BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘paint’

Argument frame:

X (paint) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. painted the fence .

Predicate label Ru:

красить

Argument frame Ru:

X (красить) Y

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. покрасил забор .

Abaza ŝə

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

á-č’ḳʷən	a-gʷára	j-ŝə́-d
def -boy	def -fence	3 sg . m . erg -paint( aor )- dcl
‘The boy painted the fence.’

Adyghe ʁele

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

č̣ʼale-m	čʼewə-r	ə-ʁe.la-ʁ
парень- obl	забор- abs	3 sg . erg -красить- pst
‘Парень покрасил забор.’

Aghul šur jarʜ.u-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan.a	zabur.i-s	šur	jarʜ.u-ne
pn ( erg )	fence- dat	paint	strike. pf - aor
‘Aslan painted the fence.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic maxə rang

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

sava	məxy-e-l	rang	guydanə
old. m	beat. pst - ss ( o ).3 pl - ls .3 m	color( m )	wall( m ). pl
‘The oldman painted the walls.’

Bambara ɲɛ̀gɛn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	ye	só`	ɲɛ̀gɛn
pn	pfv . tr	house\ art	paint
‘Seku painted the house.’

Brazilian Portuguese pintar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	pint-ou	a	cerca
pn ( m )	paint-3 sg . pst	def . f	fence( f )
‘Pedro painted the fence.’

Catalan pintar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	va	pint-ar	la	tanca
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	paint- inf	def . sg . f	fence( f )
‘Pere painted the fence.’

Czech natřít

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petr	natře-l	plot
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	paint( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	fence( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr painted the fence.’

Danish male

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	male-de	stakitt-et
pn	paint- pst	fence( n )- def . sg
‘Peter painted the fence.’

Dutch verven

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	heeft	het	hekje	ge-verf-d
pn (С)	have.3 sg	art . def . n	fence( n )	ptcp -paint- ptcp
‘Piet painted the fence.’

Eastern Maninka pɛ́nturu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	báda	à	lá	bón`	pɛ́nturu.
pn	prf	3 sg	poss	house\ art	paint
‘Seku has painted his house.’

English paint

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	painted	the	fence.

Estonian värvima

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Peeter	värvi-s	aeda
pn . sg . nom	paint- pst .3 sg	fence. sg . part
‘Peeter painted the fence.’

Finnish maalata

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	maala-si	aida-n
pn . nom	paint- pst .3 sg	fence- gen
‘Pekka painted the fence.’

Forest Enets krasijr

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

kasa-jʔ	pe	ne	kexon	kamozo-da	krasij-bi-za
man- nom . sg .1 sg	outdoors	side	side- loc . sg	house- obl . sg .3 sg	paint( ipfv )- prf -3 sg . so sg
‘My friend painted his house on the side of the street’.
Note: This is probably a spontaneous borrowing from Russian.

French peindre

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	a	peint	sa	palissade
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	paint. pst . ptcp . m	one’s. sg . f	fence( f )
‘Paul painted his fence.’

Georgian še-Ø-γeb-av-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

p'et're-m	γobe-Ø	še-Ø-γeb-a
pn - erg	fence- nom	prv :inward- do 3-paint- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre painted the fence.’

German streichen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	strich	den	Zaun
pn [ nom . sg ]	paint. pst .3 sg	def . m . acc . sg	fence[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl painted the fence.’

Irish péinteáil

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Phéinteáil	Peter	an	falla.
pst /paint	pn	def	fence
‘Pól painted the fence.’

Italian pitturare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	ha	pitturato	il	recint-o
pn ( m )	aux .3 sg . prs	paint. pst . ptcp	def . sg . m	fence- sg . m
‘Leo painted the fence.’

Kalderash Romani makhəl

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	makh-ľ-a	ə	bar
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	paint- pst -3 sg	art . f . dir . sg	fence[ acc . sg ]
‘Murša painted the fence.’

Kazakh boya

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	qoršaw-dï	boya-dï
pn	fence- acc	paint- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya painted the fence.’

Kazym Khanty ɔλǝpǝn nԑrti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	χɔp-ǝλ	ɔλǝp-ǝn	nԑr-s-ǝλλe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	boat- poss .3 sg	paint- loc	smear- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja painted the boat.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT

X: ERG

Y: CONT

Locus: Y

di-lo	uža	qado-qo	(tošu)	l-eχe-na
1 sg . o - gen 2	сын\ erg	стена( v )- cont	каша( iv )	iv -мазать- pst . u
‘Мой сын измазал стену кашей.’
Note: The meaning to paint is rendered by the same structure where the theme participant is expresed as “suʁat” ‘lime’ (in the Absolutive case).

Kina Rutul šir jiˀwχaˀra

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

rasul-a	čapra-s	šir	jiˀ<w>χaˀ-r=a
pn - erg	fence. obl - dat	paint	<3>hit. ipfv . ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul painted the fence.’

Latin pingo

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

me-um	cori-um	quem	Apelle-s	ac	Zeuxis	duo	ping-e-nt	pigment-is	ulme-is
my- acc . sg . n	skin( n )- acc . sg	which. acc . sg	pn ( m )- nom . sg	and_also	pn ( m ). nom . sg	two. nom . m	paint- fut . ind - act .3 pl	pigment( n )- abl . pl	elm_tree- abl . pl . n
‘My back that both Apelles and Zeuxis will paint with elm-tree colours.’
Note: (Pl. Epid. 626)

Mandarin Chinese shuā guo yóuqī

Valency pattern: SBJ_gei

X: SBJ

Y: gei

Locus: Y

Zhāngsān	gěi	wéilán	shuā	guo	yóuqī	le
pn	for	fence	brush	exp	paint	pfv
‘Zhangsan painted the fence.’

Mingrelian do-Ø-γap-un-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

čelo-k	γober-(i)	do-Ø-γap-u.
pn - erg	fence-( nom )	prv - do 3-paint- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo painted the fence.’

Modern Hebrew tsava

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	tsava	et	ha	gader
pn	paint[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	fence
‘Pinchas painted the fence.’

Nanai niulə-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	geasa-wa	niulə-xə-ni
pn	hedge- obl	paint- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia painted the fence.’

Nivkh jivud

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	vazr̥	j-ivu-d
pn	fence	3 sg -paint- ind
‘Kaskazik painted the fence.’

Northern Mansi sartəste

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pajel	pūsas	ōl’p-əl	sart-əs-t-e
pn	fence	color- ins	smear- pst -3 sg . o -3 sg . s
‘Pasha painted the fence’

Northern Yukaghir sуrǝlˈǝs=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Əkulˈǝ	kuhljankǝ-lǝ	surǝ-lˈǝ-s-u-m
pn	kukhlyanka- acc	color- prop - caus -0- tr .3 sg
‘Akulina dyed the kukhlyanka.’
Note: Kukhlyanka is a traditional fur ipper garment.

Norwegian Bokmål å male

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	mal-te	gjerd-et
pn	paint- pst	fence- def . n . sg
‘Per painted the fence.’

Polish pomalować

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Tomasz	pomalowa-ł	płot
pn [ nom . sg ]	paint: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ]	fence[ acc . sg ]
‘Tomasz painted the fence.’

Russian pokrasitʹ

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pet-ja	pokrasi-l	zabor
pn ( m )- nom . sg	paint( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	fence( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja painted the fence.’

Serbian ofarbati

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	je	ofarba-o	ograd-u
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	paint- part . perf . m . sg	fence- acc . sg
‘Petar painted the fence.’

Shughni rang čīdow

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Azim=i	xu	divi	rang	čūd
pn =3 sg	refl	door	color	do. pst
‘Azim painted the door.’

Skolt Saami kälkkeed

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	kälkki-i	ääiʹd
pn . sg . nom	paint- pst .3 sg	fence. sg . acc
‘Pete painted the fence.’

Slovak natrieť

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	natre-l	plot
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	paint( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	fence( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter painted the fence.’

Slovenian pobarvati

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	je	pobarva-l	ograj-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	paint: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	fence- acc . sg
‘Peter painted the fence.’

Sorani Kurdish r̂eng kirdin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Hîwa	perjîn-eke=î	r̂eng	kird-Ø
pn	fence- def =3 sg . pc	color	do. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa painted the fence.’
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense.

Spanish pintar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	ha	pinta-do	la	valla
pn [ sg . m ]	aux .3 sg	paint- ptcp : prf	art . def . sg . f	fence[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro painted the fence.’

Swedish att måla

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	måla-de	staket-et
pn	paint- pst	fence- def . n . sg
‘Björn painted the fence.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

P<in>inturah-an	ni	Pedro	ang	bakod
< pv > pfv ~paint- lv	pers . gen	pn	subj	fence
‘Pedro painted the fence’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here?

Telugu raṁgu vēyu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	tana	kaṁce-ki	raṁgu	vēsāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	own	fence( n ). sg . obl - dat	colour( n ). sg . nom	throw. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen painted his fence.’

Turkish boyamak

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	çit-ler-i	boya-dı
pn	fence- pl - acc	paint- pst
‘Mehmet painted the fence.’

Ulcha ńīlči-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

ama	kərəmbə-wə	ńīl-či-xə-n
father	fence- acc	paint- iter - pst -3 sg
‘Father painted the fence.’

Uzbek bo’yamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	panžara-ni	bo’ya-p	tur-ib-ti
pn	fence- acc	paint- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja painted the fence.’

West Central Oromo halluu diba

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	dallaa	sana	halluu	dib-e
pn - nom	fence. abs	that. abs	color	paint-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa painted the fence.’

Zilo Andi buʃ.o

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

ali-di	qχen	buʃ.o
pn - erg	wall[ inan 1][ nom ]	smear. pst ( aor )
‘Ali painted the wall.’