‘punish’
| Argument frame: |
X
(punish)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(P.’s son was misbehaving.)
P.
punished
his son
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
наказывать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(наказывать)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Сын П. плохо себя вел)
П.
наказал
своего сына
.
|
Abaza
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Aghul
nakːazat q’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
uč.i-n |
gada |
nakːazat |
q’.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
self-
gen
|
son
|
<punish>
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan punished his son.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+savər
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| baxta |
+suvər-ra |
ka |
brat-o |
|
woman(
f
)
|
swear.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
to
|
girl(
f
)-
p
.3
f
|
| ‘The woman punished her daughter.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. Arguably, the translation is not very accurate. +taləm 'to punish' seems to belong to the same class. |
Brazilian Portuguese
castigar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
castig-ou |
seu |
filho |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
punish-3
sg
.
pst
|
poss
.3.
m
|
son(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro punished his son.’ |
Catalan
castigar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
va |
castig-ar |
el |
seu |
fill |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
punish-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
poss
.3.
m
.
sg
|
son(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere punished his son.’ |
Czech
potrestat
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
potresta-l |
syn-a |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
punish(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
son(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr punished his son.’ |
Danish
straffe
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
straffe-de |
sin |
søn |
|
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
son(
c
)
|
| ‘Peter punished his son.’ |
Dutch
straffen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
zijn |
zoon |
ge-straf-t |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
poss
.
c
.3
sg
|
son(
c
)
|
ptcp
-punish-
ptcp
|
| ‘Piet punished his son.’ |
Estonian
karistama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
karista-b |
oma |
poega |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
punish-
pst
.3
sg
|
poss
.
refl
|
son.
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter punished his son.’ |
Finnish
rangaista
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
rankais-i |
poika-a-nsa |
|
pn
.
nom
|
punish-
pst
.3
sg
|
son-
part
-
poss
.3
sg
|
| ‘Pekka punished his son.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
strafen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
straf-t |
sein-en |
Sohn |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
punish-
prs
.3
sg
|
his-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl punishes his son.’ |
Italian
punire
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
ha |
punito |
su-o |
figli-o |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
punish.
pst
.
ptcp
|
poss
.3
sg
-
sg
.
m
|
son-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Leo punished his son.’ |
Kazakh
žaza- ber
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
özіm-nіŋ |
ul-ï-ɣa |
žaza-sï-n |
ber-dі |
|
pn
|
one’s-
gen
|
son-
poss
3-
dat
|
punishment-
poss
3-
acc
|
give-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya punished his son.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| aś-eλ |
pǒχ-ǝλ |
λǒst-ǝs-λe |
|
father-
poss
.3
sg
|
son-
poss
.3
sg
|
slap-
pst
-3
sg
.
so
|
| ‘Petja slapped his son.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Latin
punio
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (August-us) |
adulter-os |
mort-e |
aut |
fug-a |
puni-v-it |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
lover(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
death(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
or
|
exile(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
punish-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘(Augustus) punished the lovers with death or exile.’ |
| Note: (Tac. Ann. III, 24) |
Modern Hebrew
heenish
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
heenish |
et |
ha |
ben |
ʃel-o |
|
pn
|
punish[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
son
|
poss
-3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Pinchas punished his son.’ |
Nanai
kəsuli-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
piktə-i |
kəsu.li-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
child-
p
.
refl
.
sg
|
punish.
pfv
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia punished his son.’ |
Nivkh
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å straffe
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
straffe-t |
sønn-en |
sin |
|
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
son-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
poss
.
refl
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Per punished his son.’ |
Polish
ukarać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Andrzej |
ukara-ł |
sw-ego |
syn-a |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
punish:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
one’s_own-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Andrzej punished his son.’ |
Russian
nakazatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
nakaza-l |
svo-ego |
syn-a |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
punish(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
one’s-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
son(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja punished his son.’ |
Rutul
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Serbian
kaznio
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
je |
kazni-o |
sv-og |
sin-a |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
наказать-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
свой-
acc
.
sg
|
сын-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Петар наказл своего сына.’ |
Shughni
kud δêdow1
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim=i |
xu |
puc |
kud |
δod |
|
pn
=3
sg
|
refl
|
son
|
dog
|
give.
pst
|
| ‘Azim punished his son.’ |
Skolt Saami
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Slovenian
kaznovati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
je |
kaznova-l |
sin-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
punish:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
son-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter punished his.’ |
Spanish
castigar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
ha |
castiga-do |
a |
su |
hijo |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
punish-
ptcp
:
prf
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
one’s[
sg
]
|
son[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro punished his son.’ |
Swedish
att straffa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
straffa-de |
sin |
son |
|
pn
|
punish-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
c
.
sg
|
son
|
| ‘Björn punished his son.’ |
Turkish
cezalandırmak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
oğl-u-nu |
cezalandır-dı |
|
pn
|
son-
p
.3-
acc
|
punish-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet punished his son.’ |
Ulcha
gosila-
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ami-ni |
mə̄n |
piktə-ji |
ńī-ǯi |
sori-n |
turgun-dulə-ni |
gosla-xa-ni |
|
father-3
sg
|
self
|
child-
refl
.
sg
|
person-
ins
|
fight-3
sg
|
cause-
loc
-3
sg
|
criticize-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Father scolded his son for a fight with other people.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Zilo Andi
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
