‘read’
Argument frame: | X (read) Y |
Stimulus sentence: | P. read an interesting book . |
Predicate label Ru: | читать |
Argument frame Ru: | X (читать) Y -а |
Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. прочитал интересную книгу . |
Abaza pχ’a
Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
X: ABS |
Y: IO |
Locus: Y |
a-phʷə́spa | k’tap–ǯ’aš’áqʷa-ḳ | d-á-pχ’a-ṭ |
def -girl | book–interesting- indf | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io -read( aor )- dcl |
‘The girl read an interesting book.’ |
Aghul ruχ.u-
Valency pattern: TR |
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a | sa | iǯe | kitab | ruχ.u-ne |
pn ( erg ) | one | good | book | read. pf - aor |
‘Aslan read a good book.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +karə
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
brata | +kri-la | +spay | ctava |
girl( f ) | read. pst - ls .3 f | good | book( m ) |
‘The girl read a good book.’ |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | l-eu | um | livro | interessante |
pn ( m ) | read-3 sg . pst | indf | book( m ) | interesting |
‘Pedro read an interesting book.’ |
Catalan llegir
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en | Pere | va | lleg-ir | un | llibre | interessant |
def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | read- inf | indf . sg . m | book( m ) | interesting( m ) |
‘Pere read an interesting book.’ |
Czech přečíst
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr | přečet-l | zajímav-ou | knih-u |
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | interesting- f . acc . sg | book( f )- acc . sg |
‘Petr read an interesting book.’ |
Danish læse
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter | læs-te | en | interessant | bog |
pn | read- pst | indf . sg | interesting. c . sg | book( c ) |
‘Peter read an interesting book.’ |
Dutch lezen
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet | heeft | een | interessant | boek | ge-lez-en |
pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | art . indf | interesting | book( n ) | ptcp -read- ptcp |
‘Piet read an interesting book.’ |
Estonian lugema
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter | luge-s | huvitava | raamatu |
pn . sg . nom | read- pst .3 sg | interesting. sg . gen | book. sg . gen |
‘Peeter read an interesting book.’ |
Finnish lukea
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka | luk-i | mielenkiintoisen | kirja-n |
pn . nom | read- pst .3 sg | interesting. gen | book- gen |
‘Pekka read an interesting book.’ |
Forest Enets tota
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi | kasa-jʔ | pazu-da | tota-za |
i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | paper- obl . sg .3 sg | count( pfv )-3 sg . so sg |
‘My friend read the letter’. |
German lesen
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl | las | ein | interessant-es | Buch |
pn [ nom . sg ] | read. pst .3 sg | indf [ n . acc . sg ] | interesting- n . acc . sg | book[ acc . sg ] |
‘Karl read an interesting book.’ |
Italian leggere
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo | ha | letto | un | libr-o | interessant-e |
pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | read. pst . ptcp | indf . sg . m | book- sg . m | interesting- sg . m |
‘Leo read an interesting book.’ |
Kazakh oq
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya | qïzïqtï | kіtap | oq-ïdï |
pn | interesting | book | read- pst 1.3 sg |
‘Petya read an interesting book.’ |
Kazym Khanty λǔŋǝtti
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en | kinška-j-ǝλ | λǔŋt-ǝs-λe |
pn - ep - poss .2 sg | book- ep - poss .3 sg | read- pst -3 sg . so |
‘Petja read an interesting book.’ |
Latin lego
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
puer | leg-it | epistul-am | inscript-am | patr-i | su-o |
boy( m ). nom . sg | read[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | letter( f )- acc . sg | write. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f | father( m )- dat . sg | one’s_own- dat . sg . m |
‘The boy read a letter written to his father.’ | |||||
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. VI, 3, 8) |
Modern Hebrew kara
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas | kara | sefer | meanjen |
pn | read[ pst .3 sg . m ] | book | interesting |
‘Pinchas read an interesting book.’ |
Nanai xola-
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia | ərdəŋgə | daŋgsa-wa | xola-xa-ni |
pn | womderful | book- obl | read- pst - p .3 sg |
‘Petia read an interesting book.’ |
Nivkh jurud
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik | pitɣəŋ | j-uru-d |
pn | book | 3 sg -read- ind |
‘Kaskazik read a book.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål å lese
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per | les-te | en | interessant | bok |
pn | read- pst | indf . m . sg | interesting | book |
‘Per read an interesting book.’ |
Polish przeczytać
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Ann-a | przeczyta-ł-a | ciekaw-ą | książk-ę |
pn - nom . sg | read: pfv - pst - f .3 sg | interesting- f . acc . sg | book- acc . sg |
‘Anna read an interesting book.’ |
Russian pročitatʹ
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja | pročita-l | interesn-uju | knig-u |
pn ( m )- nom . sg | read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | interesting- f . acc . sg | book( f )- acc . sg |
‘Petja read an interesting book.’ |
Rutul q’ɨle hɨɁɨr
Valency pattern: TR |
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a | q’ɨle | hɨɁɨ-r | ɢalin-dɨ | kitab |
pn - erg | read | 4.do. pfv - cvb | thick- attr | book( nom ) |
‘Rasul read a thick book.’ |
Serbian pročitao
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar | je | pročita-o | interesantn-u | knjig-u |
pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | прочитать- part . perf .М. sg | интересный- acc . sg . f | книга- acc . sg |
‘Петар прочитал интересную книгу.’ |
Shughni x̌êydow
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Karamšo=yi | aǰoyīb | kitob | x̌êyd |
pn =3 sg | interesting | book | read. pst |
‘Karamsha read an interesting book.’ |
Skolt Saami lookkâd
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt | looǥǥ-i | miõllǩiõʹssi | ǩeeʹrj |
pn . sg . nom | read- pst .3 sg | interesting | book. sg . acc |
‘Pete read an interesting book.’ |
Slovenian prebrati
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a | je | prebra-l-a | zanimiv-o | knjig-o |
pn - nom . sg | aux .3 sg | read: pfv - lpt - f . sg | interesting- acc . sg . f | book- acc . sg |
‘Ana read an interesting book.’ |
Spanish leer
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | ha | leí-do | un | libro | interesante |
pn [ sg . m ] | aux .3 sg | read- ptcp : prf | art . ndef . sg . m | book[ sg . m ] | interesting[ sg . m ] |
‘Pedro read an interesting book.’ |
Swedish att läsa
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn | läs-te | en | intressant | bok |
pn | read- pst | indf . c . sg | interesting. indf . sg | book |
‘Björn read an interesting book.’ |
Turkish okumak
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet | ilginç | bir | kitap | oku-du |
pn | interesting | one | book | read- pst |
‘Mehmet read an interesting book.’ |
Ulcha taun-
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə | piktə | səbǯińul | daŋsa-wa | taun-či-ni |
male | child | interesting | book- acc | read- pst -3 sg |
‘The boy read an interesting book.’ |
Zilo Andi baʔ.i
Valency pattern: TR |
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
pat’imati-di | baʔ.i | interesni | χutʃa |
pn - erg | read. pst ( aor ) | interesting | book[ inan 2][ nom ] |
‘Patimat has read an interesting book.’ |