BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘play (instrument)’

Argument frame: X (play) Y
Stimulus sentence: (What is P. doing?) P. is playing the guitar .
Predicate label Ru: играть
Argument frame Ru: X (играть) на Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Что сейчас делает П.?) П. играет на гитаре .

Abaza

Valency pattern: ABS_IO
X: ABS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
fatíma gitára d-á-s-əj-d
pn guitar 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io -hit- prs - dcl
‘Fatima is playing the guitar.’

Adyghe je-we

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pŝaŝe-r gitare-m je-we
девушка- abs гитара- obl 3 sg . io + dat -бить
‘Девушка играет на гитаре.’

Aghul jarʜ.a-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a č’iʁan jarʜ.a-a
pn ( erg ) squeezebox strike. ipf - prs
‘Aslan is playing the sqeezebox.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +ṭavəl

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
+Ašur ṭavul=ələ +al zurna
pn play. prog =3 m on zurna(?)
‘Ashur is playing the zurna.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Bambara fɔ́

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù bɛ́_kà nkòni` fɔ́
pn prog lute\ art say
‘Seku is playing the lute.’

Brazilian Portuguese tocar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro toc-a violão
pn ( m ) play-3 sg . prs guitar( m )
‘Pedro is playing the guitar.’

Catalan tocar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere està toc-ant la guitarra
def . sg . m pn ( m ) be.3 sg . prs . ind play- ger def . sg . f guitar( f )
‘Pere is playing the guitar.’

Czech hrát

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr hraje na kytar-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] play( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on guitar( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr is playing the guitar.’

Danish spille

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter spille-r guitar
pn play- prs guitar( c ). sg
‘Peter is playing the guitar.’

Dutch spelen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet is gitaar aan het spel-en
pn (С) cop .3 sg guitar( c ) on art . def . n play- inf
‘Piet is playing the guitar.’

Eastern Maninka fɔ́

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù yé kɔ̀nin fɔ́-la.
pn be lute say- inf . la
‘Seku is playing the lute.’

English play

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter is playing the guitar.

Estonian mängima

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter mängi-b kitarri
pn . sg . nom play- prs .3 sg guitar. sg . part
‘Peeter is playing the guitar.’

Finnish soittaa

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka soitt-aa kitara-a
pn . nom play- prs .3 sg guitar- part
‘Pekka is playing the guitar.’

Forest Enets sɛnoko

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ garmoʃka-xan sɛnokoɔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg squeezebox- loc . sg play( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend is playing the squeezebox’.

French jouer

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Paul joue de la guitare
pn ( m ) play. prs .3 sg of def . sg . f guitar( f )
‘Paul is playing the guitar.’

Georgian Ø-u-k'r-av-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT.SUPERESS
X: ERG
Y: DAT.SUPERESS
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø git'ara-ze melodia-s Ø-u-k'r-av-s
pn - nom guitar- pstp : superess melody- dat io 3- ver : o -play- sm - s 3 sg
‘Petre is playing a tune on the guitar.’
Note: DAT IO omitted.

German spielen

Valency pattern: NOM_aufDAT
X: NOM
Y: aufDAT
Locus: Y
Karl spiel-t auf der Gitarre
pn [ nom . sg ] play- prs .3 sg on def . f . dat . sg guitar[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl is playing the guitar.’

Irish seinn

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pól ag seimint an guitar.
be. prs pn at play. nmlz def guitar( gs )
‘Pól is playing the guitar.’
Note: The Y argument is in the GS-form because the verb is nominalized as part of the progressive construction.

Italian suonare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo suon-a la chitarr-a
pn ( m ) play-3 sg . prs def . sg . f guitar- sg . f
‘Leo is playing the guitar.’

Kalderash Romani dilabal

Valency pattern: NOM_pe
X: NOM
Y: pe
Locus: Y
o Murš-a dilaba-l pe gitar-a
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg sing- prs .3 sg in guitar- nom . sg
‘Murša is playing the guitar.’
Note: With a pronominal Y argument, the structure with the pe + locative case (LOC) would be used.

Kazakh oyna

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Petya giytara-da oyna-ydï
pn guitar- loc play- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya is playing the guitar.’

Kazym Khanty jǒntti

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en nars_jŭχ-ǝn jŏnt-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg nares_jux- loc play- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is playing the nares-jux.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
di-lo uža qwaja-ha gitara
1 sg . o - gen 2 son \ erg играть- prs гитара
‘Мой сын играет на гитаре.’
Note: Alternative is “fatima-qo b-eq-qo gitara” [Фатима-cont iii-уметь-prs гитара] ‘Фатима умеет (играть на) гитаре’, where the model is CONT_ABS.

Kina Rutul wɨrɨˁχɨˁra

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a saz wɨ-rɨˁχɨˁ-r=a
pn - erg saz( nom ) 3-hit. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul is playing the saz.’

Latin modulor

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
pastor inaequal-i modula-tur harundin-e carmen
shepherd( m ). nom . sg unequal- abl . sg play- prs . ind . act .3 sg reed( f )- abl . sg song( n ). acc . sg
‘A shepherd is playing a song his unequal reeds.’
Note: (Ov. Rem. Am. 181)

Mandarin Chinese tán

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān zài tán jítā
pn prog play guitar
‘Zhangsan is playing the guitar.’

Mingrelian mi-Ø-o-g-an-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-Ø git'ara-s mi-Ø-o-g-an-s.
pn - nom guitar- dat prv - io 3- ver : loc -play- sm - s 3 sg
‘Chelo is playing the guitar.’

Modern Hebrew menagen

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
Pinχas menagen ba gitara
pn play[ ptcp . sg . m ] in+ def guitar
‘Pinchas is playing the guitar.’

Nanai kupi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petia gitar(a)-ǯi kupi-ni
pn guitar- ins play. npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia is playing the guitar.’

Nivkh sеwd

Valency pattern: SBJ_INS
X: SBJ
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Kaskazik gitara-ɣir̥ sеw-d
pn guitar- ins play- ind
‘Kaskazik is playing the guitar.’

Northern Mansi jonji

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ōjka-riɕ jonj-i sāŋkwəltap-əl
old_man- dim play- npst .3 sg sangkweltap- ins
‘The old man plays the sangkweltap.’

Northern Yukaghir jуora=

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn ǝrkǝjǝ-lǝk juorа̄-nu-j
pn tambourine- ins play- ipf - intr .3 sg
‘Semien is playing the tambourine.’

Norwegian Bokmål å spille

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per spille-r gitar
pn play- prs guitar
‘Per is playing the guitar.’

Polish grać

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Dariusz gra na gitarz-e
pn [ nom . sg ] play: ipfv . prs .3 sg on guitar- loc . sg
‘Dariusz is playing the guitar.’

Russian igratʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Pet-ja igra-et na gitar-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg play( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on guitar( f )- loc . sg
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

Serbian svirati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar svira gitar-u
pn . nom . sg play. prs .3 sg guitar- acc . sg
‘Petar is playing the guitar.’

Shughni niwêzdow

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
Ahmed gitar-ti niwoz-d
pn guitar- sup play-3 sg
‘Ahmed is playing the guitar.’

Skolt Saami siõrrâd

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peâtt seârr kitara-in
pn . sg . nom play. prs .3 sg guitar- sg . com
‘PN is playing the guitar.’

Slovak hrať

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Peter hrá na gitar-e
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] play( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on guitar( f )- loc . sg
‘Peter is playing the guitar.’

Slovenian igrati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter igra kitar-o
pn [ nom . sg ] play: ipfv . prs .3 sg guitar- acc . sg
‘Peter is playing the guitar.’

Sorani Kurdish amêrî mûsiqa jenîn

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Hîwa gîtar-î de-jen-ê
pn guitar- obl ind -play. prs -3 sg
‘Hiwa plays the guitar.’
Note: The OBL morpheme is used as a residual case marker here.

Spanish tocar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro toc-a la guitarra
pn [ sg . m ] touch- prs .3 sg art . def . sg . f guitar[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro is playing the guitar.’

Swedish att spela

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn spela-r gitarr
pn play- prs guitar
‘Björn is playing the guitar.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
T<um>u~tugtog ng gitara si Pedro
< av > ipfv ~play gen guitar pers . subj pn
‘Pedro is playing the guitar.’
Note: Alternative is a construction where Y is incorporated into the verb: “Nag-gi~gitara si Pedro” [AV-IPFV~play guitar PERS.SUBJ PN] ‘Pedro is playing the guitar.’

Telugu vāyiṁcu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pravīṇ giṭār vāyistunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom guitar( n ). sg . nom strike. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen is playing the guitar.’

Turkish çalmak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet gitar çal-ıyor
pn guitar strike- prs
‘Mehmet is playing the guitar.’

Ulcha xupi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
min piktə-j təŋkərə-ǯi xup-i-ni
my child-1 sg tengkere- ins play- prs -3 sg
‘My son is playing the tengkere.’
Note: Tengkere is a string instrument.

Uzbek yo’namoq

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Petya gitara-da o’yna-yab-ti
pn guitar- loc play- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

West Central Oromo tap'ata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
nam-ittʃ-i gitaara tap'attʃ-aa dʒir-a
man- def - nom guitar. abs play- prog aux -3 sg . m . npst
‘Obsa is playing a guitar.’

Zilo Andi qχʷar.i-r

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
pat’imati-di pandur qχʷar.i-r
pn - erg guitar[ inan 1][ nom ] play. pst - prog
‘Patimat is playing the guitar.’