BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘mix’

Argument frame: X (get mixed) with Y
Stimulus sentence: (Some honey was put in a jar of milk and stirred.) The honey got mixed with the milk .
Predicate label Ru: смешаться
Argument frame Ru: X (смешаться) с Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: (В сосуд с молоком положили мед и размешали). Мед смешался с молоком .

Abaza [la-]l

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCla
X: ABS
Y: LOCla
Locus: Y
á-cχa á-χš j-a-lá-l-d
def -honey def -milk 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . n . io - loc -enter( aor )- dcl
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) xe-ḳʷeč̣ʼe

Valency pattern: ABS_LOC.AMONG
X: ABS
Y: LOC.AMONG
Locus: Y
ŝʷewə-r šʼe-m xe-ḳʷeč̣ʼa-ʁ
honey- abs milk- obl loc : among -mix- pst
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Aghul uc’.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_INTER
X: ABS
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
ütː uc’.u-ne nekː.di-ʕ
honey melt. pf - aor milk- inter
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’ (lit. ‘The honey dissolved in the milk.’)

Alik Kryz çixran xhiy-ic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUB
X: NOM
Y: SUB
Locus: Y
yit' yux-a-k çixran xhiy-ic
honey milk( f )- obl - sub confused be. pf - aor . n
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Archi

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
imcʼ neˁʟʼə-ɬːu ɬːoχˁuli
honey milk. obl - com 4.mix. pfv - cvb . evid
‘Мед смешался с молоком.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +xavəṭ

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
duyša +xvəṭ-lə bi +xalva
honey( m ) mix. pst - ls .3 m with milk( m )
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’
Note: Some speakers use preposition am.

Azerbaijani qarışmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
bal süd-ǝ qarış-dı
honey milk- dat / lat mix( itr )- pst (3)
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Bambara ɲágami

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
fúraji` ɲágami-na jí` lá
medicine_water\ art mix.up- pfv . intr water\ art in
‘The liquid medicine mixed up with water.’

Brazilian Portuguese misturar-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
o mel se mistur-a com o leite
def . m honey( m ) refl mix-3 sg . prs with def . m milk( f )
‘The honey is mixing with the milk.’

Catalan barrejar

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb
X: SBJ
Y: amb
Locus: Y
va barrej-ar la llet amb la mel
go.3 sg . prs . ind mix- inf def . sg . f milk( f ) with def . sg . f honey( f )
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Czech rozpustit se

Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC
X: NOM
Y: vLOC
Locus: Y
med se rozpusti-l v mlék-u
honey( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] in milk( n )- loc . sg
‘The honey melted in the milk.’

Danish blive blandet

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Honning-en blev blande-t med mælk-en
honey( c )- def . sg become. pst mix- ptcp with milk( c )- def . sg
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

Dutch gemengd zijn

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
honing is (binnen één uur) ge-meng-d met melk
honey( c ) cop (in one hour) ptcp -get.mixed- ptcp with milk( c )
‘Honey got mixed with milk (in one hour).’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

Eastern Maninka bàsan

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Ná` ní kínin` bára bàsan.
sauce\ art and rice\ art prf mix
‘The sauce and the rice have mixed up.’
Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP.

English get mixed

Valency pattern: SBJ_with
X: SBJ
Y: with
Locus: Y
The honey got mixed with the milk.
Note: Get-passive.

Estonian segunema

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
mesi segune-s piima-ga
honey get_mixed- pst .3 sg milk- com
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Finnish sekoittua

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
hunaja sekoittu-i maito-on
honey. nom mix- pst .3 sg milk- ill
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French se melanger

Valency pattern: SBJ_avec
X: SBJ
Y: avec
Locus: Y
le miel s’ est mélangé avec le lait
def . sg . m honey( m ) refl be. prs .3 sg mix. pst . ptcp . m with def . sg . m milk( m )
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Georgian še-Ø-e-rev-a (FUT)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
tapl-i rʒe-s še-Ø-e-ri-a
honey- nom milk- dat prv :inward- io 3- ver : r -blend- s 3 sg . pst
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

German sich mischen

Valency pattern: NOM_mitDAT
X: NOM
Y: mitDAT
Locus: Y
der Honig vermisch-te sich mit der Milch
def . m . nom . sg honey[ nom . sg ] mix- pst .3 sg refl with def . f . dat . sg milk[ dat . sg ]
‘Honey got mixed with milk.’

Icari Dargwa гъудур-гьа=AGR=ич-иб

Valency pattern: ABS_ILL.COM
X: ABS
Y: ILL.COM
Locus: Y
waza nejg-il-cːi-lli ʁudur-ha=b=ič-ib
honey- abs milk- obl - ill - com mix- up = n = lv : pf - aor
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Irish measc

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Do=measc-adh an mhíl leis an mbainne.
pst =mix- pst . pass def honey with def milk
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Italian fondersi

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
il miel-e si è fus-o con il latt-e
def . sg . m honey- sg . m refl aux .3 sg . prs mix. pst . ptcp - sg . m with def . sg . m milk- sg . m
‘The honey is mixing with the milk.’

Kalderash Romani amisavel

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
o mʼod-o amis-ajl-o le thud-esa
art . m . dir . sg honey- nom . sg mix- pst -3 sg . m art . m . obl . sg milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Kazakh aralas

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Bal süt-pen arala-s-ïp ket-tі
honey milk- ins mix- rec - cvb leave- pst 1.3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Kazym Khanty rǔwǝtti

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
maw ԑsǝm jiŋ(k)-ǝn rŭwtǝs-ǝs
sweet udder water- loc mix- pst [3 sg ]
‘A sweet dissolved into milk.’

Khwarshi šič'a

Valency pattern: ABS_INTER
X: ABS
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
nuc'a šič-ča lało-ł
honey( iv ) mix- pst . w butter( iv ). o - inter
‘The honey got mixed with the butter.’

Kina Rutul kitχɨr

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
it=na nek k-i<t>χɨ-r
honey= add milk pv -<3>mix. pfv - cvb
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’
Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP.

Kumyk bulʁanmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMbulan
X: NOM
Y: NOMbulan
Locus: Y
bal süt bulan bulʁa-n-ʁan
honey milk with mix( tr )- refl - pf
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Latin misceo + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
cum liquid-o mixt-a perfud-it (loqu-ent-em) div-a polent-a
with liquid( n )- abl . sg mix. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . sg . f pour[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg speak- prs . ptcp . act - acc . sg goddess( f )- nom . sg barley( f )- abl . sg
‘The Goddess poured him with barley mixed with liquid, while he was talking.’
Note: (Ov. Met. V, 454)

Laz o-nt'al-u

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
top(l)-i mža-s Ø-a-nt'al-u.
honey- nom milk- dat io 3- ver : r -mix- s 3 sg . pst
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Mandarin Chinese hùn zài yīqǐ

Valency pattern: SBJ_he
X: SBJ
Y: he
Locus: Y
fēngmì hé niúnǎi hùn zài yīqǐ le
honey with milk mix at together pfv
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Mano bɔ́nɔ́

Valency pattern: NOM_ka
X: NOM
Y: ka
Locus: Y
ɓòō yíí ē bɔ́nɔ́ ɓū ká
sauce water 3 sg . pst mix.up rice with
‘The sauce got mixed up with the rice.’

Mingrelian miš-Ø-e-c’q’or-un-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
topur-k bža-s ki-mš-Ø-e-c’q’or-u
honey- erg milk- dat aff - prv - io 3- ver : s -mix- s 3 sg . pst
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Modern Hebrew hitarbev

Valency pattern: SBJ_im
X: SBJ
Y: im
Locus: Y
ha dvaʃ hitarbev im ha χalav
def honey get.mixed[ pst .3 sg . m ] with def milk
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Mukhad Rutul kidχın

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
it naˤk-ıdı-xvan kidχı-ri
honey milk- obl - com n .mix. pf - aor
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Nanai kamorip-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
keakso moloko-ǯi kamori-k-pi-ni
honey milk- ins mix- pass - pst - p .3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’
Note: Metathesis of [p] and [k] on morpheme boundary is a regular phenomenon.

Nivkh vəlkd

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
alr̥ cʰо-ɣir̥ vəlk-d
berry fish- ins mix- ind
‘(She) mixed the berries with the fish.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Northern Mansi tēlijtas

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMjot
X: NOM
Y: NOMjot
Locus: Y
sākkar tēlijt-as ɕaj jot
sugar mix- pst [3 sg ] tea com
‘Sugar mixed with the tea.’

Northern Yukaghir nˈidūl kurčī=

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
lаwjǝ īsī-nˈǝŋ nˈi-dūl kurči-č
water milk- com recp -contents become- intr .3 sg
‘The water got mixed with milk.’

Norwegian Bokmål å blande seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
honning-en blande-t seg med melk-en
honey- def . m . sg mix- pst refl with milk- def . m . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Polish zmieszać się

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
miód zmiesza-ł się z mlek-iem
honey[ nom . sg ] mix: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] refl with milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Russian smešatʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
med smeša-l-sja s molok-om
honey( m )[ nom . sg ] mix( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with milk( n )- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Serbian sjediniti se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
med se sjedini-o s mlek-om
honey. nom . sg refl mix- part . perf . m . sg with milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Shughni alalaš sitow

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Asal x̌uvd=qati alalaš sut
honey milk= ins mix go. m . pst
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Skolt Saami seäkkned

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
miõtt seäkkn-i mieʹlǩ-in
honey. sg . nom get.mixed- pst .3 sg milk- sg . com
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Slovak zmiešať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Med sa zmieša-l s mliek-om
honey( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] with milk( n )- ins . sg
‘The honey melted in the milk.’

Slovenian zmešati se

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
med se je zmeša-l z mlek-om
honey[ nom . sg ] rfl aux .3 sg mix: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] with milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Sorani Kurdish têkeɫ bûn

Valency pattern: SBJ_legel
X: SBJ
Y: legel
Locus: Y
hengiwîn-eke legeɫ shîr-eke-î têkeɫ bû-Ø
honey- def with milk- def - obl mix be. pst -3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Southern Rutul kidıxın

Valency pattern: NOM_xhvan
X: NOM
Y: xhvan
Locus: Y
it naˤk-ıˤ-xhvan kidıxı-r
honey milk- obl -with n .mix. pf - indic
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Spanish mezclarse

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
la miel se ha mezcla-do con la leche
art . def . sg . f honey[ sg . f ] refl .3 sg aux .3 sg mix- ptcp : prf with art . def . sg . f milk[ sg . f ]
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Svan

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
twil-Ø lǝǯe-s lä-x-načt-äːn
honey- nom milk- dat prv : slightly - io 3-mix- pst
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Swedish att blandas

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
honung-en blanda-de-s med mjölk
honey- def . c . sg mix- pst - pass with milk
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
H<um>alo ang pulot sa gatas
< av > pfv .mix subj honey dat milk
‘The honey got accidentally mixed with the milk.’
Note: Alternative is a symmetrical construction where X and Y are expressed in a conjoined NP: “Nag-halo ang pulot at gatas” [AV.PFV-mix SUBJ honey CONJ milk] ‘The honey got mixed with the milk’.

Telugu kaliyu

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
tēne pāla-tō kalisiṁdi
honey( n ). sg . nom milk. pl . obl - com unite. pst .3 sg . nm
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Tsugni Dargwa b-arχa b-iχʷ-i / b-irχʷ-i

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER.ESS
X: NOM
Y: INTER.ESS
Locus: Y
waza nig-li-cːe-b b-arχa b-iχ-ub
honey milk- obl - inter - n ( ess ) n -mix n -be. pfv - pret (3)
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turkish karışmak

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
süt bal-la karış-tı
milk honey- com mix- pst
‘The milk got mixed with the honey.’

Ulcha solip-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
moloko mū-ǯi soli-k-pi-ni
milk water- ins mix- decaus - pst -3 sg
‘The milk got mixed with water.’

Uzbek aralašib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
asal sut bilan aralaš-ib ket-ti
honey milk with mix- cvb go_away- pst .3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

West Central Oromo wal maka

Valency pattern: NOM_ABSwaddzin
X: NOM
Y: ABSwaddzin
Locus: Y
damm-ttʃ-i aannan waddʒin wal mak-e
honey- def - nom milk. abs with each_other mix-3 sg . m . pfv
‘The honey got mixed with the milk.’

Zilo Andi a<r>ʒ.a-j

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
hunts’ːi ʃiw̃=lojɡu itɬu a<r>ʒ.a-j
honey[ inan 2][ nom ] milk= com all mix< inan 2>. pst - pf
‘The honey has blended with the milk.’