‘put on’
| Argument frame: |
X
(put_on)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
put on
his trousers
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
надевать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(надевать)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
надел
штаны
.
|
Abaza
ŝ-c̣a
|
Valency pattern:
LOCsERG_ABS
|
| X: LOCsERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| a-qác̣a |
ajkʷá |
j-ŝ-jə́-c̣a-d |
|
def
-man
|
trousers
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-put(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘The boy put on his trousers.’ |
| Note: The X argument is indexed on the verb twice (in the ergative slot and in the slot associated with the locative preverb ŝ-). |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
zə.šʼə-λe
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| λ̣ə-m |
ʁʷenčʼeǯʼə-r |
zə-šʼ-jə-λa-ʁ |
|
man-
obl
|
trousers-
abs
|
rfl
.
io
-
loc
-3
sg
.
erg
-put_on-
pst
|
| ‘The man put on his trousers.’ |
Aghul
lik’.i-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
šawlar |
lik’.i-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
trousers
|
put.on.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan put on his trousers.’ |
Akhvakh (Northern)
iɬuruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pataħi-de |
bata |
iɬ-ari |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
put_on-
aor
|
| ‘Patahi put on his trousers.’ |
Andi (Zilo)
ritɬ’.inn-ij
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di |
ritɬ’.inn-ij |
ortʃoɡi |
|
pn
-
erg
|
put_on.
pst
-
pf
|
trousers[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
| ‘Ali put on trousers.’ |
Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi)
lbs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Abrahām |
lbas-u |
l-ǝl-panṭrūn |
māl-u |
|
pn
|
wear.
pf
.3
ms
-
o
.3
ms
|
to-
art
-pants
|
poss
-3
ms
|
| ‘Abraham put on his pants.’ |
Arabic (Northern Syrian)
ləbəs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Aḥmad |
ləbəs |
panṭarōn-u |
|
pn
|
wear.
pfv
.3
m
|
pants-
poss
.3
m
|
| ‘Ahmad put on his pants.’ |
Arabic (standard)
labasa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-un |
labasa |
banṭalūn-a-n |
|
pn
-
nom
|
wear.
pf
.3
m
|
trousers-
acc
-
indef
|
| ‘Badr put on his trousers.’ |
Archi
-uwʟas
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| paša-mu |
paˁtːəl |
b-uwʟu |
|
pn
-
obl
.
m
(
erg
)
|
trousers
|
3-put.on.
pfv
|
| ‘Pasha put on his trousers.’ |
Armenian (Eastern)
hagnel
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petros-ə |
hagav |
tabat-ə |
|
pn
[
nom
]-
def
|
put_on:
aor
:3
sg
|
trousers[
nom
]-
def
|
| ‘Petros put on the trousers.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
lavəš
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| yala |
lvəš-lə |
+šalvar |
|
boy(
m
)
|
put_on.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
trousers(
m
)
|
| ‘The boy put on his trousers.’ |
Avar
ret’ine
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali-ca |
t’ažu |
ret’-ana |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
dress-
aor
|
| ‘Ali put on his trousers.’ |
Azerbaijani
geyinmək
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Aslan |
şalvar-ı-nı |
gey-in-di |
|
pn
|
trousers-
poss
3-
acc
|
put_on-
refl
-
pst
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan put on his trousers.’ |
Bafut
sɔ́ʔɔ̂
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| àmbɛ́ |
à |
kɨ̀ |
sɔ́ʔɔ̂ |
tòlósà |
jì |
|
pn
|
sm
|
p
2
|
wear
|
trouser
|
his
|
| ‘Ambe put on his trousers.’ |
Bambara
dòn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
ye |
kùlusi` |
dòn |
|
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
trousers\
art
|
enter
|
| ‘Seku put on his trousers.’ |
Bartangi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmed |
xu |
patlon |
panaw-d |
|
pn
|
refl
|
trousers
|
put_on-
pst
|
| ‘Ahmed put on his trousers.’ |
Belarusian
apranuć
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Alieś |
apranu-ŭ |
štan-y |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
|
trousers-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Ales put on his trousers.’ |
Budugh
quşulu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ır |
ug-a' |
şa'lva'r |
qıxha-ci |
|
pn
-
erg
|
refl
-
loc
|
trousers
|
n
.put_on.
pfv
-
prf
|
| ‘Aslan put on his trousers.’ |
Bulgarian
obuya
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Petăr |
obu |
pantaloni-te |
|
pn
|
put_on(
pfv
).
aor
.3
sg
|
trousers.
pl
-
def
.
pl
|
| ‘Petar put on the trousers.’ |
Catalan
posar-se
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
es |
pos-a |
els |
seus |
pantalon-s |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
put.on-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
pl
.
m
|
poss
.3.
m
.
pl
|
trousers-
pl
.
m
|
| ‘Pere put on his trousers.’ |
Chechen
t’e-AGR-uuxa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| Islam-as |
xecha |
t’e-j-ox-na |
|
i
-
erg
|
trousers.
abs
|
on-
j
-put-
prf
|
| ‘Islam put on his trousers.’ |
Chinese (Mandarin)
chuān-shàng
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
chuān-shàng |
le |
tā-de |
kùzi |
|
pn
|
wear-up
|
pfv
|
he-
de
|
trouser
|
| ‘Zhangsan put on his trousers.’ |
Chirag
čejt’i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| ʡa̰li-le |
wašqa̰g |
čejt’-un |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pants(
abs
)
|
put.on:
pf
-
aor
.3
|
| ‘Ali put on his pants.’ |
Croatian
obući
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Per-o |
je |
obuka-o |
hlač-e |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
put.on(
pfv
)-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Pero put on his trousers.’ |
Czech
obléknout si
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
si |
oblék-l |
kalhot-y |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Petr put on his trousers.’ |
Danish
tage på
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
tog |
sin-e |
bukser |
på |
|
pn
|
take.
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
-
pl
|
trousers(
c
)
|
on
|
| ‘Peter put on his trousers.’ |
Dargwa (Itsari)
či-ah-uj
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| Islam-il |
wačag |
či-ah-ur |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers(
abs
)
|
on
-put_on.
pfv
-
aor
|
| ‘Islam put on his trousers.’ |
Dargwa (Kadar)
ik'ʷ-as / ilk'ʷ-as
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| meħamad-li |
šalbar |
ik'-un |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
put_on.
pfv
-
pret
|
| ‘Muhammad put on his trousers.’ |
Dargwa (Kaytag)
č:ejgara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petja-l |
vač:ag |
č:ejg-ur |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
put_on.
pf
-
aor
(3)
|
| ‘Petja put on his trousers.’ |
Dargwa (Kubachi)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| jusːi-ldi-l |
agʷa |
č-aχ-i |
|
girl-
obl
-
erg
|
dress
|
wear.
pfv
-3.
aor
|
| ‘The girl put on her dress.’ |
Dargwa (Tsudakhar)
aχ-iz/alχ-iz
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rursːile |
ħwewa |
h-aχ-ur |
|
girl-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
dress
|
up
-wear.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The girl put on her dress.’ |
Dargwa (Tsugni)
aχ-i / alχ-i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rursːi-li |
awa |
aχ-ur |
|
girl-
erg
|
dress
|
wear.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The girl put on her dress.’ |
Dutch
aantrekken
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
zijn |
broek |
aan-ge-trokk-en |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
poss
.
c
.3
sg
|
trousers(
c
)
|
pvb
-
ptcp
-pull-
ptcp
|
| ‘Piet put on his trousers.’ |
Enets (Forest)
sɛru
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
piʔi-za |
sɛra |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
trousers-
nom
.
pl
.3
sg
|
put_on(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend put on his trousers’. |
English
put on
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
put |
on |
his |
trousers. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
jalga panema
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter |
pan-i |
püksi-d |
jalga |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
put-
pst
.3
sg
|
trouser-
pl
.
nom
|
leg.
sg
.
ill
|
| ‘Peeter put on his trousers.’ |
Finnish
pukea ylleen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
puk-i |
paida-n |
ylle-en |
|
pn
.
nom
|
put.on-
pst
.3
sg
|
shirt-
gen
|
on.
all
-
poss
.3
sg
|
| ‘Pekka put on the shirt.’ |
French
enfiler
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Paul |
a |
enfilé |
son |
pantalon |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
put_on.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
trousers(
m
)
|
| ‘Paul put on his trousers.’ |
Gascon
a mes
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pau |
a |
mes |
son |
pantalon |
|
pn
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
put.
pst
.
ptcp
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
trousers
|
| ‘Pau put on his trousers.’ |
Gban
wò
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zá̰ |
y |
ä |
í |
wȍnɛ̰̏ |
wò |
|
pn
|
3
sg
\
pst
|
s/he/it
|
gen
|
trousers
|
put[
pfv
.
hod
]
|
| ‘Zan put on his trousers.’ |
Georgian
ča-Ø-i-cv-am-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| p'et're-m |
šarval-i |
ča-Ø-i-cv-a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers-
nom
|
prv
:downward+inward-
do
3-
ver
:
s
-put_on-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre put on his trousers.’ |
German
anziehen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
zog |
sein-e |
Hose |
an |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
pull.
pst
.3
sg
|
his-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
trousers[
acc
.
sg
]
|
on
|
| ‘Karl put on his trousers.’ |
Hebrew (modern)
lavaʃ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
lavaʃ |
et |
miχnasa-v |
|
pn
|
put.on[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
trousers-
poss
.3
sg
.
m
.
pl
|
| ‘Pinchas put on his trousers.’ |
Hindi
pahannā
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pratīk |
ne |
apn-ī |
patlūn |
pahn-ī |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
erg
|
own-
f
|
trousers(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
put_on.
pfv
-
f
.
sg
|
| ‘Prateek put on his trousers.’ |
Indonesian (standard)
me-ngenakan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ali |
me-ngenakan |
celana |
|
pn
|
act
-put_on
|
trousers
|
| ‘Ali put on the trousers.’ |
Irish
cuir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Do=chuir |
Pól |
air |
a |
bhríste. |
|
pst
=put
|
pn
|
on.3
sg
.
m
|
poss
.3
sg
.
m
|
trousers
|
| ‘Pól put on his trousers.’ |
Italian
mettersi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
si |
è |
mess-o |
i |
pantalon-i |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
put_on.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
def
.
pl
.
m
|
trousers-
pl
.
m
|
| ‘Leo put on trousers.’ |
Karata
keƛ’ƛ’anɬa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali-l |
šarbal |
keƛ’ƛ’-en |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
put_on-
pf
|
| ‘Ali put on his trousers.’ |
Kazakh
ki
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
šalbar |
kiy-dі |
|
pn
|
trousers
|
put_on-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya put on the trousers.’ |
Khanty (Kazym)
λǫmǝtti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| maša-j-en |
jɛrnas |
λǫmǝt-ǝs |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
dress
|
put_on-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Maša put on her dress.’ |
Khoekhoe
ana
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru-b |
ge |
ǁî-b |
purukhoe-b-a |
ra |
ana |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
3-3
m
.
sg
|
trousers-3
m
.
sg
-
obl
|
ipfv
|
put_on
|
| ‘Peter put on his trousers.’ |
Khwarshi
šiƛ'a
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| šamil-i |
šiƛ'-ƛ'a |
ʁeƛo |
|
pn
-
erg
|
put.on-
pst
.
w
|
trousers(
v
)
|
| ‘Shamil put on his trousers.’ |
Komi-Permyak
пасьтавны
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Петя |
пасьтав-і-с |
вешьян |
|
pn
|
надевать-
prt
-3
|
штаны
|
| ‘Петя надел штаны.’ |
Komi-Zyrian
paśtavni̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
paśtal-i-s |
gač́ |
|
pn
|
put_on-
pret
-3
|
trousers
|
| ‘Petja put on the trousers.’ |
Kpelle (Guinean)
lɔ́
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Hɛ́ni |
àá |
kɔ̀lɔ |
lɔ́ |
gwɛ̀án |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
prf
|
shoe
|
enter
|
3
sg
\leg.
loc
|
| ‘Heni put on shoes.’ |
Kryz (Alik)
ğuxhvayc
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| terlan-ir |
ug |
şalvar |
ğixha-c |
|
pn
-
erg
|
refl
.
m
(
gen
)
|
trousers
|
wear.
pfv
-
aor
.
n
|
| ‘Terlan put on his trousers.’ |
Kryz (Ismayilli)
qitac
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ir |
ugura |
şalvar |
qita-c |
|
pn
-
erg
|
m
.
refl
.
gen
|
trousers
|
put_on.
pf
-
aor
.
n
|
| ‘Aslan put on his trousers.’ |
Kryz (proper)
qixhac
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ir |
ug |
şalvar |
qixha-c |
|
pn
-
erg
|
refl
.
m
|
trousers
|
put_on-
aor
.
n
|
| ‘Aslan put on his trousers.’ |
Kumyk
gijmek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| musa |
šalbar-ɨn |
gij-gen |
|
pn
|
trousers-3
sg
.
acc
|
put.on-
pf
|
| ‘Musa put on his trousers.’ |
Kurdish (Sorani)
leber kirdin
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Hîwa |
ʂaɫwar-eke=î |
le-ber |
kird-Ø |
|
pn
|
trouser-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
from-side
|
do.
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa put on his trousers.’ |
| Note: The exact nature of the 3SG.PC marker is not clear (ambiguous). |
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
li xwe kirin (tr)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| zilam |
pantor-ê |
xwe |
li |
xwe |
kir |
|
man
|
pants-
ez
.
pl
|
self
|
at
|
himself
|
do.
pfv
.
sg
|
| ‘The man put on his pants.’ |
Lak (Quba)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Maħammad-u-l |
la<r>χː-und-i |
ħažak. |
|
pn
-
obl
-
gen
|
<4>put.on-
aor
-3
p
|
trousers
|
| ‘Mohammad put on his trousers.’ |
Latin
sumo
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| vest-is |
Cereal-ibus |
alb-as |
sum-ite! |
|
garment(
f
)-
acc
.
pl
|
c
eres’-
abl
.
pl
|
white-
acc
.
pl
.
f
|
put_on[
prs
]-
imp
.
act
.2
pl
|
| ‘Put on white clothes for the feast of Ceres.’ |
| Note: (Ov. Fasti. 4, 620) |
Laz
o-dv-al-u
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Käzim-i-k |
pontol-i |
mo-Ø-i-d-u |
|
pn
-
b
-
erg
|
trousers-
nom
|
prv
-
do
3-
ver
:
s
-put-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Käzim put on his trousers.’ |
Lezgian (Yargun)
aluq’in
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Sahib-a |
șalvar |
aluqˈ-na |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
dress-
aor
|
| ‘Sahib put on his trousers.’ |
Macedonian
obleče
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
obleče |
pantoloni |
|
pn
|
put_on(
pfv
).
aor
.3
sg
|
trousers.
pl
|
| ‘Petar put on his trousers.’ |
Maltese
libes
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ġwanni |
libes |
il-qalziet |
|
pn
|
wear.
pf
.
m
.3
sg
|
def
-trousers
|
| ‘Ġwanni put on his trousers.’ |
Maninka (Eastern)
dòn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
bára |
kùrusi` |
dòn. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
pants\
art
|
enter
|
| ‘Seku put his pants on.’ |
Mano
wàà
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| āà |
kīī |
wàà |
|
3
sg
.
prf
|
shoes
|
enter
|
| ‘S/he has put her shoes on.’ |
Mansi (Northern)
masəs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| āji-riɕ |
sup |
mas-əs |
|
girl-
dim
|
dress
|
put_on-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘The girl put on a dress.’ |
Mehweb
ikʼʷes
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pajzula-li-ni |
ikʼ-ub |
waχčag |
|
pn
-
obl
-
erg
|
put.on:
pfv
-
aor
|
trousers
|
| ‘Pajzula put on his trousers.’ |
Mingrelian
m-Ø-i-dv-an-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| čelo-k |
ʒikva-Ø |
ki-mi-Ø-i-d-u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers-
nom
|
aff
-
prv
-
do
3-
ver
:
s
-put-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Chelo put on his trousers.’ |
Nanai
tətu-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
pəru-wə |
tətu-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
trousers-
obl
|
put_on-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia put on his trousers.’ |
Nivkh
xizd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
var̥ |
xiz-d |
|
pn
|
trousers
|
put.on-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik put on his trousers.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ta på seg
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
tok |
på |
seg |
buks-ene |
|
pn
|
take.
pst
|
on
|
refl
|
trousers-
def
.
pl
|
| ‘Per put on his trousers.’ |
Oromo (West Central)
fuffata
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
surree |
uffat-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
trousers.
abs
|
put_on-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa put on trousers.’ |
Persian
pūšīdan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ahmad |
šalvār-aš-rā |
pūšīd |
|
pn
|
trousers-
encl
.3
sg
-
acc
|
put_on.
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmad put on his trousers.’ |
Polish
włożyć
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Paweł |
włoży-ł |
spodn-ie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
put_on:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Paweł put on his trousers.’ |
Portuguese (Brazilian)
vestir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
vest-iu |
a-s |
calça-s |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
put_on-3
sg
.
pst
|
def
.
f
-
pl
|
sock(
f
)-
pl
|
| ‘Pedro put on his trousers.’ |
Romani (Kalderash)
lel pe peste
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
Murš-a |
ľ-a |
pe |
pes-te |
kalc-y |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
take-
pst
.3
sg
|
on
|
oneself-
loc
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Murša put on his trousers.’ |
Romanian
a lua … pe sine
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru |
și-a |
luat |
pantalon-ii |
pe |
el |
|
pn
|
refl
.
dat
-
aux
.3
sg
|
take.
pst
.
ptcp
|
trousers-
def
.
pl
.
dir
|
on
|
he.
acc
.
acnt
|
| ‘Petru put on the trousers.’ |
Russian
nadetʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
nade-l |
štan-y |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Petja put on his trousers.’ |
Rutul (Kina)
lawɨr
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a |
badu |
la-w-ɨ-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers(
nom
)
|
pv
-3-put.on.
pfv
-
cvb
|
| ‘Rasul put on his trousers.’ |
Rutul (Mukhad)
lıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
badu |
lıvʔı-ri |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers
|
a
.put_on.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad put on his trousers.’ |
Rutul (Myukhrek)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| duxvar-a |
badu |
uu |
lap'ı-ri |
|
son.
obl
-
erg
|
trousers(
a
)
|
on
|
a
.put_on.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘The son put on his trousers.’ |
Rutul (Shin-Borch)
lıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
şalvar |
lavʔı-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers(
a
)
|
a
.put_on.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad put on his trousers.’ |
Rutul (Shinaz)
u lɨʔɨ-n
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| basir |
u |
lavʔɨ-r |
badu |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
on
|
a
.put_on.
pf
-
aor
|
trousers(
a
)
|
| ‘Basir put on his trousers.’ |
Saami (Skolt)
cääʹǩǩed ool
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
caaʹjj-i |
puusees |
ool |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
put.on-
pst
.3
sg
|
trousers[
pl
.
acc
].
poss
.3
sg
|
onto
|
| ‘Pete put on his trousers.’ |
| Note: Here, ool is part of the phrasal verb, not a postposition. |
Sagada
šeƛ’a
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕale |
šeƛ’ʷ-uu |
ʁeƛu |
|
pn
.
erg
|
dress-
pst
.
w
|
trousers
|
| ‘Ali put on his trousers.’ |
Serbian
obući
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
je |
obuka-o |
pantalon-e |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
put.on-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Petar put on his trousers.’ |
Shughni
pinīwdow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM.CL |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Šamil=i |
xu |
laq-en |
pinūy-d |
|
pn
=3
sg
|
refl
|
pants-
pl
|
put.on-
pst
|
| ‘Shamil put on his trousers.’ |
Slovak
obliecť si
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
si |
oblieko-l |
nohavic-e |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
dat
|
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Peter put on his trousers.’ |
Slovenian
obleči
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pavel |
je |
obleke-l |
hlač-e |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
put_on:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Pavel put on his trousers.’ |
Spanish
ponerse
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
se |
ha |
pues-to |
un |
pantalón |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
put-
ptcp
:
prf
|
art
.
ndef
.
sg
.
m
|
trousers[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro put on his trousers.’ |
Svan
Ø-i-kw-em (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| maizer-d |
šarwal-Ø |
sga-lä-Ø-i-kw-e |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers-
nom
|
prv
:
inward
-
prv
:
slightly
-
do
3-
ver
:
s
-put_on-
pst
|
| ‘Maizer put on (his) trousers.’ |
Swedish
att ta på sig
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
tog |
på |
sig |
sina |
byx-or |
|
pn
|
take.
pst
|
on
|
refl
|
poss
.
refl
.
pl
|
trousers-
pl
|
| ‘Björn put on his trousers.’ |
Tabasaran (Kandyk)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| maˁhaˁmad-ǯi |
kːurt |
ala<b>x-nu |
|
pn
-
erg
|
shirt(
abs
)
|
<
n
.
sg
>put.on-
pst
|
| ‘Mahamad put on the shirt.’ |
Tagalog
isuot
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| i-s<in>uot |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
kaniya-ng |
pantalon |
|
cv
<
pv
>
pfv
.put_on
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
3.
sg
.
dat
-
lin
|
trousers
|
| ‘Pedro put on his trousers.’ |
| Note: Alternative is the AV construction, also with the ACT_UND pattern. |
Telugu
vēsukōnu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pravīṇ |
baṭṭa-lu |
vēsukunnāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
cloth(
n
)-
pl
.
nom
|
wear.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen put on his clothes.’ |
Tsakhur
gyahiy
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-ee |
šlyapa |
gyahu |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cap
|
n
.throw_on.
pf
|
| ‘Murad put on his cap.’ |
Tswana
apara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| ke-tlaa-apar-a |
di-aparo |
tse |
di-ngwe |
|
s
i
:1
sg
-
fut
-put.on-
fv
|
pl
-cloth(8/10)
|
cl8/10.
lk
|
cl8/10-other
|
| ‘I’ll put on other clothes.’ |
Turkish
giymek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
pantolon-u-nu |
giy-di |
|
pn
|
trousers-
p
.3-
acc
|
put_on-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet put on his trousers.’ |
Turoyo
lowəš
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Gabriyel |
lwəš-le |
u |
pantron-ayḏe |
|
pn
|
put_on.
pfv
-
ls
.3
m
|
art
.
m
|
pants(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Gabriyel put on his pants.’ |
Twi
hyε
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kofi |
hyε-ε |
ne |
trokoso |
|
pn
|
put(on)-
pst
|
3
sg
.
poss
|
trousers
|
| ‘Kofi put on his trousers.’ |
Udi
lapes
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS/DAT |
| Locus: TR |
| Filip'-en |
şalvar-a |
lap-e=ne |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trousers-
dat
|
put_on-
perf
=3
sg
|
| ‘Filip put on his trousers.’ |
Udmurt
diśani̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
brjuki |
diśa-z |
|
pn
.
nom
|
trousers.
nom
|
put_on-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja put on trousers.’ |
Ukrainian
odjahnuty
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr-o |
odjahnu-v |
štan-y |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trousers-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Petro put on his trousers.’ |
Ulcha
tətu-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj |
xusə |
piktə |
mənə |
pəru-w |
tətu-xə-ni |
|
this
|
male
|
child
|
by_oneself
|
trousers-
acc
|
put_on-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘This boy put on his trousers himself.’ |
Uzbek
qiymoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
šim |
qiy-di |
|
pn
|
pants
|
put_on-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja put on his trousers.’ |
Wolof
sol
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBJ |
| Locus: TR |
| xaar-al |
ma |
sol |
y-eneen |
yére |
|
wait-
imp
.
sg
|
s
i
:1
sg
|
put.on
|
cl
y
-other
|
cloth(
b
)
|
| ‘Wait until I put on other clothes!’ |
Yukaghir (Northern)
oŋu=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
tūrī-lǝ |
oŋu-m |
|
pn
|
trousers-
acc
|
put_on-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien put on his trousers.’ |
Zazaki
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| hɛsɛn-i |
pantur-e |
xo |
kɛrd-i |
pa-ji |
|
pn
-
m
.
obl
|
trousers-
ez
.
pl
|
refl
|
do.
pst
-3
pl
|
foot-
m
.
obl
|
| ‘Hesen put on his trousers.’ |