‘open’
| Argument frame: | X (open) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. opened a can . |
| Predicate label Ru: | открывать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (открывать) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. открыл банку . |
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č’ḳʷən | a-bánka | ʕa-qə-j-ṭə́-d |
| def -boy | def -jar | cisl - loc -3 sg . m . erg -open- dcl |
| ‘The boy opened the jar.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | bankːa | daq.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | can | open. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | ptəx-la | banka |
| girl( f ) | open. pst - ls .3 f | can(?) |
| ‘The girl opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | banka | nɛti-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | jar | open( pfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend opened the jar’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | pataχ | paχit |
| p inχas | open[ pst .3 sg . m ] | can |
| ‘Pinchas opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Pətjə | banka-wa | nixə.li-xə-ni |
| pn | банка- obl | открывать. pfv - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя открыл банку.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | åpne-t | boks-en |
| pn | open- pst | can- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | otkry-l | bank-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | open( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | can( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | bank’a | ačɨχ | w-ɨɁɨ-r |
| pn - erg | pot( nom ) | open | 3-do. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul opened a can.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | äävi-i | puurk |
| pn . sg . nom | open- pst .3 sg | can. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete opened a can.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | odpr-l | bank-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | open: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | can- acc . sg |
| ‘Peter opened a can.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | öppna-de | en | burk |
| pn | open- pst | indf . c . sg | can |
| ‘Björn opened a can.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | şişe-yi | aç-tı |
| pn | bottle- acc | open- pst |
| ‘Mehmet opened the bottle.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| bukwar'-wə | ńī-rərə, | ti | nə̄-xə |
| abc _book- acc | open- cvb . nsim | so | put- pst |
| ‘[We] opened the ABC book and put it like this.’ | |||
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di | arχ.onn-ij | banka |
| pn - erg | open. pst - pf | tin[ inan 1][ nom ] |
| ‘Patimat opened the tin.’ | ||