‘miss’
Argument frame: |
X
(miss)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
misses
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
скучать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(скучать) по
Y
-у
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
скучает по
М
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-gʷalaŝa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
murád |
j-aχš’á |
d-ʕá-j-gʷalaŝ-əj-d |
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-sister
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-miss-
prs
-
dcl
|
‘Murad misses his sister.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
fe-zešʼə
Valency pattern:
ABS_BEN
|
X: ABS |
Y: BEN |
Locus: Y |
wə-qə-s-fe-mə-zešʼ |
2
sg
.
abs
-
csl
-1
sg
.
io
-
ben
-
neg
-miss
|
‘Don’t miss me!’ |
Aghul
dariχ x.u-
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST.LAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: POST.LAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
dariχ |
x.u-naa |
baw.a-q-tːi |
pn
|
miss
|
become.
pf
-
prf
|
mother-
post
-
lat
|
‘Aslan misses his mother.’ |
Alik Kryz
darixmiş xhiy-ic
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
terlan |
leyla-z |
darixmiş |
şe-re |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
be_bored
|
be.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Terlan misses Leyla.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Archi
Valency pattern:
NOM_DATxir
|
X: NOM |
Y: DATxir |
Locus: Y |
paša |
marin-ni-s |
χir |
bazar-ši |
w-i |
pn
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
behind
|
be.missing-
cvb
.
ipfv
|
1-be
|
‘Паша скучает по Марине.’ |
Note: The NP in the dative case cannot be separated from the “χir” element. For this reason, the combination of the dative case and “χir” is considered as an argument encoding device here. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
maxnə
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bar
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bar |
Locus: Y |
urza |
maxnuy=əl |
+bar |
baxt-u |
man(
m
)
|
miss.
prog
=3
m
|
after
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘This man misses his wife.’ |
Azerbaijani
darıxmaq
Valency pattern:
NOM_ucun
|
X: NOM |
Y: ucun |
Locus: Y |
Aslan |
Leyla |
üçün |
darıx-ır |
pn
|
pn
|
for
|
yearn-
ipf
(3)
|
‘Aslan misses Leyla.’ |
Bambara
ɲɛ́nafin` bɛ́/tɛ́
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ń |
mùso` |
ɲɛ́nafin` |
bɛ́ |
ń |
lá |
1
sg
|
woman\
art
|
sadness\
art
|
be
|
1
sg
|
in
|
‘I miss my wife.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate. |
Brazilian Portuguese
sentir falta
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
sent-e |
falta |
de |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
feel-3
sg
.
prs
|
lack(
f
)
|
of
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
Catalan
trobar a faltar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
trob-a |
a |
falt-ar |
la |
Maria |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
find-3
sg
.
prs
|
to
|
be_missing-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pere misses Maria.’ |
Czech
stýskat se
Valency pattern:
NOM_poLOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: poLOC |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
se |
stýská |
po |
Michal-ovi |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
miss(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
after
|
pn
(
m
)-
loc
.
sg
|
‘Petr misses Michal.’ |
Danish
savner
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
savne-r |
Marie |
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Peter misses Marie.’ |
Dutch
missen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
mis-t |
Marie |
pn
(
c
)
|
miss-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
‘Piet misses Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
be
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Sékù |
lɔ́ɔ` |
yé |
à |
ná |
lá. |
pn
|
desire\
art
|
be
|
3
sg
|
mother
|
at
|
‘Seku misses his mother.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predication. |
English
miss
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Estonian
igatsema
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
igatse-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
miss-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter misses Maret.’ |
Finnish
ikävä + COP
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peka-lla |
on |
ikävä |
Matti-a |
pn
-
ade
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
sad.
nom
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka misses Matti’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
s’ennuyer
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
X: a |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
Marie |
manque |
à |
Paul |
pn
(
f
)
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Paul misses Marie.’ |
Georgian
Ø-e-nat'r-eb-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
mašo-Ø |
Ø-e-nat'r-eb-a |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-wish-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Petre misses Masho.’ |
German
sich sehnen
Valency pattern:
NOM_nachDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: nachDAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
sehn-t |
sich |
nach |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
long-
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
after
|
pn
[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl misses Marie.’ |
Icari Dargwa
AGR=ет1-иб-ца=AGR
Valency pattern:
SUPLAT_POST.ELAT
|
X: SUPLAT |
Y: POST.ELAT |
Locus: XY |
Islam-lij |
Madina-leh-er |
b=et'-ib-ca=b |
pn
-
suplat
|
pn
-
post
-
elat
|
n
=miss:
pf
-
aor
-
cop
=
n
|
‘Islam misses Madina.’ |
Irish
braith ó
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Braith-ean |
Pól |
uaid |
Máire. |
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
from.3
sg
.
m
|
pn
|
‘Pól misses Máire.’ |
Note: uaid is not a device for flagging Y. |
Italian
mancare
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
X: a |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
Leo |
manc-a |
Maria |
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
lack-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo misses Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
lel doro
Valency pattern:
ACC_pa
|
X: ACC |
Y: pa |
Locus: XY |
le |
Murš-as |
l-el |
doro |
pa |
Marijk-a |
art
.
m
.
obl
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
take-
prs
-3
sg
|
sadness
|
with
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Murša misses Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
saɣïn
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
saɣïn-ïp |
žür |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
cvb
|
go.3
sg
|
‘Petya misses Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
mǎrԑmǝti
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMtakla
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOMtakla |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-ǝλ |
takλa |
mǎrԑmǝ-s-i |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
without
|
miss-
pst
-
pass
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
Note: The verb is in the passive form. |
Khwarshi
lok’ʷaƛ'oho liχʷa
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
di-l |
lok’ʷa-ƛ'o-ho |
liχ-na |
uža |
1
sg
.
o
-
dat
|
heart(
iv
)-
super
-?
ad
|
go-
pst
.
i
|
son
|
‘I miss my son.’ |
Note: The agreement behaviour of “liχ-na” is not clear. |
Kina Rutul
c’iɣal jišira
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUB
|
X: DAT |
Y: SUB |
Locus: XY |
rasul-u-s |
madinat-ɨ-χda |
c’iɣal |
jiši-r=a |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
-
obl
-
sub
|
longing(
nom
)
|
4.become.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Rasul misses Madinat.’ |
Kumyk
saʁɨnmaq
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
patimat-qa |
saʁɨn-d-ɨ |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
miss-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Rasul misses Patimat.’ |
Latin
desidero
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
fort-ius |
e |
mult-is |
mater |
desidera-t |
un-um |
strong-
cmpr
|
from
|
many-
abl
.
pl
|
mother(
f
).
nom
.
sg
|
miss[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
one-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
‘A mother missed one of many the most.’ |
Note: (Ov. Rem. Am. 463) |
Laz
o-nč'el-u
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Käzim-i-s |
Fatma-Ø |
g-a-Ø-nč'el-u. |
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
prv
-
ver
:
sup
-
io
3-hug-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Käzim came to miss Fatma.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
xiǎngniàn
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
xiǎngniàn |
Lǐsì |
pn
|
miss
|
pn
|
‘Zhangsan misses Lisi.’ |
Mano
lɔ̀ kṵ́
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ī |
lɔ̀ |
lɛ̄ |
ŋ̄ |
kṵ́-pɛ̀lɛ̀ |
2
sg
|
love
|
3
sg
.
exi
|
1
sg
|
catch-
inf
|
‘I miss you.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-nart'-u(n)-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
anučia-Ø |
Ø-o-nart'-u(n)-Ø |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-miss-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo misses Anuchia.’ |
Note: This verb phrase is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
mitgagea
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
mitgagea |
le |
Menaχem |
pn
|
miss[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas misses Menachem.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
c'ijal hıʔın
Valency pattern:
DAT_APUD
|
X: DAT |
Y: APUD |
Locus: XY |
murad-ı-s |
majram-ı-χda |
c'ijal |
jiʔi |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
-
obl
-
apud
|
bore
|
n
.
cop
|
‘Murad misses Majram.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Nanai
ǯoŋgo-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
Maša-wa |
ǯoŋ-go-j-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
mention-
rep
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia misses Masha.’ |
Nivkh
ŋawzоr̥kt
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DAT/ADD |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana-rоχ |
ŋawzоr̥k-t |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
/
add
|
miss-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik misses Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
īligi=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ |
īligi-m-lǝ |
pn
|
pn
|
yearn-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
‘Semien misses Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å savne
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
savne-r |
Kari |
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Per misses Kari.’ |
Polish
tęsknić
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: zaINS |
Locus: Y |
Marek |
tęskni |
za |
Magd-ą |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
miss:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Marek misses Magda.’ |
Russian
skučatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_poDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: poDAT |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
skuča-et |
po |
Maš-e |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
miss(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
by
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
Serbian
nedostajati
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
nedostaje |
Marij-a |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Petar misses Maria.’ |
Shughni
dargil sitow
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUP |
Locus: Y |
Azim |
Lola-ti |
dargīl |
suδǰ |
pn
|
pn
-
sup
|
sad
|
go.
m
.
pf
|
‘Azim misses Lola.’ |
Skolt Saami
âʹǩǩõõššâd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
âʹǩǩââžž |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
miss.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete misses Maria’ |
Slovak
chýbať
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-ovi |
chýba |
Mári-a |
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
miss(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Peter misses Maria.’ |
Slovenian
tožiti se
Valency pattern:
DAT_poLOC
|
X: DAT |
Y: poLOC |
Locus: XY |
Petr-u |
se |
toži |
po |
An-i |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
rfl
|
miss:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
by
|
pn
-
loc
.
sg
|
‘Peter misses Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
tase kiridin
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Mensour |
tase-î |
Marie-î |
de-k-a |
pn
|
missing-
izf
|
pn
-
obl
|
ind
-do.
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Mansour misses Marie.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Southern Rutul
isala hıʔın
Valency pattern:
ATTR_APUD
|
X: ATTR |
Y: APUD |
Locus: XY |
murad-ıd |
ayten-i-xda |
yik' |
isala |
haʔa-r |
pn
-
attr
|
pn
-
obl
-
apud
|
heart
|
bored
|
n
.do.
ipf
-
indic
|
‘Murad misses Ayten.’ |
Spanish
echar de menos
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ech-a |
de |
menos |
a |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
throw-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
less
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
Svan
Valency pattern:
DAT_BEN
|
X: DAT |
Y: BEN |
Locus: XY |
maizer-s |
lile-šd |
x-a-c'wdun-i |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
ben
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-miss-
prs
|
‘Maizer misses Lile.’ |
Note: Nominative lile-Ø is also possible. |
Swedish
att sakna
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
sakna-r |
Maja |
pn
|
miss-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Björn misses Maja.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
UND_LOC
|
X: UND |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Na-ngu~ngulila |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Maria |
statpv
.
ipfv
~miss
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
|
pn
|
‘Pedro misses Maria.’ |
Note: Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? |
Telugu
mis agu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pravīṇ |
madhuri-ni |
mis |
avutunnāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
f
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
miss
|
become.
dur
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen misses Madhuri.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Turkish
özlemek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
Filiz-i |
özlö-yor |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
prs
|
‘Mehmet misses Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
ǯonǯi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
əktə |
piktə |
mə̄n |
ən-bi |
ǯonǯ-i-ni |
female
|
child
|
self
|
mother-
refl
.
sg
|
miss-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘The girl misses her mother.’ |
Uzbek
soɣinmoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-ni |
soɣin-di |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
miss-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja misses Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
jaada
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
boontuu |
jaad-a |
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
miss-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa misses Bontu.’ |
Zilo Andi
haluχ.onn-ij
Valency pattern:
NOM_INST
|
X: NOM |
Y: INST |
Locus: Y |
marjam |
haluχ.onn-ij |
pat’imati-qχi |
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
miss.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
inst
|
‘Mariam misses Patimat.’ |