BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘read’

Argument frame: X (read) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. read an interesting book .
Predicate label Ru: читать
Argument frame Ru: X (читать) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. прочитал интересную книгу .

Abaza pχ’a

Valency pattern: ABS_IO
X: ABS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
a-phʷə́spa k’tap–ǯ’aš’áqʷa-ḳ d-á-pχ’a-ṭ
def -girl book–interesting- indf 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io -read( aor )- dcl
‘The girl read an interesting book.’

Aghul ruχ.u-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a sa iǯe kitab ruχ.u-ne
pn ( erg ) one good book read. pf - aor
‘Aslan read a good book.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +karə

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
brata +kri-la +spay ctava
girl( f ) read. pst - ls .3 f good book( m )
‘The girl read a good book.’

Brazilian Portuguese ler

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro l-eu um livro interessante
pn ( m ) read-3 sg . pst indf book( m ) interesting
‘Pedro read an interesting book.’

Catalan llegir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va lleg-ir un llibre interessant
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind read- inf indf . sg . m book( m ) interesting( m )
‘Pere read an interesting book.’

Czech přečíst

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr přečet-l zajímav-ou knih-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] interesting- f . acc . sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr read an interesting book.’

Danish læse

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter læs-te en interessant bog
pn read- pst indf . sg interesting. c . sg book( c )
‘Peter read an interesting book.’

Dutch lezen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft een interessant boek ge-lez-en
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . indf interesting book( n ) ptcp -read- ptcp
‘Piet read an interesting book.’

Estonian lugema

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter luge-s huvitava raamatu
pn . sg . nom read- pst .3 sg interesting. sg . gen book. sg . gen
‘Peeter read an interesting book.’

Finnish lukea

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka luk-i mielenkiintoisen kirja-n
pn . nom read- pst .3 sg interesting. gen book- gen
‘Pekka read an interesting book.’

Forest Enets tota

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ pazu-da tota-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg paper- obl . sg .3 sg count( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend read the letter’.

German lesen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl las ein interessant-es Buch
pn [ nom . sg ] read. pst .3 sg indf [ n . acc . sg ] interesting- n . acc . sg book[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl read an interesting book.’

Italian leggere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha letto un libr-o interessant-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs read. pst . ptcp indf . sg . m book- sg . m interesting- sg . m
‘Leo read an interesting book.’

Kazakh oq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya qïzïqtï kіtap oq-ïdï
pn interesting book read- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya read an interesting book.’

Kazym Khanty λǔŋǝtti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en kinška-j-ǝλ λǔŋt-ǝs-λe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg book- ep - poss .3 sg read- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

Latin lego

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
puer leg-it epistul-am inscript-am patr-i su-o
boy( m ). nom . sg read[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg letter( f )- acc . sg write. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f father( m )- dat . sg one’s_own- dat . sg . m
‘The boy read a letter written to his father.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. VI, 3, 8)

Modern Hebrew kara

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas kara sefer meanjen
pn read[ pst .3 sg . m ] book interesting
‘Pinchas read an interesting book.’

Nanai xola-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia ərdəŋgə daŋgsa-wa xola-xa-ni
pn womderful book- obl read- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia read an interesting book.’

Nivkh jurud

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pitɣəŋ j-uru-d
pn book 3 sg -read- ind
‘Kaskazik read a book.’

Norwegian Bokmål å lese

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per les-te en interessant bok
pn read- pst indf . m . sg interesting book
‘Per read an interesting book.’

Polish przeczytać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ann-a przeczyta-ł-a ciekaw-ą książk-ę
pn - nom . sg read: pfv - pst - f .3 sg interesting- f . acc . sg book- acc . sg
‘Anna read an interesting book.’

Russian pročitatʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja pročita-l interesn-uju knig-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] interesting- f . acc . sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

Rutul q’ɨle hɨɁɨr

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a q’ɨle hɨɁɨ-r ɢalin-dɨ kitab
pn - erg read 4.do. pfv - cvb thick- attr book( nom )
‘Rasul read a thick book.’

Serbian pročitao

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je pročita-o interesantn-u knjig-u
pn . nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg прочитать- part . perf .М. sg интересный- acc . sg . f книга- acc . sg
‘Петар прочитал интересную книгу.’

Shughni x̌êydow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Karamšo=yi aǰoyīb kitob x̌êyd
pn =3 sg interesting book read. pst
‘Karamsha read an interesting book.’

Skolt Saami lookkâd

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt looǥǥ-i miõllǩiõʹssi ǩeeʹrj
pn . sg . nom read- pst .3 sg interesting book. sg . acc
‘Pete read an interesting book.’

Slovenian prebrati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
An-a je prebra-l-a zanimiv-o knjig-o
pn - nom . sg aux .3 sg read: pfv - lpt - f . sg interesting- acc . sg . f book- acc . sg
‘Ana read an interesting book.’

Spanish leer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha leí-do un libro interesante
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg read- ptcp : prf art . ndef . sg . m book[ sg . m ] interesting[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro read an interesting book.’

Swedish att läsa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn läs-te en intressant bok
pn read- pst indf . c . sg interesting. indf . sg book
‘Björn read an interesting book.’

Turkish okumak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet ilginç bir kitap oku-du
pn interesting one book read- pst
‘Mehmet read an interesting book.’

Ulcha taun-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
xusə piktə səbǯińul daŋsa-wa taun-či-ni
male child interesting book- acc read- pst -3 sg
‘The boy read an interesting book.’

Zilo Andi baʔ.i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
pat’imati-di baʔ.i interesni χutʃa
pn - erg read. pst ( aor ) interesting book[ inan 2][ nom ]
‘Patimat has read an interesting book.’