‘remain’
| Argument frame: | X (have) Y left |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P. had 100 euro, but he bought a TV, so now) P. has 10 euros left. |
| Predicate label Ru: | оставаться |
| Argument frame Ru: | у X -а (оставаться) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (У П. было 100 долларов, но он купил телевизор и теперь) у П. осталось 10 долларов . |
Abaza [zə-]ʕa-n-χa
| Valency pattern: BEN_ABS |
| X: BEN |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| rasúl | ẑa–dollar-ḳ | j-zə́-ʕa-n-χa-d |
| pn | ten–dollar- unit | 3 pl . abs +3 sg . m . io - ben - cisl - loc -become( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Rasul has ten dollars left.’ | ||
Aghul fame-
| Valency pattern: APUD_ABS |
| X: APUD |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-w | ic’u | manat | fame-a |
| pn - apud | 10 | ruble | { apud }remain- prs |
| ‘Aslan has 10 rubles left.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic payəš
| Valency pattern: ces_SBJ |
| X: ces |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| cəs | yala | sura | pəš-lə | əmma | +manət | zuzə |
| near | boy( m ) | small. m | remain. pst - ls .3 m | hundred | rouble( m ) | money( pl ) |
| ‘The boy has one hundred roubles left.’ | ||||||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | ||||||
Brazilian Portuguese ficar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_com |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | fic-ou | com | dez | dólar-es |
| pn ( m ) | get-3 sg . pst | with | 10 | dollar( m )- pl |
| ‘Pedro has ten dollars left.’ | ||||
Catalan quedar
| Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ |
| X: DAT |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| al | Pere | li | qued-en | deu | euro-s |
| to. def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | dat .3 sg | remain-3 pl . prs . ind | ten | euro( m )- pl |
| ‘Pere has ten euros left.’ | |||||
Czech zůstat
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-ovi | zůsta-l-o | deset | dolar-ů |
| pn ( m )- dat . sg | remain( pfv )- pst - n . sg | ten[ nom ] | dollar( m )- gen . pl |
| ‘Petr has ten dollars left.’ | |||
Danish have tilbage
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | ha-r | ti | euro | tilbage |
| pn | have- prs | ten | euro( c ) | left |
| ‘Peter has 10 euros left.’ | ||||
Dutch overhebben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | nog | tien | dollar | over |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | still | ten | dollar( c ) | over |
| ‘Piet has ten dollars left.’ | |||||
Estonian alles olema
| Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM |
| X: ADESS |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peetri-l | on | kümme | euro-t | alles |
| pn - adess | be. prs .3 sg | ten. sg . nom | euro- sg . part | left |
| ‘Peeter has ten euros left.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||||
Finnish jäädä
| Valency pattern: ALL_NOM |
| X: ALL |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peka-lle | jä-i | yksi | euro |
| pn - all | remain- pst .3 sg | one. nom | euro. nom |
| ‘Pekka has 1 euro left.’ | |||
Forest Enets kaji
| Valency pattern: TOP_NOM |
| X: TOP |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | dʲuʔ | bɛse-za | kaja |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | hundred | iron- nom . sg .3 sg | stay_behind( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend has one hundred roubles left’. | ||||
German übrig haben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | hat | zehn | Euro | übrig |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | have. prs .3 sg | ten | e uro[ acc ] | remaining |
| ‘Peter has 10 euros left.’ | ||||
Italian rimanere
| Valency pattern: a_SBJ |
| X: a |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| a | Leo | sono | rimast-i | dieci | dollar-i |
| to | pn ( m ) | aux .3 pl . prs | stay. pst . ptcp - pl . m | 10 | dollar- pl . m |
| ‘Leo has ten dollars left.’ | |||||
Kazakh qal
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petya-da | on | dollar | qal-dï |
| pn - loc | ten | dollar | remain- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya has 10 dollars left.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty χǎjǝλti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | jaŋ | šɔjt-at | χǎjλ-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | ten | rouble- pl | leave- pst |
| ‘Petja has ten roubles left.’ | |||
| Note: It is not (yet) certain that this translation is semantically accurate. | |||
Latin supersum
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| quamvis | null-a | me-i | superest | tibi | cur-a |
| although | no- nom . sg . f | my- dat . sg . m | remain. prs . ind . act .3 sg | you. dat | care( f )- nom . sg |
| ‘Although you have no thought of me anymore.’ | |||||
| Note: (Lygd. 6) | |||||
Modern Hebrew niʃar-u
| Valency pattern: le_SBJ |
| X: le |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| niʃar-u | le | Pinχas | asara | juro |
| be.left-3 pl | to | pn | ten[ m ] | euro |
| ‘Pinchas has ten euro left.’ | ||||
Nanai osigo-
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Pətjə-du | ǯoan | tiəsə | ose-go-xa-ni |
| pn - dat | ten | rouble | become- rep - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia has ten roubles left.’ | |||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å ha igjen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| nå | ha-r | Per | 10 | dollar | igjen |
| now | have- prs | pn | 10 | dollar | again |
| ‘Per has ten dollars left.’ | |||||
Polish zostać
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| zosta-ł-o | Anni-e | dziesięć | dolar-ów |
| remain: pfv - pst - n .3 sg | pn - dat . sg | ten[ nom ] | dollar- gen . pl |
| ‘Anna has ten dollars left.’ | |||
Russian ostatʹsja
| Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM |
| X: uGEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| u | Pet-i | osta-l-o-sʹ | desjatʹ | dollar-ov |
| at | pn ( m )- gen . sg | remain( pfv )- pst - n . sg - refl | ten[ nom ] | dollar( m )- gen . pl |
| ‘Petja has ten dollars left.’ | ||||
Rutul χamabani wiɁi
| Valency pattern: APUD_NOM |
| X: APUD |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-da | χa-ma<b>a-ni | w-iɁi | jic’ɨ-d | manud |
| pn - apud | pv -<3>remain- cvb | 3- cop | ten-4 | rouble( nom ) |
| ‘Rasul has 10 roubles left.’ | ||||
Serbian ostalo
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-u | je | osta-lo | deset | dolar-a |
| pn - dat . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | остаться- part . perf . n . sg | десять | доллар- gen . pl |
| ‘У Петара осталось 10 долларов.’ | ||||
Shughni redow
| Valency pattern: P.LOC_NOM |
| X: P.LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Azim-ǰā | δis | som=ga | red |
| pn - p . loc | 10 | somoni=more | remain. pst |
| ‘Azim has ten somoni left.’ | |||
Skolt Saami leeʹd teänab
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peâtt-ast | lie | teänab | pâi | 10 | eurr-âd |
| pn - sg . loc | be. prs .3 pl | (any)more | only | 10 | euro- part |
| ‘Pete has only 10 euros left.’ | |||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. The Y argument (‘10 euros’) is in the nominative case, the use of the partitive case is determined by the numeral. | |||||
Slovenian ostati
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| An-i | je | osta-l-o | deset | dolarj-ev |
| pn - dat . sg | aux .3 sg | remain: pfv - lpt - n . sg | 10[ nom ] | dollar- gen . pl |
| ‘Ana has 10 dollars left.’ | ||||
Spanish quedar
| Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ |
| X: NDIR.OBJ |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| a | Pedro | le | ha-n | queda-do | diez | dólar-es |
| ndir . obj | pn [ sg . m ] | he. ndir . obj | aux .3- pl | remain- ptcp : prf | ten | dollar[ sg . m ]- pl |
| ‘Pedro has ten dollars left.’ | ||||||
Swedish att ha kvar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | ha-r | 10 | euro | kvar |
| pn | have- prs | 10 | euro | left |
| ‘Björn has ten euro left.’ | ||||
Turkish kalmak
| Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Mehmed-in | şimdi | on | lira-sı | kal-dı |
| pn - gen | now | ten | lira- p .3 | remain- pst |
| ‘Now Mehmet has 10 liras left.’ | ||||
Ulcha puləǯu-
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ama-du | um | taŋgu | gumasaka-kən | pulə-ǯu-xə-n |
| father- dat | one | hundred | rouble- rstr | be_redundant- rep - pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father has one hundred roubles left.’ | ||||
Zilo Andi <b>-ekː.u-j
| Valency pattern: CONT_NOM |
| X: CONT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ali-tʃ’u | hots’o-ɡu | som | b-ekː.u-j |
| pn - cont | ten- card | rouble[ inan 1][ nom ] | inan 1-stay. pst - pf |
| ‘Ali has ten roubles left.’ | |||