‘pour’
| Argument frame: | X (pour) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. poured the sugar (into the cup). |
| Predicate label Ru: | сыпать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (сыпать) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. насыпал сахар (в чашку). |
Abaza ta-psa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č’ḳʷən | fač’ə́ʕʷ | ʕa-ta-j-psá-ṭ |
| def -boy | sugar | cisl - loc -3 sg . m . erg -pour( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The boy poured some sugar.’ | ||
Aghul aq.u-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | pusuk’ | aq.u-ne | kuruškː.i-ʔ |
| pn ( erg ) | sugar | { in }pour. pf - aor | mug- in |
| ‘Aslan poured the sugar into the mug.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic darə
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| baxta | dri-la | šacar | gu | mana |
| woman( f ) | pour. pst - ls .3 f | sugar( m ) | in | vessel( m ) |
| ‘The woman poured the sugar into the cup.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese colocar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | coloc-a | açúcar |
| pn ( m ) | place-3 sg . prs | sugar( m ) |
| ‘Pedro poured some sugar.’ | ||
Catalan abocar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | aboc-ar | el | sucre | a | la | tassa |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | pour- inf | def . sg . m | sugar( m ) | to | def . sg . f | cup( f ) |
| ‘Pere poured the sugar (into the cup).’ | ||||||||
Czech dát
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | da-l | cukr | do | sklenic-e |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | put( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | sugar( m )[ acc . sg ] | in | glass( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petr poured the sugar in the glass.’ | ||||
Danish putte i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | putte-de | sukker | i | kopp-en |
| pn | put- pst | sugar( n ) | in | cup( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter poured the sugar.’ | ||||
Dutch doen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | deed | suiker | in | het | kopje |
| pn ( c ) | do. pst | sugar( c ) | in | art . def . n | cup( n ) |
| ‘Piet poured sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
Estonian valama
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | vala-s | suhkru-t |
| pn . sg . nom | pour- pst .3 sg | sugar- sg . part |
| ‘Peeter poured sugar.’ | ||
Finnish kaataa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | kaat-oi | sokeri-n | kuppi-in |
| pn . nom | pour- pst .3 sg | sugar- gen | cup- ill |
| ‘Pekka poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||
Forest Enets bata
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | dʲaasa-da | dʲizi | mi-ʔ | bata-bi-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | flour- obl . sg .3 sg | cauldron | inside- dat | pour_out( pfv )- prf -3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend poured the flour into the bucket’. | |||||
German schütten
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | schütte-t | Zucker | in | die | Tasse |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | pour- prs .3 sg | sugar[ acc . sg ] | in | def . f . acc . sg | cup[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl pours sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
Italian mettere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | messo | lo | zuccher-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | put. pst . ptcp | def . sg . m | sugar- sg . m |
| ‘Leo poured some sugar.’ | ||||
Kazakh sal
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | qant-tï | sal-dï |
| pn | sugar- acc | put- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya poured sugar.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty pǒnti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | an-λ-a | sakkar | pǒn-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | cup- poss .3 sg - dat | sugar | put- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||
Latin infundo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Lateran-us) | manipl-os | solv-e-t | et | infund-e-t | iument-is | horde-a | lass-is |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | sheaf( m )- acc . pl | unbind- fut . ind - act .3 sg | and | pour- fut . ind - act .3 sg | cattle( n )- dat . pl | barley( n )- acc . pl | weary- dat . pl . n |
| ‘(Lateranus) will unbind the sheaves and pour the barley to his weary cattle.’ | |||||||
| Note: (Juv. 8, 153) | |||||||
Modern Hebrew ʃafaχ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | ʃafaχ | et | ha | sukar |
| pn | pour[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | def | sugar |
| ‘Pinchas poured the sugar.’ | ||||
Nanai nəə-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | seata-wa | aleo-či | nəə-xə-ni |
| pn | sugar- obl | tableware- dir | put- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||
Nivkh sid
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | ŋirŋ-dоχ | sеta | si-d |
| pn | cup- dat / add | sugar | put- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å strø
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | strød-de | sukker | i | kopp-en |
| pn | pour- pst | sugar | in | cup- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per poured the sugar into the cup.’ | ||||
Polish wsypać
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Staszek | wsypa-ł | cukier |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | pour: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | sugar[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Staszek poured the sugar.’ | ||
Russian nasypatʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | nasypa-l | saxar | v | čašk-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | pour( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | sugar( m )[ acc . sg ] | in | cup( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja poured the sugar into the cup.’ | ||||
Rutul kiɁɨraj
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | pisuk’ | ki-Ɂɨ-r=a-j | istek’an-e |
| pn - erg | sugar( nom ) | pv -4.add. pfv - cvb =be- pst | glass- in |
| ‘Rasul poured the sugar.’ | |||
Serbian stavio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | stavi-o | šećer | u | šolj-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | положить- part . perf .М. sg | сахар. acc . sg | в | чашка- acc . sg |
| ‘Петар насыпал сахар в чашку.’ | |||||
Shughni čīdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Šamil=i | qand | ar | xu | čīni | čūd |
| pn =3 sg | sugar | prep . down | refl | cup | do. pst |
| ‘Shamil poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
Skolt Saami kâʹlvved
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | kõõʹlv-i | säähhar |
| pn . sg . nom | pour- pst .3 sg | sugar. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete poured the sugar (into the cup).’ | ||
Slovenian nasuti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | nasu-l | sladkor | v | skodelic-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | pour: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | sugar[ acc . sg ] | in | cup- acc . sg |
| ‘Peter poured the sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
Spanish echar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | ech-ó | azúcar | a | la | taza |
| pn [ sg . m ] | throw- aor .3 sg | sugar[ sg . m ] | to | art . def . sg . f | cup[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro poured some sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
Swedish att hälla i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | häll-de | i | socker | i | kopp-en |
| pn | pour- pst | in | sugar | in | cup- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn poured sugar into the cup.’ | |||||
| Note: Phrasal verb (the first i is not a flagging device). | |||||
Turkish dökmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | bardağ-a | şeker | dök-tü |
| pn | glass- dat | sugar | pour- pst |
| ‘Mehmet poured sugar into the glass.’ | |||
Ulcha xūlu-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | seata-wa | čaj=ban | xūl-xə-ni |
| father | sugar- acc | tea=to | pour- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father poured the sugar into the tea.’ | |||
Zilo Andi t’inn.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di | pisoki | t’inn.i |
| pn - erg | sugar[ inan 1][ nom ] | pour. pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Ali poured the sugar.’ | ||