‘miss’
| Argument frame: |
X
(miss)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
misses
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
скучать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(скучать) по
Y
-у
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
скучает по
М
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-gʷalaŝa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| murád |
j-aχš’á |
d-ʕá-j-gʷalaŝ-əj-d |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-sister
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-miss-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘Murad misses his sister.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
fe-zešʼə
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_BEN
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| wə-qə-s-fe-mə-zešʼ |
|
2
sg
.
abs
-
csl
-1
sg
.
io
-
ben
-
neg
-miss
|
| ‘Don’t miss me!’ |
Aghul
dariχ x.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST.LAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: POST.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
dariχ |
x.u-naa |
baw.a-q-tːi |
|
pn
|
miss
|
become.
pf
-
prf
|
mother-
post
-
lat
|
| ‘Aslan misses his mother.’ |
Alik Kryz
darixmiş xhiy-ic
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| terlan |
leyla-z |
darixmiş |
şe-re |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
be_bored
|
be.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Terlan misses Leyla.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Archi
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DATxir
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DATxir |
| Locus: Y |
| paša |
marin-ni-s |
χir |
bazar-ši |
w-i |
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
behind
|
be.missing-
cvb
.
ipfv
|
1-be
|
| ‘Паша скучает по Марине.’ |
| Note: The NP in the dative case cannot be separated from the “χir” element. For this reason, the combination of the dative case and “χir” is considered as an argument encoding device here. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
maxnə
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bar
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bar |
| Locus: Y |
| urza |
maxnuy=əl |
+bar |
baxt-u |
|
man(
m
)
|
miss.
prog
=3
m
|
after
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘This man misses his wife.’ |
Azerbaijani
darıxmaq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ucun
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ucun |
| Locus: Y |
| Aslan |
Leyla |
üçün |
darıx-ır |
|
pn
|
pn
|
for
|
yearn-
ipf
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan misses Leyla.’ |
Bambara
ɲɛ́nafin` bɛ́/tɛ́
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ń |
mùso` |
ɲɛ́nafin` |
bɛ́ |
ń |
lá |
|
1
sg
|
woman\
art
|
sadness\
art
|
be
|
1
sg
|
in
|
| ‘I miss my wife.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate. |
Brazilian Portuguese
sentir falta
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
sent-e |
falta |
de |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
feel-3
sg
.
prs
|
lack(
f
)
|
of
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
Catalan
trobar a faltar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
trob-a |
a |
falt-ar |
la |
Maria |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
find-3
sg
.
prs
|
to
|
be_missing-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere misses Maria.’ |
Czech
stýskat se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_poLOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: poLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
se |
stýská |
po |
Michal-ovi |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
miss(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
after
|
pn
(
m
)-
loc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr misses Michal.’ |
Danish
savner
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
savne-r |
Marie |
|
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter misses Marie.’ |
Dutch
missen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
mis-t |
Marie |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
miss-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
| ‘Piet misses Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
be
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Sékù |
lɔ́ɔ` |
yé |
à |
ná |
lá. |
|
pn
|
desire\
art
|
be
|
3
sg
|
mother
|
at
|
| ‘Seku misses his mother.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predication. |
English
miss
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
Estonian
igatsema
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
igatse-b |
Mareti-t |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
miss-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter misses Maret.’ |
Finnish
ikävä + COP
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peka-lla |
on |
ikävä |
Matti-a |
|
pn
-
ade
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
sad.
nom
|
pn
-
part
|
| ‘Pekka misses Matti’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
s’ennuyer
|
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
| X: a |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| Marie |
manque |
à |
Paul |
|
pn
(
f
)
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Paul misses Marie.’ |
Georgian
Ø-e-nat'r-eb-a (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| p'et're-s |
mašo-Ø |
Ø-e-nat'r-eb-a |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-wish-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
| ‘Petre misses Masho.’ |
German
sich sehnen
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_nachDAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: nachDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
sehn-t |
sich |
nach |
Marie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
long-
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
after
|
pn
[
dat
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl misses Marie.’ |
Icari Dargwa
AGR=ет1-иб-ца=AGR
|
Valency pattern:
SUPLAT_POST.ELAT
|
| X: SUPLAT |
| Y: POST.ELAT |
| Locus: XY |
| Islam-lij |
Madina-leh-er |
b=et'-ib-ca=b |
|
pn
-
suplat
|
pn
-
post
-
elat
|
n
=miss:
pf
-
aor
-
cop
=
n
|
| ‘Islam misses Madina.’ |
Irish
braith ó
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Braith-ean |
Pól |
uaid |
Máire. |
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
from.3
sg
.
m
|
pn
|
| ‘Pól misses Máire.’ |
| Note: uaid is not a device for flagging Y. |
Italian
mancare
|
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
| X: a |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| a |
Leo |
manc-a |
Maria |
|
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
lack-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo misses Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
lel doro
|
Valency pattern:
ACC_pa
|
| X: ACC |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: XY |
| le |
Murš-as |
l-el |
doro |
pa |
Marijk-a |
|
art
.
m
.
obl
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
take-
prs
-3
sg
|
sadness
|
with
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša misses Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
saɣïn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
Maša-nï |
saɣïn-ïp |
žür |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
cvb
|
go.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya misses Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
mǎrԑmǝti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMtakla
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMtakla |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-ǝλ |
takλa |
mǎrԑmǝ-s-i |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
without
|
miss-
pst
-
pass
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
| Note: The verb is in the passive form. |
Khwarshi
lok’ʷaƛ'oho liχʷa
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| di-l |
lok’ʷa-ƛ'o-ho |
liχ-na |
uža |
|
1
sg
.
o
-
dat
|
heart(
iv
)-
super
-?
ad
|
go-
pst
.
i
|
son
|
| ‘I miss my son.’ |
| Note: The agreement behaviour of “liχ-na” is not clear. |
Kina Rutul
c’iɣal jišira
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUB
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: SUB |
| Locus: XY |
| rasul-u-s |
madinat-ɨ-χda |
c’iɣal |
jiši-r=a |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
-
obl
-
sub
|
longing(
nom
)
|
4.become.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul misses Madinat.’ |
Kumyk
saʁɨnmaq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
patimat-qa |
saʁɨn-d-ɨ |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
miss-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Rasul misses Patimat.’ |
Latin
desidero
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| fort-ius |
e |
mult-is |
mater |
desidera-t |
un-um |
|
strong-
cmpr
|
from
|
many-
abl
.
pl
|
mother(
f
).
nom
.
sg
|
miss[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
one-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
| ‘A mother missed one of many the most.’ |
| Note: (Ov. Rem. Am. 463) |
Laz
o-nč'el-u
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Käzim-i-s |
Fatma-Ø |
g-a-Ø-nč'el-u. |
|
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
prv
-
ver
:
sup
-
io
3-hug-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Käzim came to miss Fatma.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
xiǎngniàn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
xiǎngniàn |
Lǐsì |
|
pn
|
miss
|
pn
|
| ‘Zhangsan misses Lisi.’ |
Mano
lɔ̀ kṵ́
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ī |
lɔ̀ |
lɛ̄ |
ŋ̄ |
kṵ́-pɛ̀lɛ̀ |
|
2
sg
|
love
|
3
sg
.
exi
|
1
sg
|
catch-
inf
|
| ‘I miss you.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-nart'-u(n)-Ø (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| čelo-s |
anučia-Ø |
Ø-o-nart'-u(n)-Ø |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-miss-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
| ‘Chelo misses Anuchia.’ |
| Note: This verb phrase is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
mitgagea
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
mitgagea |
le |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
miss[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas misses Menachem.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
c'ijal hıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_APUD
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: APUD |
| Locus: XY |
| murad-ı-s |
majram-ı-χda |
c'ijal |
jiʔi |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
-
obl
-
apud
|
bore
|
n
.
cop
|
| ‘Murad misses Majram.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Nanai
ǯoŋgo-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
Maša-wa |
ǯoŋ-go-j-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
mention-
rep
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia misses Masha.’ |
Nivkh
ŋawzоr̥kt
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
Ajsana-rоχ |
ŋawzоr̥k-t |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
add
|
miss-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik misses Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
īligi=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ |
īligi-m-lǝ |
|
pn
|
pn
|
yearn-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien misses Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å savne
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
savne-r |
Kari |
|
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Per misses Kari.’ |
Polish
tęsknić
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zaINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Marek |
tęskni |
za |
Magd-ą |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
miss:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Marek misses Magda.’ |
Russian
skučatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_poDAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: poDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
skuča-et |
po |
Maš-e |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
miss(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
by
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
Serbian
nedostajati
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-u |
nedostaje |
Marij-a |
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar misses Maria.’ |
Shughni
dargil sitow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim |
Lola-ti |
dargīl |
suδǰ |
|
pn
|
pn
-
sup
|
sad
|
go.
m
.
pf
|
| ‘Azim misses Lola.’ |
Skolt Saami
âʹǩǩõõššâd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
âʹǩǩââžž |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete misses Maria’ |
Slovak
chýbať
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-ovi |
chýba |
Mári-a |
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
miss(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter misses Maria.’ |
Slovenian
tožiti se
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_poLOC
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: poLOC |
| Locus: XY |
| Petr-u |
se |
toži |
po |
An-i |
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
rfl
|
miss:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
by
|
pn
-
loc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter misses Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
tase kiridin
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Mensour |
tase-î |
Marie-î |
de-k-a |
|
pn
|
missing-
izf
|
pn
-
obl
|
ind
-do.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Mansour misses Marie.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Southern Rutul
isala hıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
ATTR_APUD
|
| X: ATTR |
| Y: APUD |
| Locus: XY |
| murad-ıd |
ayten-i-xda |
yik' |
isala |
haʔa-r |
|
pn
-
attr
|
pn
-
obl
-
apud
|
heart
|
bored
|
n
.do.
ipf
-
indic
|
| ‘Murad misses Ayten.’ |
Spanish
echar de menos
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
ech-a |
de |
menos |
a |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
throw-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
less
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
Svan
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_BEN
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: XY |
| maizer-s |
lile-šd |
x-a-c'wdun-i |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
ben
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-miss-
prs
|
| ‘Maizer misses Lile.’ |
| Note: Nominative lile-Ø is also possible. |
Swedish
att sakna
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
sakna-r |
Maja |
|
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn misses Maja.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
UND_LOC
|
| X: UND |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Na-ngu~ngulila |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Maria |
|
statpv
.
ipfv
~miss
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
|
pn
|
| ‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
| Note: Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? |
Telugu
mis agu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pravīṇ |
madhuri-ni |
mis |
avutunnāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
f
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
miss
|
become.
dur
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen misses Madhuri.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Turkish
özlemek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
Filiz-i |
özlö-yor |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet misses Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
ǯonǯi-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əktə |
piktə |
mə̄n |
ən-bi |
ǯonǯ-i-ni |
|
female
|
child
|
self
|
mother-
refl
.
sg
|
miss-
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘The girl misses her mother.’ |
Uzbek
soɣinmoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
Maša-ni |
soɣin-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
jaada
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
boontuu |
jaad-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
miss-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
| ‘Obsa misses Bontu.’ |
Zilo Andi
haluχ.onn-ij
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INST
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INST |
| Locus: Y |
| marjam |
haluχ.onn-ij |
pat’imati-qχi |
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
miss.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
inst
|
| ‘Mariam misses Patimat.’ |
