
pomńit-e̮ |
gort-se̮ |
|
pn
|
well
|
remember-
prs
.3
|
house-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja remembers the house well.’ |
Kpelle (Guinean)
kíli káa
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Zálikwɛ̀lɛ |
kíli |
káa |
ɲá |
|
n
zerekore
|
spirit
|
be
|
1
sg
.on3
|
| ‘I remember Nzerekore.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Nzerekore is the capital of Forest Guinea. |
Kryz (Alik)
k'iyiğ ghala xhiyic
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ug |
buʔu-d |
xhiyi |
k'ul |
terlan |
k'iy-iğ |
ghala |
ipkun-cu |
|
refl
.
m
(
nom
)
|
big-
subst
.
nn
.
nom
|
be.
pfv
.
ptcp
|
house(
f
)
|
pn
(
gen
)
|
heart.
obl
-
super
|
good
|
f
.remain.
pfv
-
perf
.
f
|
| ‘Terlan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked. |
Kryz (Ismayilli)
k'e ... yipkinic
|
Valency pattern:
INESS_NOM
|
| X: INESS |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| aslan-a |
k'e |
uga |
beyli |
xhay-id |
k'ul |
ghala |
yipkun-co |
|
pn
-
iness
|
heart.
iness
|
refl
.
iness
|
big
|
be.
pf
-
aor
.
m
|
house(
f
)
|
well
|
f
.remain.
pf
-
perf
.
f
|
| ‘Aslan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
| Note: Arguably, the possessor NP is a clause-level dependent. |
Kryz (proper)
yik'ü qücu
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| aslan |
yik'ü |
ug |
bu-d |
xhi |
yaʕa |
k'ul |
ʕayara |
qücu |
|
pn
(
gen
)
|
heart.
obl
.
ad
|
refl
.
m
|
big-
nn
.
nom
|
be.
pf
|
exist.
pf
.
ptcp
|
house(
f
)
|
good
|
be_on.
f
|
| ‘Aslan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
| Note: The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked. |
Kumyk
esPOSS.LOC turmaq
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| mahammat-nɨ |
öz-ü |
ös-gen |
üj-ü |
es-in-de |
|
pn
-
gen
|
self-3
sg
|
grow-
pf
|
house-3
sg
|
memory-3
sg
-
loc
|
| ‘Muhammad remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kurdish (Sorani)
le bîr bûn
|
Valency pattern:
EXT_SBJ.INTR
|
| X: EXT |
| Y: SBJ.INTR |
| Locus: X |
| Hîwa |
maɫ-eke=î |
le |
bîr-e |
|
pn
|
house-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
from
|
thought-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa remembers the house.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
bîr- hatin (intr)
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| mal |
tê |
bîr-a |
zilam |
|
house(
f
)
|
prs
.come.
ipfv
.3
sg
|
mind-
ez
.
f
|
man
|
| ‘The man remembers the house.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Lak (Quba)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Maħammad-u-n |
qin-nu |
dak’-ni-j |
b-ur |
qːatːa |
cu-wa |
quna |
xu-sːa |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
good-
advbz
|
heart-
obl
-
sup
|
3-be.
prs
.3
p
|
house
|
self-1.
ptcl
|
big
|
become-
attr
|
| ‘Mohammad remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Latin
memini
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| numer-os |
memin-i, |
nisi |
verb-a |
tenere-m |
|
melody(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
remember[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.1
sg
|
not_if
|
word(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
|
recall[
ipfv
.
sbjv
.
act
]-1
sg
|
| ‘I remember the melody, even if I couldn’t recall the words.’ |
| Note: (Verg. Ecl. 9, 45) |
Laz
o-š-un-u
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Käzim-i-s |
oxo(r)-i |
ko-Ø-š-um-s |
|
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
house-
nom
|
aff
-
io
3-remember-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Käzim remembers the house.’ |
Lezgian (Yargun)
rik’al alama (alama = locative copula)
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| viç |
çˈexi |
xhii |
kˈval |
Sahib-a-n |
rikˈ-a-l |
qhsan |
ala-ma |
|
self
|
big
|
become.
aop
|
house
|
pn
-
obl
-
gen
|
heart-
obl
-
sup
|
well
|
be.on-
cont
|
| ‘Sahib vividly remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Macedonian
se seḱava
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_na
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: na |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
dobro |
se |
seḱava |
na |
kuḱa-ta |
|
pn
|
well
|
refl
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
on
|
house(
f
).
sg
-
art
.
f
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar remembers the house well.’ |
Maltese
ftakar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ġwanni |
jiftakar |
sew |
id-dar |
|
pn
|
remember.
ipf
.
m
3
sg
|
well
|
def
-house
|
| ‘Ġwanni remembers the house well.’ |
Maninka (Eastern)
NEG ɲìna
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ko
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ko |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
má |
ɲìna |
só` |
kɔ́. |
|
pn
|
aor
.
neg
|
forget
|
village\
art
|
behind
|
| ‘Seku remembers the village.’ |
Mano
ŋwɔ̀míní sí
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| ē |
ŋ̄ |
ŋwɔ̀míní |
sí |
|
3
sg
.
pst
|
1
sg
|
memory
|
take
|
| ‘S/he remembered me.’ |
| Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above). |
Mansi (Northern)
nomite
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| am |
nom-i-l-um |
kol-um |
xot |
jānij-m-as-um |
|
1
sg
|
remember-
npst
-
sg
.
o
-1
sg
.
s
|
house-
poss
.1
sg
|
where
|
big-
vbz
-
pst
-1
sg
|
| ‘I remember the house where I grew up.’ |
Mehweb
urče- le-
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Islam-is |
urče-b |
le-b |
sa<w>i |
χʷala |
w-aʔ-ib-i |
qali |
|
pn
-
dat
|
heart.
in
-
n
(
ess
)
|
be-
n
|
self<
m
>
|
big
|
m
-arrive:
pfv
-
pst
-
attr
|
house
|
| ‘Islam remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Mingrelian
Ø-š-u(n)-Ø (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| čelo-s |
muš-(i) |
ʔude-Ø |
Ø-š-u(n)-Ø |
|
pn
-
dat
|
refl
.
poss
-(
nom
)
|
house-
nom
|
io
3-remember-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
| ‘Chelo remembers his house.’ |
Nanai
əǯəčə-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
mənə |
urə-xəm-bə |
ǯoo-wa |
ulə |
əǯə-čə-j-ni |
|
pn
|
refl
|
grow-
pst
-
obl
|
house-
obl
|
good
|
remember-
res
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Nivkh
hujvud
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
ur-gur̥ |
pʰ-raf |
+ |
hujvu-d |
|
pn
|
good-
adv
:3
sg
|
rfl
-house
|
+
|
remember-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik remembers his house well.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å huske
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
huske-r |
godt |
hus-et |
hvor |
han |
voks-te |
opp |
|
pn
|
remember-
prs
|
well
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
where
|
he
|
grow-
pst
|
up
|
| ‘Per remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Oromo (West Central)
jaadata
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
man-ittʃa |
sirrii-tti |
jaadat-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house-
def
.
abs
|
right-
loc
|
remember-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
| ‘Obsa remembers the house well.’ |
Persian
be yād dāštan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ahmad |
xāne-rā |
bexūbī |
be |
yād |
dār-ad |
|
pn
|
house-
acc
|
well
|
to
|
memory
|
have.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmad remembers the house well.’ |
Polish
pamiętać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Staszek |
dobrz-e |
pamięta |
dom |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
good-
adv
|
remember:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Staszek remembers the house well.’ |
Portuguese (Brazilian)
lembrar-se
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
se |
lembr-a |
bem |
da |
casa |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
|
well
|
of+
def
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro remembers the house well.’ |
Romani (Kalderash)
sərəl
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
Murš-a |
mišto |
sərə-l |
khər |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
well
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Murša remembers the house well.’ |
Romanian
ași aminti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru |
își |
amintește |
bine |
сas-a |
în |
care |
a |
crescut |
|
pn
|
refl
.
dat
.
nant
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
well
|
house-
def
.
dir
|
in
|
which
|
aux
.3
sg
|
grow.
pst
.
ptcp
|
| ‘Petru remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Russian
pomnitʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_oLOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: oLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
xorošo |
pomn-it |
dom, |
v |
kotor-om |
vyros |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
],
|
in
|
which-
m
.
loc
.
sg
|
grow_up(
pfv
).
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Rutul (Kina)
jik’i ʁamada
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s |
hɨχa-na |
jik’-i |
ʁa-ma<d>a |
juǯ |
q’ɨxe |
jiši-d |
χal |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
well
|
heart-
obl
(
sup
)
|
pv
-<4>remain
|
self
|
big
|
1.become-
attr
|
home(
nom
)
|
| ‘Rasul remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Rutul (Mukhad)
jik'ıı ʁadgın
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| murad-ı-s |
jıχ-ana |
jik'-ıı |
ʁa |
χal |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
good-
adv
|
heart-
super
|
be_on
|
house
|
| ‘Murad remembers the house well.’ |
Rutul (Myukhrek)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| mırad-ıs |
xal |
yik'-i |
ğana |
yi |
|
pn
-
dat
|
house
|
heart-
super
|
be_on.
cv
|
n
.
cop
|
| ‘Murad remembers the house.’ |
Rutul (Shin-Borch)
yik'i yidq’ın
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| murad-ı-s |
xal |
yıxane |
yik'-i |
aˤğuˤ-r |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
house
|
well
|
heart-
super
|
(
n
)go.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Murad remembers the house well.’ |
Rutul (Shinaz)
hik'i-j ʁatkɨ-n
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| basir-ɨs |
hɨχan |
hik'i-j |
ʁa-mad |
χal |
|
pn
-
dat
|
well
|
heart.
obl
-
super
|
be_on-
contin
|
house
|
| ‘Basir remembers the house well.’ |
Saami (Skolt)
mošttjed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
moštt |
tõn |
põõrt |
puârast |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
dist
.
sg
.
acc
|
house.
sg
.
acc
|
well
|
| ‘Pete remembers that house well.’ |
Sagada
rok’ƛ’o joł
|
Valency pattern:
GEN2_ABS
|
| X: GEN2 |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| Pat’imat-zo |
rok’-ƛ’o |
joł |
Maħamad |
|
pn
-
gen
2
|
heart-
sup
|
cop
|
pn
|
| ‘Patimat remembers Magomed.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent. |
Serbian
sećati se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
se |
dobro |
seća |
kuć-e |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
well
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar remembers the house well.’ |
Shughni
fāmtow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM.CL |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Saida |
di |
čīd |
xip=aθ |
fam-t |
|
pn
|
d
2.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
house
|
good=
adv
|
know-3
sg
|
| ‘Saida remembers the house well.’ |
Slovak
pamätať si
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
si |
dobre |
pamätá |
tento |
dom |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
this.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Peter remembers this house well.’ |
Slovenian
spominjati se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
se |
dobro |
spominja |
dom-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
well
|
remember:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter remembers the house well.’ |
Spanish
recordar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
recuerd-a |
muy |
bien |
la |
casa |
en |
que |
se |
cri-ó |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
very
|
well
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
in
|
which[
sg
.
f
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
grow-
aor
.3
sg
|
| ‘Pedro remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Svan
a-Ø-mt'q'ašq'id (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| maizer-s |
kor-Ø |
xoča-Ø |
a-Ø-mt'q'ašq'id |
|
pn
-
dat
|
house-
nom
|
good-
nom
|
prv
:
dist
-
io
3-remember
|
| ‘Maizer remembers the house well.’ |
Swedish
att komma ihåg
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
komm-er |
ihåg |
sitt |
barndomshem |
väl |
|
pn
|
come-
prs
|
to_mind
|
poss
.
refl
.
n
.
sg
|
childhood_home
|
well
|
| ‘Björn remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Tabasaran (Kandyk)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| maˁhaˁmad.a-z |
baʁri |
χal |
uc̊ːuji |
k’a-in=ǯa |
|
pn
-
dat
|
native
|
house(
abs
)
|
well
|
heart-
super
=(
in
)be(
prs
)
|
| ‘Mahamad remembers well his house.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Tagalog
maaalala
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| na-a~alala |
pa |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
bahay |
na |
kinalakihan |
niya |
|
pot
.
pv
-
ipfv
~remember
|
still
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
house
|
lin
|
place_where_one_grew_up
|
3.
sg
.
gen
|
| ‘Pedro still remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Telugu
gurtu uṁḍu
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| pravīṇ-ki |
iḷḷu |
bāgā |
gurt' |
uṁdi |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
house(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
well
|
mark(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
.
nm
|
| ‘Praveen remembers the house well.’ |
Tsakhur
yik’ely qhıхhay
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| murad-ı-s |
vudž |
хaˁr |
qhıхha-yn |
хav |
yik’-e-ly |
vo-d |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
m
.self
|
big.
h
|
re
.(
m
)be.
pf
-
ptcp
.
n
|
house
|
heart-
obl
-
super
|
cop
-
n
|
| ‘Murad remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Tswana
gopola
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| ke-gopol-a |
Ø-ntlo |
ya-ba-tsadi |
ba-me |
|
s
i
:1
sg
-remember-
fv
|
sg
-house(9)
|
cl9.
gen
-
pl
-parent(2)
|
cl2.
gen
-1
sg
.
pro
|
| ‘I remember my parents’ house.’ |
Turkish
hatırlamak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
büyü-düğ-ü |
ev-i |
iyi |
hatırlı-yor |
|
pn
|
grow-
ptcp
.
pst
-
p
.3
|
house-
p
.3
|
good
|
remember-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Turoyo
oṯe l bol-
|
Valency pattern:
EXT_SBJ.SS
|
| X: EXT |
| Y: SBJ.SS |
| Locus: X |
| Gabriyel |
k-oṯe |
u |
bayto |
l |
bol-e |
|
pn
|
prs
-come.
ipfv
.3
m
|
art
.
m
|
house(
m
)
|
to
|
mind(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Gabriyel remembers the house.’ |
Twi
kae
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kofi |
kae |
fie |
no |
yie |
|
pn
|
remember.
prs
|
house
|
def
|
well
|
| ‘Kofi remembers the house well.’ |
Udi
eyex
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_ABS
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| k'oj |
Gena-y |
şaat' |
eyex=e |
|
house
|
pn
-
gen
|
good
|
in_memory=3
sg
|
| ‘Gena remembers the house well.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Udmurt
tod-INE.POSS voźi̮ni̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
korka-ze |
tod-az |
voz-je |
|
pn
.
nom
|
house-
poss
.3
sg
.
acc
|
memory-
ine
.
poss
.3
sg
|
hold-
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja remembers his house.’ |
Ukrainian
pamjataty
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr-o |
harno |
pamjataj-e |
dim |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petro remembers the house well.’ |
Ulcha
əǯəči-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama |
ulən-ǯi |
əǯə-č-i-ni |
mə̄n |
bi-čim |
xagdu-wa |
|
father
|
good-
adv
|
remember-
iter
-
prs
-3
sg
|
self
|
be-
pst
.
refl
.
sg
|
house-
acc
|
| ‘Father remembers the house where he lived well.’ |
Uzbek
eslab qolmoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
uy-ni |
yaxši |
esla-b |
qol-di |
|
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good
|
remember-
cvb
|
leave-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja remembers the house well.’ |
Wolof
fàttaliku
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBJ |
| Locus: TR |
| maangi-y |
fàttali-ku |
bes |
b-a |
nu |
dajee |
foofa |
|
s
i
:1
sg
.
prst
-
incpl
|
remind-
mid
|
day(
b
)
|
cl
b
-
rel
|
s
i
:1
pl
|
meet
|
there
|
| I remember the day when we met there.’ |
Yukaghir (Northern)
lǝjrī=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
nimǝ-lǝ |
аm-u-tnǝ |
lǝjrī-m |
|
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good-
stat
-
adv
|
remember-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien remembers the house well.’ |
Zazaki
|
Valency pattern:
ra.PREP_SBJ.INTR
|
| X: ra.PREP |
| Y: SBJ.INTR |
| Locus: X |
| kɛjɛ |
rɨnd |
jɛ-n-o |
ra=hɛsɛn-i |
vir-i |
|
house
|
well
|
come.
prs
-
aug
-3
sg
.
m
|
to=
pn
-
obl
|
memory-
m
.
obl
|
| ‘He remembers the house well.’ |