‘need’
| Argument frame: |
X
(need)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(P.’s house was burglarised with all the valuables taken. As a consequence,)
P.
needs
money
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
нуждаться
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(нуждаться) в
Y
-е
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Дом П. ограбили и унесли все, что там было. Теперь)
П.
нуждается в
деньгах
/
П.
нужны
деньги
.
|
Abaza
[zə-]bža
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_BEN
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl |
aχč’á |
d-a-zə́-bža-b |
|
pn
|
money
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
n
.
io
-
ben
-need-
npst
.
dcl
|
| ‘Rasul needs money.’ |
Aghul
gerek-tːi + ‘be’
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s |
pul |
gerek-tːi |
a |
|
pn
-
dat
|
money
|
necessary-
adv
|
{
in
}be:
prs
|
| ‘Aslan needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+lazəm
|
Valency pattern:
ka_SBJ
|
| X: ka |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| ka |
ayya |
baxta |
+lazəm=ən |
zuzə |
|
to
|
dem
2.
f
|
woman(
f
)
|
necessary=3
pl
|
money(
pl
)
|
| ‘This woman needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. Non-verbal predicate. |
Brazilian Portuguese
precisar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
precis-a |
de |
dinheiro |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
need-3
sg
.
prs
|
of
|
money(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro needs money.’ |
Catalan
necessitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
necessit-a |
diner-s |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
need-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
money(
m
)-
pl
|
| ‘Pere needs money.’ |
Czech
potřebovat
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
potřebuje |
peníz-e |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
need(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
money(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘Petr needs money.’ |
Danish
have brug
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_for
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: for |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
ha-r |
brug |
for |
penge |
|
pn
|
have-
prs
|
need(
c
)
|
for
|
money(
c
).
pl
|
| ‘Peter needs money.’ |
Dutch
nodig hebben
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBJ |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
geld |
nodig |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
money(
n
)
|
necessary
|
| ‘Piet needs money.’ |
Estonian
vajama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
vaja-b |
raha |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
need-
prs
.3
sg
|
money.
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter needs money.’ |
Finnish
tarvita
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
tarvits-ee |
raha-a |
|
pn
.
nom
|
need-
prs
.3
sg
|
money-
part
|
| ‘Pekka needs money.’ |
| Note: The transitive pattern is also possible with this verb. |
Forest Enets
magu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
bɛse |
maguɔ |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
iron
|
be_in_need(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend needs money’. |
German
brauchen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
brauch-t |
Geld |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
need-
prs
.
sg
|
money[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl needs money.’ |
Italian
servire
|
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
| X: a |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| a |
Leo |
serv-ono |
sold-i |
|
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
need-3
pl
.
prs
|
money-
pl
.
m
|
| ‘Leo needs money.’ |
Kazakh
kerek
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petya-ɣa |
aqša |
kerek |
|
pn
-
dat
|
money
|
be_necessary
|
| ‘Petya needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kazym Khanty
mɔsti
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| pet’a-j-en-a |
wǒχ |
mɔs-ǝλ |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
-
dat
|
money
|
be_necessary-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja needs money.’ |
Latin
egeo
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| mancipi-is |
locuples |
ege-t |
aer-is |
Cappadoc-um |
rex |
|
slave(
n
)-
abl
.
pl
|
rich[
nom
.
sg
]
|
need[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
money-
gen
.
sg
|
c
appadocian(
m
)-
gen
.
pl
|
king(
m
).
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘The king of the Cappadocians is rich in slaves, but lacks money.’ |
| Note: (Hor. Epist. I, 6, 39) |
Modern Hebrew
tsariχ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
tsariχ |
kesef |
|
pn
|
need[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
money
|
| ‘Pinchas needs money.’ |
Nanai
gələ-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| əsi |
Petia |
ǯexa-wa |
gələ-j-ni |
|
now
|
pn
|
money-
obl
|
ask-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia needs money.’ |
Nivkh
cʰiŋrd
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Kaskazik |
cʰχa-ɣir̥ |
cʰiŋr-d |
|
pn
|
money-
ins
|
suffer-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik is suffering about the money.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å trenge
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| nå |
trenge-r |
Per |
peng-er |
|
now
|
need-
prs
|
pn
|
money-
pl
|
| ‘Now Per needs money.’ |
Polish
potrzebować
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Ann-a |
potrzebuje |
pieniędz-y |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
need:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
money-
gen
.
pl
|
| ‘Mummy needs money.’ |
Russian
nužen + COP
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Pet-e |
nužn-y |
denʹg-i |
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
necessary-
pred
.
pl
|
money-
nom
.
pl
|
| ‘Petja needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Rutul
hɨgara
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s |
zar |
hɨga-r=a |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
money(
nom
)
|
4.want.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul needs money.’ |
Serbian
potreban
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-u |
je |
potreban |
novac |
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
необходим.
adj
.
nom
.
sg
|
деньги.
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Петару нужны деньги.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate |
Shughni
darkor vidow
|
Valency pattern:
LAT_NOM
|
| X: LAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Azim-ard |
pūl |
darkor |
|
pn
-
lat
|
money
|
needed
|
| ‘Azim needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami
taarbšed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
taarbaš |
tieʹǧǧ-id |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
need.
prs
.3
sg
|
money-
pl
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete needs money.’ |
Slovenian
potrebovati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a |
potrebuje |
denar |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
need:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
money[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Ana needs money.’ |
Spanish
necesitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
necesit-a |
dinero |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
need-
prs
.3
sg
|
money[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro needs money.’ |
Swedish
att behöva
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
behöv-er |
pengar |
|
pn
|
need-
prs
|
money.
pl
|
| ‘Björn needs money.’ |
Turkish
ihtiyaç olmak
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_DAT
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: XY |
| Mehmed-in |
para-ya |
ihtiyac-ı |
var |
|
pn
-
gen
|
money-
dat
|
need-
p
.3
|
there_is
|
| ‘Mehmet needs money.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Ulcha
gələu-
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ACC
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: XY |
| əsi |
nanduti |
ǯaxa |
gələ-u-ŋ=guni |
|
now
|
they.
dat
|
money
|
search-
imps
-?=
ptcl
|
| ‘Now they need money.’ |
| Note: This is an impersonal construction. |
Zilo Andi
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ali-ɬu |
orsi |
qχ’oroqχ’.o-j |
|
pn
-
dat
|
money
|
want.
pst
-
pf
|
| ‘Ali wants/needs money.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
