BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘punish’

Argument frame: X (punish) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P.’s son was misbehaving.) P. punished his son .
Predicate label Ru: наказывать
Argument frame Ru: X (наказывать) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Сын П. плохо себя вел) П. наказал своего сына .

Abaza *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Aghul nakːazat q’.u-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a uč.i-n gada nakːazat q’.u-ne
pn ( erg ) self- gen son <punish> do. pf - aor
‘Aslan punished his son.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +savər

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
baxta +suvər-ra ka brat-o
woman( f ) swear. pst - ls .3 f to girl( f )- p .3 f
‘The woman punished her daughter.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. Arguably, the translation is not very accurate. +taləm 'to punish' seems to belong to the same class.

Brazilian Portuguese castigar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro castig-ou seu filho
pn ( m ) punish-3 sg . pst poss .3. m son( m )
‘Pedro punished his son.’

Catalan castigar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va castig-ar el seu fill
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind punish- inf def . sg . m poss .3. m . sg son( m )
‘Pere punished his son.’

Czech potrestat

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr potresta-l syn-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] punish( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr punished his son.’

Danish straffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter straffe-de sin søn
pn punish- pst poss . refl . c . sg son( c )
‘Peter punished his son.’

Dutch straffen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft zijn zoon ge-straf-t
pn ( c ) have.3 sg poss . c .3 sg son( c ) ptcp -punish- ptcp
‘Piet punished his son.’

Estonian karistama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter karista-b oma poega
pn . sg . nom punish- pst .3 sg poss . refl son. sg . part
‘Peeter punished his son.’

Finnish rangaista

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka rankais-i poika-a-nsa
pn . nom punish- pst .3 sg son- part - poss .3 sg
‘Pekka punished his son.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

German strafen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl straf-t sein-en Sohn
pn [ nom . sg ] punish- prs .3 sg his- m . acc . sg son[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl punishes his son.’

Italian punire

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha punito su-o figli-o
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs punish. pst . ptcp poss .3 sg - sg . m son- sg . m
‘Leo punished his son.’

Kazakh žaza- ber

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya özіm-nіŋ ul-ï-ɣa žaza-sï-n ber-dі
pn one’s- gen son- poss 3- dat punishment- poss 3- acc give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya punished his son.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
aś-eλ pǒχ-ǝλ λǒst-ǝs-λe
father- poss .3 sg son- poss .3 sg slap- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja slapped his son.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Latin punio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(August-us) adulter-os mort-e aut fug-a puni-v-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg lover( m )- acc . pl death( f )- abl . sg or exile( f )- abl . sg punish- prf - ind . act .3 sg
‘(Augustus) punished the lovers with death or exile.’
Note: (Tac. Ann. III, 24)

Modern Hebrew heenish

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas heenish et ha ben ʃel-o
pn punish[ pst .3 sg . m ] do def son poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas punished his son.’

Nanai kəsuli-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia piktə-i kəsu.li-xə-ni
pn child- p . refl . sg punish. pfv - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia punished his son.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å straffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per straffe-t sønn-en sin
pn punish- pst son- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per punished his son.’

Polish ukarać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Andrzej ukara-ł sw-ego syn-a
pn - nom . sg punish: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] one’s_own- m . acc . sg son- acc . sg
‘Andrzej punished his son.’

Russian nakazatʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja nakaza-l svo-ego syn-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg punish( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] one’s- m . acc . sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petja punished his son.’

Rutul *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Serbian kaznio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je kazni-o sv-og sin-a
pn . nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg наказать- part . perf . m . sg свой- acc . sg сын- acc . sg
‘Петар наказл своего сына.’

Shughni kud δêdow1

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i xu puc kud δod
pn =3 sg refl son dog give. pst
‘Azim punished his son.’

Skolt Saami *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Slovenian kaznovati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je kaznova-l sin-a
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg punish: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] son- acc . sg
‘Peter punished his.’

Spanish castigar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha castiga-do a su hijo
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg punish- ptcp : prf dir . obj . anm one’s[ sg ] son[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro punished his son.’

Swedish att straffa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn straffa-de sin son
pn punish- pst poss . refl . c . sg son
‘Björn punished his son.’

Turkish cezalandırmak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet oğl-u-nu cezalandır-dı
pn son- p .3- acc punish- pst
‘Mehmet punished his son.’

Ulcha gosila-

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ami-ni mə̄n piktə-ji ńī-ǯi sori-n turgun-dulə-ni gosla-xa-ni
father-3 sg self child- refl . sg person- ins fight-3 sg cause- loc -3 sg criticize- pst -3 sg
‘Father scolded his son for a fight with other people.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Zilo Andi *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.