‘pour’
Argument frame: |
X
(pour)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
poured
the sugar
(into the cup).
|
Predicate label Ru: |
сыпать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(сыпать)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
насыпал
сахар
(в чашку).
|
Abaza
ta-psa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
á-č’ḳʷən |
fač’ə́ʕʷ |
ʕa-ta-j-psá-ṭ |
def
-boy
|
sugar
|
cisl
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-pour(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘The boy poured some sugar.’ |
Aghul
aq.u-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
pusuk’ |
aq.u-ne |
kuruškː.i-ʔ |
pn
(
erg
)
|
sugar
|
{
in
}pour.
pf
-
aor
|
mug-
in
|
‘Aslan poured the sugar into the mug.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
darə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
baxta |
dri-la |
šacar |
gu |
mana |
woman(
f
)
|
pour.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
sugar(
m
)
|
in
|
vessel(
m
)
|
‘The woman poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Brazilian Portuguese
colocar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
coloc-a |
açúcar |
pn
(
m
)
|
place-3
sg
.
prs
|
sugar(
m
)
|
‘Pedro poured some sugar.’ |
Catalan
abocar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
aboc-ar |
el |
sucre |
a |
la |
tassa |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
pour-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
sugar(
m
)
|
to
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
cup(
f
)
|
‘Pere poured the sugar (into the cup).’ |
Czech
dát
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
da-l |
cukr |
do |
sklenic-e |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
put(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
sugar(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
glass(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petr poured the sugar in the glass.’ |
Danish
putte i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
putte-de |
sukker |
i |
kopp-en |
pn
|
put-
pst
|
sugar(
n
)
|
in
|
cup(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter poured the sugar.’ |
Dutch
doen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
deed |
suiker |
in |
het |
kopje |
pn
(
c
)
|
do.
pst
|
sugar(
c
)
|
in
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
cup(
n
)
|
‘Piet poured sugar into the cup.’ |
Estonian
valama
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
vala-s |
suhkru-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
pour-
pst
.3
sg
|
sugar-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter poured sugar.’ |
Finnish
kaataa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
kaat-oi |
sokeri-n |
kuppi-in |
pn
.
nom
|
pour-
pst
.3
sg
|
sugar-
gen
|
cup-
ill
|
‘Pekka poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Forest Enets
bata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
dʲaasa-da |
dʲizi |
mi-ʔ |
bata-bi-za |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
flour-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
cauldron
|
inside-
dat
|
pour_out(
pfv
)-
prf
-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend poured the flour into the bucket’. |
German
schütten
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
schütte-t |
Zucker |
in |
die |
Tasse |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
pour-
prs
.3
sg
|
sugar[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
def
.
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
cup[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl pours sugar into the cup.’ |
Italian
mettere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
messo |
lo |
zuccher-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
put.
pst
.
ptcp
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
sugar-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo poured some sugar.’ |
Kazakh
sal
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
qant-tï |
sal-dï |
pn
|
sugar-
acc
|
put-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya poured sugar.’ |
Kazym Khanty
pǒnti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
an-λ-a |
sakkar |
pǒn-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
cup-
poss
.3
sg
-
dat
|
sugar
|
put-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Latin
infundo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
(Lateran-us) |
manipl-os |
solv-e-t |
et |
infund-e-t |
iument-is |
horde-a |
lass-is |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
sheaf(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
unbind-
fut
.
ind
-
act
.3
sg
|
and
|
pour-
fut
.
ind
-
act
.3
sg
|
cattle(
n
)-
dat
.
pl
|
barley(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
|
weary-
dat
.
pl
.
n
|
‘(Lateranus) will unbind the sheaves and pour the barley to his weary cattle.’ |
Note: (Juv. 8, 153) |
Modern Hebrew
ʃafaχ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
ʃafaχ |
et |
ha |
sukar |
pn
|
pour[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
sugar
|
‘Pinchas poured the sugar.’ |
Nanai
nəə-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
seata-wa |
aleo-či |
nəə-xə-ni |
pn
|
sugar-
obl
|
tableware-
dir
|
put-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Nivkh
sid
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
ŋirŋ-dоχ |
sеta |
si-d |
pn
|
cup-
dat
/
add
|
sugar
|
put-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å strø
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
strød-de |
sukker |
i |
kopp-en |
pn
|
pour-
pst
|
sugar
|
in
|
cup-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Polish
wsypać
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Staszek |
wsypa-ł |
cukier |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
pour:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
sugar[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Staszek poured the sugar.’ |
Russian
nasypatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
nasypa-l |
saxar |
v |
čašk-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
pour(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
sugar(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
cup(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Rutul
kiɁɨraj
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
pisuk’ |
ki-Ɂɨ-r=a-j |
istek’an-e |
pn
-
erg
|
sugar(
nom
)
|
pv
-4.add.
pfv
-
cvb
=be-
pst
|
glass-
in
|
‘Rasul poured the sugar.’ |
Serbian
stavio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
stavi-o |
šećer |
u |
šolj-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
положить-
part
.
perf
.М.
sg
|
сахар.
acc
.
sg
|
в
|
чашка-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар насыпал сахар в чашку.’ |
Shughni
čīdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Šamil=i |
qand |
ar |
xu |
čīni |
čūd |
pn
=3
sg
|
sugar
|
prep
.
down
|
refl
|
cup
|
do.
pst
|
‘Shamil poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Skolt Saami
kâʹlvved
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
kõõʹlv-i |
säähhar |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
pour-
pst
.3
sg
|
sugar.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete poured the sugar (into the cup).’ |
Slovenian
nasuti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
je |
nasu-l |
sladkor |
v |
skodelic-o |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
pour:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
sugar[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
cup-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter poured the sugar into the cup.’ |
Spanish
echar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ech-ó |
azúcar |
a |
la |
taza |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
throw-
aor
.3
sg
|
sugar[
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
cup[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro poured some sugar into the cup.’ |
Swedish
att hälla i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
häll-de |
i |
socker |
i |
kopp-en |
pn
|
pour-
pst
|
in
|
sugar
|
in
|
cup-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn poured sugar into the cup.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (the first i is not a flagging device). |
Turkish
dökmek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
bardağ-a |
şeker |
dök-tü |
pn
|
glass-
dat
|
sugar
|
pour-
pst
|
‘Mehmet poured sugar into the glass.’ |
Ulcha
xūlu-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ama |
seata-wa |
čaj=ban |
xūl-xə-ni |
father
|
sugar-
acc
|
tea=to
|
pour-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Father poured the sugar into the tea.’ |
Zilo Andi
t’inn.i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
ali-di |
pisoki |
t’inn.i |
pn
-
erg
|
sugar[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
pour.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Ali poured the sugar.’ |