‘punish’
Argument frame: |
X
(punish)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P.’s son was misbehaving.)
P.
punished
his son
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
наказывать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(наказывать)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Сын П. плохо себя вел)
П.
наказал
своего сына
.
|
Abaza
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Aghul
nakːazat q’.u-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
uč.i-n |
gada |
nakːazat |
q’.u-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
self-
gen
|
son
|
<punish>
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan punished his son.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+savər
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ka |
Locus: Y |
baxta |
+suvər-ra |
ka |
brat-o |
woman(
f
)
|
swear.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
to
|
girl(
f
)-
p
.3
f
|
‘The woman punished her daughter.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. Arguably, the translation is not very accurate. +taləm 'to punish' seems to belong to the same class. |
Brazilian Portuguese
castigar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
castig-ou |
seu |
filho |
pn
(
m
)
|
punish-3
sg
.
pst
|
poss
.3.
m
|
son(
m
)
|
‘Pedro punished his son.’ |
Catalan
castigar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
castig-ar |
el |
seu |
fill |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
punish-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
poss
.3.
m
.
sg
|
son(
m
)
|
‘Pere punished his son.’ |
Czech
potrestat
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
potresta-l |
syn-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
punish(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
son(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr punished his son.’ |
Danish
straffe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
straffe-de |
sin |
søn |
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
son(
c
)
|
‘Peter punished his son.’ |
Dutch
straffen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
zijn |
zoon |
ge-straf-t |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
poss
.
c
.3
sg
|
son(
c
)
|
ptcp
-punish-
ptcp
|
‘Piet punished his son.’ |
Estonian
karistama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
karista-b |
oma |
poega |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
punish-
pst
.3
sg
|
poss
.
refl
|
son.
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter punished his son.’ |
Finnish
rangaista
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
rankais-i |
poika-a-nsa |
pn
.
nom
|
punish-
pst
.3
sg
|
son-
part
-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘Pekka punished his son.’ |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
strafen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
straf-t |
sein-en |
Sohn |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
punish-
prs
.3
sg
|
his-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl punishes his son.’ |
Italian
punire
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
punito |
su-o |
figli-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
punish.
pst
.
ptcp
|
poss
.3
sg
-
sg
.
m
|
son-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo punished his son.’ |
Kazakh
žaza- ber
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
özіm-nіŋ |
ul-ï-ɣa |
žaza-sï-n |
ber-dі |
pn
|
one’s-
gen
|
son-
poss
3-
dat
|
punishment-
poss
3-
acc
|
give-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya punished his son.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
aś-eλ |
pǒχ-ǝλ |
λǒst-ǝs-λe |
father-
poss
.3
sg
|
son-
poss
.3
sg
|
slap-
pst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja slapped his son.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Latin
punio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
(August-us) |
adulter-os |
mort-e |
aut |
fug-a |
puni-v-it |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
lover(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
death(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
or
|
exile(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
punish-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
‘(Augustus) punished the lovers with death or exile.’ |
Note: (Tac. Ann. III, 24) |
Modern Hebrew
heenish
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
heenish |
et |
ha |
ben |
ʃel-o |
pn
|
punish[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
son
|
poss
-3
sg
.
m
|
‘Pinchas punished his son.’ |
Nanai
kəsuli-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
piktə-i |
kəsu.li-xə-ni |
pn
|
child-
p
.
refl
.
sg
|
punish.
pfv
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia punished his son.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å straffe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
straffe-t |
sønn-en |
sin |
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
son-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
poss
.
refl
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per punished his son.’ |
Polish
ukarać
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Andrzej |
ukara-ł |
sw-ego |
syn-a |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
punish:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
one’s_own-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Andrzej punished his son.’ |
Russian
nakazatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
nakaza-l |
svo-ego |
syn-a |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
punish(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
one’s-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja punished his son.’ |
Rutul
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Serbian
kaznio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
kazni-o |
sv-og |
sin-a |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
наказать-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
свой-
acc
.
sg
|
сын-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар наказл своего сына.’ |
Shughni
kud δêdow1
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim=i |
xu |
puc |
kud |
δod |
pn
=3
sg
|
refl
|
son
|
dog
|
give.
pst
|
‘Azim punished his son.’ |
Skolt Saami
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Slovenian
kaznovati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
je |
kaznova-l |
sin-a |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
punish:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
son-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter punished his.’ |
Spanish
castigar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ha |
castiga-do |
a |
su |
hijo |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
punish-
ptcp
:
prf
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
one’s[
sg
]
|
son[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro punished his son.’ |
Swedish
att straffa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
straffa-de |
sin |
son |
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
son
|
‘Björn punished his son.’ |
Turkish
cezalandırmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
oğl-u-nu |
cezalandır-dı |
pn
|
son-
p
.3-
acc
|
punish-
pst
|
‘Mehmet punished his son.’ |
Ulcha
gosila-
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ami-ni |
mə̄n |
piktə-ji |
ńī-ǯi |
sori-n |
turgun-dulə-ni |
gosla-xa-ni |
father-3
sg
|
self
|
child-
refl
.
sg
|
person-
ins
|
fight-3
sg
|
cause-
loc
-3
sg
|
criticize-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Father scolded his son for a fight with other people.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Zilo Andi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |