‘remember’
Argument frame: |
X
(remember)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
remembers
the house (where he grew up)
well.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
помнить
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(помнить)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
хорошо помнит
дом (в котором вырос)
.
|
Abaza
dər.χ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
murád |
bzə́j-ta |
j-də́r-χ-əj-d |
a-tʒə́ |
d-ʕa-ʒə.n-gə́lə-z |
pn
|
good-
adv
|
3
sg
.
n
.
abs
+3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-know-
re
-
prs
-
dcl
|
def
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-
loc
-rise-
pst
.
nfin
|
‘Murad remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
qe-ṣ̂e.žʼə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
χʷəλfəʁe-m |
wəne-r |
deʁʷ-ew |
q-j-e-ṣ̂e-žʼə |
man-
obl
|
house-
abs
|
good-
adv
|
csl
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-know-
re
|
‘The man remembers the house well.’ |
Aghul
jurk’.ura-l alme-
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
aslan.a-n |
jurk’.ura-l |
alme-a |
χal |
pn
-
gen
|
heart-
super
|
{
super
}remains-
prs
|
house
|
‘Aslan remembers the house well.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Alik Kryz
k'iyiğ ghala xhiyic
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ug |
buʔu-d |
xhiyi |
k'ul |
terlan |
k'iy-iğ |
ghala |
ipkun-cu |
refl
.
m
(
nom
)
|
big-
subst
.
nn
.
nom
|
be.
pfv
.
ptcp
|
house(
f
)
|
pn
(
gen
)
|
heart.
obl
-
super
|
good
|
f
.remain.
pfv
-
perf
.
f
|
‘Terlan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked. |
Archi
ikʼma -i
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
paša-s |
mu-ši |
ikʼm=i |
žu-n-tʼu |
noʟʼ |
pn
-
dat
|
be.good-
advz
|
heart.
loc
=4.be
|
self.
m
-
gen
-4.
ptcl
|
house
|
‘Pasha remembers the house well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
taxər
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
sava |
+spay |
bətxar=ələ |
bet=ət |
gan-u |
old.
m
|
good
|
remember.
prog
=3
m
|
house(
m
)=
rel
|
refl
(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘The oldman remembers his house well.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Avar
rak’alda buk’ine
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ʕali-da |
ruq’ |
c’aq’ |
ɬik’ |
rak’-alda |
b-ugo |
pn
-
loc
|
house
|
very
|
good
|
heart-
obl
.
loc
|
n
-
cop
|
‘Ali remembers the house well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Azerbaijani
yadında qalmaq
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
böyü-düy-ü |
ev |
Aslan-ın |
yaxşı |
yad-ı-nda |
qal-ıb |
grow-
ptcp
.
pst
-
poss
3
|
house
|
pn
-
gen
|
good
|
memory-
poss
3-
loc
|
remain-
perf
(3)
|
‘Aslan remembers the house where we grew up well.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Bafut
wáʔátə̂
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
àmbɛ́ |
à |
wáʔátə́-nᵼ̀ |
ǹdâ |
já |
sᵼ́gᵼ́nᵼ̀ |
pn
|
sm
|
remember-
ipfv
|
house
|
def
|
well
|
‘Ambe remembers the house well.’ |
Bambara
hákili` jìgin
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Sékù |
hákili` |
jìgin-na |
à |
ka |
dùgu` |
lá |
pn
|
reason\
art
|
descend-
pfv
.
intr
|
3
sg
|
poss
|
village\
art
|
in
|
‘Seku remembers his village.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Brazilian Portuguese
lembrar-se
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
se |
lembr-a |
bem |
da |
casa |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
|
well
|
of+
def
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
‘Pedro remembers the house well.’ |
Budugh
k'eʕan ınkan
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ug-o |
boʕlus |
saxha |
k'ul |
aslan-a' |
ʕari |
k'eʕan |
ipkin-ci |
refl
-
gen
|
older
|
(
m
)be.
pf
|
house(
a
)
|
pn
-
loc
|
good
|
heart.
lat
|
a
.remain.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Catalan
recordar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
record-a |
bé |
la |
casa |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
well
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
‘Pere remembers the house well.’ |
Chirag
urč’ili elgi
Valency pattern:
SUPER_ABS
|
X: SUPER |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
ʡa̰li-l-i |
taˤ-tːa-la |
qale |
ʡa̰χː-le |
urč’i-l-i |
elg-un-ne |
pn
-
obl
-
super
|
dist
-
pl
-
gen
|
house(
abs
)
|
good-
adv
|
heart-
obl
-
super
|
stay:
pf
-
aor
-
res
.
prs
.3
|
‘Ali remembers their house well.’ |
Czech
pamatovat si
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
si |
dobře |
ten |
dům |
pamatuje |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
well
|
this.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Petr remembers this house well.’ |
Danish
huske
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
huske-r |
hus-et |
meget |
godt |
pn
|
remember-
prs
|
house(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
very
|
well
|
‘Peter remembers the house very well.’ |
Dutch
herinneren
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
herinner-t |
het |
huis |
goed |
pn
(
c
)
|
remember-3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
house(
n
)
|
good
|
‘Piet remembers the house well.’ |
Eastern Maninka
NEG ɲìna
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ko
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ko |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
má |
ɲìna |
só` |
kɔ́. |
pn
|
aor
.
neg
|
forget
|
village\
art
|
behind
|
‘Seku remembers the village.’ |
English
remember
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
remembers |
the |
house |
where |
he |
grew |
up |
well. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
mäletama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
mäleta-b |
maja |
hästi |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house.
sg
.
part
|
well
|
‘Peeter remembers the house well.’ |
Finnish
muistaa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
muist-aa |
talo-n |
hyv-in |
pn
.
nom
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
|
good-
adv
|
‘Pekka remembers the house well.’ |
Forest Enets
biis
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
sɔja-j-da |
kamozo-da |
sɔjza-an |
biiʔɛ-za |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
be_born(
pfv
)-
ptcp
.
ant
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
house-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
good-
prol
.
sg
|
remember(
ipfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend remembers well the house where he was born’. |
French
se souvenir
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Paul |
se |
souvient |
de |
la |
maison |
où |
il |
a |
passé |
son |
enfance |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
where
|
he
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
pass.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
childhood(
m
)
|
‘Paul remembers the house where he spent his childhood .’ |
Georgian
Ø-a-xs-ov-s (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
is |
saxl-i |
k'arg-ad |
Ø-a-xs-ov-s |
pn
-
dat
|
dem
.
dist
_
nom
|
house-
nom
|
good-
adv
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-remember-
r
.
ext
-
s
3
sg
|
‘Petre remembers that house well.’ |
German
sich erinnern
Valency pattern:
NOM_anACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: anACC |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
erinner-t |
sich |
an |
das |
Haus, |
in |
dem |
er |
aufgewachsen |
ist |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
at
|
def
.
n
.
acc
.
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
which.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
he.
nom
|
grow_up.
ptcp
2
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Karl remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
kíli káa
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Zálikwɛ̀lɛ |
kíli |
káa |
ɲá |
n
zerekore
|
spirit
|
be
|
1
sg
.on3
|
‘I remember Nzerekore.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Nzerekore is the capital of Forest Guinea. |
Icari Dargwa
han=b=ug-araj
Valency pattern:
SUPLAT_ABS
|
X: SUPLAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
Islam-lij |
qal |
ʕaˤħ-il |
han=b=ig-al |
pn
-
suplat
|
house.
abs
|
good-
adv
|
remember=
n
=
lv
:
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Islam remembers the house well.’ |
Irish
cuimhnigh
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Cuimhn-íonn |
Peter |
an |
tigh |
d’´=fhag |
sé |
suas |
go_maith. |
remember-
prs
|
pn
|
def
|
house
|
pst
=grow
|
he
|
up
|
well
|
‘Pól remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Italian
ricordare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ricord-a |
bene |
la |
cas-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
remember-3
sg
.
prs
|
well
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo remembers the house well.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
CL-ah-es / CL-al-es
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
meħamad-li |
žawga-le |
b-al-a |
qali |
ca-j |
χugi |
w-aˤʁ-ib-il |
pn
-
erg
|
beautiful-
adv
|
n
-know.
ipfv
-
th
|
house
|
self-
m
|
big
|
m
-reach.
pfv
-
pret
-
atr
|
‘Muhammad remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Kalderash Romani
sərəl
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
mišto |
sərə-l |
khər |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
well
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Murša remembers the house well.’ |
Kandyk Tabasaran
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
maˁhaˁmad.a-z |
baʁri |
χal |
uc̊ːuji |
k’a-in=ǯa |
pn
-
dat
|
native
|
house(
abs
)
|
well
|
heart-
super
=(
in
)be(
prs
)
|
‘Mahamad remembers well his house.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Karata
rak’wa-č’o bik’waɬa
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ʕalja |
misa |
c’aq’a |
rak’wa-č’o |
idja |
pn
.
dat
|
house
|
well
|
heart-
cont
|
cop
|
‘Ali remembers the house well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kaytag Dargwa
hanbiχ:aˁra
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
petja-l |
ši |
ʕaˁħ-li |
hanbiχχ-aˁv-di |
pn
-
erg
|
village
|
good-
adv
|
n
.remember.
pf
-
aor
-
pst
|
‘Petja remembers the house well.’ |
Kazakh
es-і-nde saqta
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
üy-dі |
žaqsï |
es-і-nde |
saqta-ɣan |
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good
|
memory-
poss
3-
loc
|
keep-
pst
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya remembers the house good.’ |
Kazym Khanty
nǫmti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
rǫt |
χɔt-ǝλ |
jǎma |
nǫm-λ-ǝλλe |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
native
|
house-
poss
.3
sg
|
well
|
remember-
npst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja remembers his native home well.’ |
Khoekhoe
ǂâihō
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petru-b |
ge |
om-s-a |
ǃamkuse |
ra |
ǂâihō |
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
house-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
properly
|
ipfv
|
remember
|
‘Peter remembers the house well.’ |
Khwarshi
liqa
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
di-l |
k'ʷet' |
li:qe |
aq |
1
sg
-
dat
|
well
|
remember\
gnt
|
house(
iv
)
|
‘I remember the house well.’ |
Kina Rutul
jik’i ʁamada
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-u-s |
hɨχa-na |
jik’-i |
ʁa-ma<d>a |
juǯ |
q’ɨxe |
jiši-d |
χal |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
well
|
heart-
obl
(
sup
)
|
pv
-<4>remain
|
self
|
big
|
1.become-
attr
|
home(
nom
)
|
‘Rasul remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Kumyk
esPOSS.LOC turmaq
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
mahammat-nɨ |
öz-ü |
ös-gen |
üj-ü |
es-in-de |
pn
-
gen
|
self-3
sg
|
grow-
pf
|
house-3
sg
|
memory-3
sg
-
loc
|
‘Muhammad remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Latin
memini
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
numer-os |
memin-i, |
nisi |
verb-a |
tenere-m |
melody(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
remember[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.1
sg
|
not_if
|
word(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
|
recall[
ipfv
.
sbjv
.
act
]-1
sg
|
‘I remember the melody, even if I couldn’t recall the words.’ |
Note: (Verg. Ecl. 9, 45) |
Laz
o-š-un-u
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Käzim-i-s |
oxo(r)-i |
ko-Ø-š-um-s |
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
house-
nom
|
aff
-
io
3-remember-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
‘Käzim remembers the house.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
jìde
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
hái |
qīngchǔ-de |
jìde |
nè-dòng |
fángzi |
pn
|
still
|
clear-
de
|
remember
|
that-
clf
|
house
|
‘Zhangsan still remembers the house clearly.’ |
Mano
ŋwɔ̀míní sí
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
ē |
ŋ̄ |
ŋwɔ̀míní |
sí |
3
sg
.
pst
|
1
sg
|
memory
|
take
|
‘S/he remembered me.’ |
Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above). |
Mehweb
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Islam-is |
urče-b |
le-b |
sa<w>i |
χʷala |
w-aʔ-ib-i |
qali |
pn
-
dat
|
heart.
in
-
n
(
ess
)
|
be-
n
|
self<
m
>
|
big
|
m
-arrive:
pfv
-
pst
-
attr
|
house
|
‘Islam remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Mingrelian
Ø-š-u(n)-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
muš-(i) |
ʔude-Ø |
Ø-š-u(n)-Ø |
pn
-
dat
|
refl
.
poss
-(
nom
)
|
house-
nom
|
io
3-remember-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo remembers his house.’ |
Modern Hebrew
zoχer
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
zoχer |
tov |
et |
ha |
bajt |
pn
|
remember[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
good
|
do
|
def
|
house
|
‘Pinchas remembers the house well.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
jik'ıı ʁadgın
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
murad-ı-s |
jıχ-ana |
jik'-ıı |
ʁa |
χal |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
good-
adv
|
heart-
super
|
be_on
|
house
|
‘Murad remembers the house well.’ |
Nanai
əǯəčə-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
mənə |
urə-xəm-bə |
ǯoo-wa |
ulə |
əǯə-čə-j-ni |
pn
|
refl
|
grow-
pst
-
obl
|
house-
obl
|
good
|
remember-
res
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Nivkh
hujvud
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
ur-gur̥ |
pʰ-raf |
+ |
hujvu-d |
pn
|
good-
adv
:3
sg
|
rfl
-house
|
+
|
remember-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik remembers his house well.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
rak’waroge bik’uruƛa
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pataħi-ge |
č’ili |
šweq’e |
rak’wa-ro-ge |
godi |
pn
-
loc
|
house
|
very_well
|
heart-
obl
-
loc
|
n
.
cop
|
‘Patahi remembers the house well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Northern Mansi
nomite
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
am |
nom-i-l-um |
kol-um |
xot |
jānij-m-as-um |
1
sg
|
remember-
npst
-
sg
.
o
-1
sg
.
s
|
house-
poss
.1
sg
|
where
|
big-
vbz
-
pst
-1
sg
|
‘I remember the house where I grew up.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
lǝjrī=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
nimǝ-lǝ |
аm-u-tnǝ |
lǝjrī-m |
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good-
stat
-
adv
|
remember-
tr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien remembers the house well.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å huske
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
huske-r |
godt |
hus-et |
hvor |
han |
voks-te |
opp |
pn
|
remember-
prs
|
well
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
where
|
he
|
grow-
pst
|
up
|
‘Per remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Polish
pamiętać
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Staszek |
dobrz-e |
pamięta |
dom |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
good-
adv
|
remember:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Staszek remembers the house well.’ |
Russian
pomnitʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_oLOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: oLOC |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
xorošo |
pomn-it |
dom, |
v |
kotor-om |
vyros |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
],
|
in
|
which-
m
.
loc
.
sg
|
grow_up(
pfv
).
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
‘Petja remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Serbian
sećati se
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
se |
dobro |
seća |
kuć-e |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
well
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petar remembers the house well.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
hik'i-j ʁatkɨ-n
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
basir-ɨs |
hɨχan |
hik'i-j |
ʁa-mad |
χal |
pn
-
dat
|
well
|
heart.
obl
-
super
|
be_on-
contin
|
house
|
‘Basir remembers the house well.’ |
Shughni
fāmtow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Saida |
di |
čīd |
xipaδ |
fam-t |
pn
|
d
2.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
house
|
well
|
know-3
sg
|
‘Saida remembers the house well.’ |
Skolt Saami
mošttjed
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
moštt |
tõn |
põõrt |
puârast |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
remember.
prs
.3
sg
|
dist
.
sg
.
acc
|
house.
sg
.
acc
|
well
|
‘Pete remembers that house well.’ |
Slovak
pamätať si
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
si |
dobre |
pamätá |
tento |
dom |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
well
|
remember(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
this.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Peter remembers this house well.’ |
Slovenian
spominjati se
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
se |
dobro |
spominja |
dom-a |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
well
|
remember:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Peter remembers the house well.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
lebîr bûn
Valency pattern:
EXT_SBJ.INTR
|
X: EXT |
Y: SBJ.INTR |
Locus: X |
Hîwa |
maɫ-eke=î |
le |
bîr-e |
pn
|
house-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
from
|
thought-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Hiwa remembers the house.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Southern Rutul
yik'i yidq’ın
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
murad-ı-s |
xal |
yıxane |
yik'-i |
aˤğuˤ-r |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
house
|
well
|
heart-
super
|
(
n
)go.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Murad remembers the house well.’ |
Spanish
recordar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
recuerd-a |
muy |
bien |
la |
casa |
en |
que |
se |
cri-ó |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
remember-
prs
.3
sg
|
very
|
well
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
in
|
which[
sg
.
f
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
grow-
aor
.3
sg
|
‘Pedro remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Standard Arabic
taḏakkara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Badr-un |
yataḏakkaru |
l-bayt-a |
ǧayyidan |
pn
-
nom
|
remember.
ipf
.3
m
|
def
-house-
acc
|
well
|
‘Badr remembers the house well.’ |
Svan
a-Ø-mt'q'ašq'id (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
maizer-s |
kor-Ø |
xoča-Ø |
a-Ø-mt'q'ašq'id |
pn
-
dat
|
house-
nom
|
good-
nom
|
prv
:
dist
-
io
3-remember
|
‘Maizer remembers the house well.’ |
Swedish
att komma ihåg
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
komm-er |
ihåg |
sitt |
barndomshem |
väl |
pn
|
come-
prs
|
to_mind
|
poss
.
refl
.
n
.
sg
|
childhood_home
|
well
|
‘Björn remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
na-a~alala |
pa |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
bahay |
na |
kinalakihan |
niya |
pot
.
pv
-
ipfv
~remember
|
still
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
house
|
lin
|
place_where_one_grew_up
|
3.
sg
.
gen
|
‘Pedro still remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Telugu
gurtu uṁḍu
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pravīṇ-ki |
iḷḷu |
bāgā |
gurt' |
uṁdi |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
house(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
well
|
mark(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
.
nm
|
‘Praveen remembers the house well.’ |
Tsakhur
yik’ely qhıхhay
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
murad-ı-s |
vudž |
хaˁr |
qhıхha-yn |
хav |
yik’-e-ly |
vo-d |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
m
.self
|
big.
h
|
re
.(
m
)be.
pf
-
ptcp
.
n
|
house
|
heart-
obl
-
super
|
cop
-
n
|
‘Murad remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
han b-ič-iz/b-irč-iz
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
uršːi-z |
šːi |
ʡaˤħ-le |
han |
b-irk-ule=sab |
boy-
dat
|
village
|
good-
adv
|
mind
|
n
-get.
ipfv
-
prog
.
cnv
=
cop
.
exst
:
n
(3)
|
‘The boy remembers the village well.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
han + COP
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
durħaˤ-j |
šːi |
han=leb-ala |
boy-
dat
|
village
|
mind=
cop
.
exst
:
n
-3
|
‘The boy remembers the village well.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turkish
hatırlamak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
büyü-düğ-ü |
ev-i |
iyi |
hatırlı-yor |
pn
|
grow-
ptcp
.
pst
-
p
.3
|
house-
p
.3
|
good
|
remember-
prs
|
‘Mehmet remembers the house where he grew up well.’ |
Turoyo
oṯe l bol-
Valency pattern:
BARE_SBJ.SS
|
X: BARE |
Y: SBJ.SS |
Locus: X |
Gabriyel |
k-oṯe |
u |
bayto |
l |
bol-e |
pn
|
prs
-come.
ipfv
.3
m
|
art
.
m
|
house(
m
)
|
to
|
mind(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘Gabriyel remembers the house.’ |
Twi
kae
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kofi |
kae |
fie |
no |
yie |
pn
|
remember(3
sg
.
prs
)
|
house
|
def
|
well
|
‘Kofi remembers the house well.’ |
Ulcha
əǯəči-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ama |
ulən-ǯi |
əǯə-č-i-ni |
mə̄n |
bi-čim |
xagdu-wa |
father
|
good-
adv
|
remember-
iter
-
prs
-3
sg
|
self
|
be-
pst
.
refl
.
sg
|
house-
acc
|
‘Father remembers the house where he lived well.’ |
Uzbek
eslab qolmoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
uy-ni |
yaxši |
esla-b |
qol-di |
pn
|
house-
acc
|
good
|
remember-
cvb
|
leave-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja remembers the house well.’ |
West Central Oromo
jaadata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
man-ittʃa |
sirrii-tti |
jaadat-a |
pn
-
nom
|
house-
def
.
abs
|
right-
loc
|
remember-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa remembers the house well.’ |
Wolof
fàttaliku
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBJ |
Locus: TR |
maangi-y |
fàttali-ku |
bes |
b-a |
nu |
dajee |
foofa |
s
i
:1
sg
.
prst
-
incpl
|
remind-
mid
|
day(
b
)
|
cl
b
-
rel
|
s
i
:1
pl
|
meet
|
there
|
I remember the day when we met there.’ |
Yargun Lezgian
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
viç |
çˈexi |
xhii |
kˈval |
Sahib-a-n |
rikˈ-a-l |
qhsan |
ala-ma |
self
|
big
|
become.
aop
|
house
|
pn
-
obl
-
gen
|
heart-
obl
-
sup
|
well
|
be.on-
cont
|
‘Sahib vividly remembers the house where he grew up.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Zazaki
Valency pattern:
ra.PREP_SBJ.INTR
|
X: ra.PREP |
Y: SBJ.INTR |
Locus: X |
kɛjɛ |
rɨnd |
jɛ-n-o |
ra=hɛsɛn-i |
vir-i |
house
|
well
|
come.
prs
-
aug
-3
sg
.
m
|
to=
pn
-
obl
|
memory-
m
.
obl
|
‘He remembers the house well.’ |
Zilo Andi
rok’or-ʔa <r>-iʁ.i
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
X: AFF |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pat’imati-<r>o |
haqχ’u |
ʃu-r |
rok’or-ʔa |
r-iʁ.i |
pn
-
aff
<
inan
2>
|
house[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
good-
inan
2
|
heart-
super
|
inan
2-stop.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Patimat remembers the house well.’ |