BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘reach’

Argument frame: X (reach) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. was crossing the river in a boat.) P. reached the bank .
Predicate label Ru: достичь
Argument frame Ru: X (достичь) Y -а (берега)
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. плыл на лодке через речку). П. достиг берега .

Abaza [z-]na-ʒa

Valency pattern: ABS_BEN
X: ABS
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
murád a-nə́rĉ d-a-zə-na-ʒá-d
pn def -bank 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - ben - tral -reach( aor )- dcl
‘Murad reached the river bank.’

Adyghe ne-sə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOC.TO
X: ABS
Y: LOC.TO
Locus: Y
λ̣ə-r psə-nepqə-m ne-sə-ʁ
мужчина- abs вода-берег- obl loc : to -достичь- pst
‘Мужчина достиг берега.’

Aghul ruq’.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
aslan nac’.u-n saje qːireʁ.i-q-tːi ruq’.u-ne
pn river- gen other edge- post - lat reach. pf - aor
‘Aslan reached the other bank of the river.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +maṭə

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
naša +məṭy=əl +al bərza
person( m ) arrive. res . m =3 m on dry_land( m )
‘The man reached the bank.’

Bambara sé

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù sé-ra báda` lá
pn reach- pfv . intr river_border\ art in
‘Seku reached the bank of the river.’

Brazilian Portuguese alcançar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro alcanç-ou a-s margen-s
pn ( m ) reach-3 sg . pst def . f - pl shore( f )- pl
‘Pedro reached the coast.’

Catalan arribar

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
en Pere va arrib-ar al banc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind reach- inf to. def . sg . m bank( m )
‘Pere reached the bank.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere hi va arribar"

Czech dostat se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr se dosta-l na břeh
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] on bank( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr reached the bank.’

Danish nå hen

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
Peter nå-ede hen til bredd-en
pn reach- pst towards to bank( c )- def . sg
‘Peter reached the bank.’

Dutch bereiken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de oever bereik-t
pn (С) have.3 sg art . def . c bank( c ) reach- ptcp
‘Piet reached the bank.’

Eastern Maninka sé

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù báda sé dánkan` ná.
pn prf arrive bank\ art at
‘Seku reached the bank.’

English reach

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter reached the bank.

Estonian jõudma

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter jõud-is kalda-le
pn . sg . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank- all
‘Peeter reached the bank.’

Finnish saavuttaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka saavutt-i ranna-n
pn . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank- gen
‘Pekka reached the bank.’

Forest Enets tɔɔ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ teni biz baru-d tɔɔ-j-zʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg to_opposite_bank water. obl border- dat . sg reach( pfv )- m -3 sg . m
‘My friend reached the bank at the opposite side’.

French atteindre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a atteint la rive
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg reach. pst . ptcp . m def . sg . f shore( f )
‘Paul reached the bank.’

Georgian mi-Ø-aγc'ev-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-m nap'ir-s mi-Ø-aγc'i-a
pn - erg bank- dat prv : dist - io 3-reach- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre reached the bank.’

German erreichen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl erreich-te das Ufer
pn [ nom . sg ] reach- pst .3 sg def . n . acc . sg bank[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl reached the bank.’

Irish bain amach

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Bhain Pól amach an banc.
pst /reach pn outside def bank
‘Pól reached the bank.’

Italian arrivare

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Leo è arrivat-o a riv-a
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs reach. pst . ptcp - sg . m to shore- sg . f
‘Leo reached the coast.’

Kalderash Romani arəsəl

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
pa duj ćas-urʼa o Murš-a arəs-l-o man-de
through two. nom hour- nom . pl art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg reach- pst -3 sg . m i - loc
‘Murša got to me in two hours.’

Kazakh žet

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya žaɣa-ɣa žet-tі
pn bank- dat reach- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya reached the bank.’

Kazym Khanty jŏχǝtti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en imǝλtijǝn jŏχan kimλ-a śi jŏχǝt-s
pn - ep - poss .2 sg finally river bank- dat foc come- pst [3 sg ]
‘Finally, Petja reached the riverbank.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ABS_AD.LAT
X: ABS
Y: AD.LAT
Locus: Y
iłi-lo bala-ha-l at'ek'-k'a šamil
dem . an . o . noni - gen 2 берег( iii )- ad - lat [ i ]достичь- pst . w pn ( i )
‘Шамиль достиг ее (реки) берега.’

Kina Rutul lejq’ɨra

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
rasul čejlaʁ-a le-jq’ɨ-r=a
pn ( nom ) riverside- obl ( sup ) pv -1.reach. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul reached the bank.’

Latin pervenio

Valency pattern: NOM_adACC
X: NOM
Y: adACC
Locus: Y
(Cleonym-us) ad litor-a Venet-orum perven-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg at coast( n )- acc . pl v enetus( m )- gen . pl reach[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Cleonymus) reached the coasts of the Veneti.’
Note: (Liv. X, 2, 5)

Mandarin Chinese dào

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān dào àn-biān le
pn reach bank-edge pfv
‘Zhangsan reached the bank.’

Mingrelian mi-Ø-o-č'irin-u-an-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-k nap'ir-s ki-mi-Ø-o-č'irin-u.
pn - erg bank- dat aff - prv - io 3-reach- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo reached the bank.’

Modern Hebrew higia

Valency pattern: SBJ_el
X: SBJ
Y: el
Locus: Y
Pinχas higia el ha gada
pn reach[ pst .3 sg . m ] towards def bank
‘Pinchas reached the bank.’

Nanai esi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia bagea-wa ese-xa-ni
pn opposite_bank- obl reach- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia reached the bank.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Mansi l’apamas

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpoxen
X: NOM
Y: NOMpoxen
Locus: Y
am kol-um pox-ǝn ta l’apa-m-as-um
i house- poss .1 sg near- lat ptcl close- vbz - pst -1 sg
‘I reached my home.’

Northern Yukaghir kötkǝj=

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn ǝnmu-diǝ iǝmum-dǝ-ɣa kötkǝ-č
pn river- dim opposite_bank- poss .3- loc come_to- intr .3 sg
‘Semien reached the bank.’

Norwegian Bokmål å nå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nådde bredd-en
pn reach. pst bank- def . m . sg
‘Per reached the bank.’

Polish dotrzeć

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Maciek dotar-ł do brzeg-u
pn [ nom . sg ] reach: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] at bank- gen . sg
‘Maciek reached the bank.’

Russian dostičʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja dostig bereg-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg reach( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] bank( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Serbian stići

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petar je stiga-o do obal-e
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg reach- part . perf . m . sg up.to bank- gen . sg . f
‘Petar reached the bank.’

Shughni firīptow

Valency pattern: NOM_EQ
X: NOM
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Azim=i lodka=qati tar qoq-i firīp-t
pn =3 sg boat= ins eq dry- subst reach- pst
‘Azim reached the bank in a boat.’

Skolt Saami laʹddjed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt laʹddj-i ridd-u
pn . sg . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank. sg . ill
‘Pete reached the bank.’

Slovak dostať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Peter sa dosta-l na breh
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] on bank( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter reached the bank.’

Slovenian doseči

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nemc-i so doseg-l-i obal-o
g erman- nom . pl aux .3 pl reach: pfv - lpt - m . pl bank- acc . sg
‘The Germans reached the bank.’

Sorani Kurdish geîŝtin

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
Hîwa be belem geîʂt-Ø-e kenar-î çom-eke
pn with boat reach. pst -3 sg -to side- izf river- def
‘Hiwa reached the riverbank in a boat.’
Note: The verbal marker –e is the result of the “migration” of the preposition "be", cf. “Hîwa be belem geîʂt-Ø be kenar-î çom-eke.”

Spanish alcanzar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro alcanz-ó la orilla
pn [ sg . m ] reach- aor .3 sg art . def . sg . f bank[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro reached the coast.’

Swedish att komma fram

Valency pattern: SBJ_till
X: SBJ
Y: till
Locus: Y
Björn kom fram till strand-en
pn come. pst forward to bank- def . c . sg
‘Björn reached the bank.’
Note: Phrasal verb (fram is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Naka-rating si Pedro sa bangko
potav . pfv -reach pers . subj pn dat bank
‘Pedro reached the bank.’
Note: Can you change the voice and turn the bank into the subject here?

Telugu cēru

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pravīṇ oḍḍi-ki cērāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom coast( n ). sg . obl - dat reach. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen reached the bank.’

Turkish varmak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet kıyı-ya var-dı
pn coast- dat reach- pst
‘Mehmet reached the bank’.

Ulcha xā-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
xusə piktə sapsi kera-ti-ni xā-xa-ni
male child bank edge- lat -3 sg land- pst -3 sg
‘The boy came ashore.’
Note: Not quite exact translation of the stimulus sentence.

Uzbek etmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya sohil-ga et-ti
pn coast- dat reach- pst .3 sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

West Central Oromo gaha

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n k'ark'ara lagaa gah-e
pn - nom bank. abs river. gen reach-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa reached the river bank.’

Zilo Andi <w>-oqχ.o

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
ali rahal-ʔo w-oqχ.o
pn [ m ][ nom ] bank. obl - super . lat m -reach. pst ( aor )
‘Ali reached the river bank.’