‘melt’
| Argument frame: |
X
(melt)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
melted
a piece of lead
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
плавить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(плавить)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
расплавил
кусок свинца
.
|
Abaza
r.ĉa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-nχaʕʷə́ |
ájχa–čət-ḳ |
jə́-r-ĉa-d |
|
def
-worker
|
metal–piece-
indf
|
3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-
caus
-melt(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘The worker melted a piece of metal.’ |
Aghul
uc’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
qːurqːušum |
uc’.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
lead
|
melt.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan melted a piece of lead.’ |
| Note: Labile verb. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
mapšər
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| yala |
mupšər-rə |
prəzla |
|
boy(
m
)
|
melt(tr).
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
iron(
m
)
|
| ‘The boy melted the iron.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
derreteu |
um |
pedaço |
de |
chumbo |
|
| ‘Педру расплавил кусок свинца.’ |
Czech
roztavit
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
roztavi-l |
kousek |
olov-a |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
melt(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
piece(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
lead(
n
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr melted a piece of lead.’ |
Finnish
sulattaa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
sulatt-i |
metallipala-n |
|
pn
.
nom
|
melt-
pst
.3
sg
|
piece.of.metal-
gen
|
| ‘Pekka melted a piece of metal.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲuta
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
salba-da |
dʲuta |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
ice-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
heat(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend melted the ice’. |
Latin
liquefacio
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| patr-es |
congest-a-que |
flamm-a |
tur-a |
liquefaci-unt |
|
father(
m
)-
nom
.
pl
|
gather.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
abl
.
sg
.
f
-and
|
fire(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
tar(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
|
melt[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
| ‘And fathers melt the tars gathered on the flame.’ |
| Note: (Ov. Met. VII, 161) |
Modern Hebrew
hitiχ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
hitiχ |
pisa-t |
oferet |
|
pn
|
melt[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
piece-
cs
|
lead
|
| ‘Pinchas melted a piece of lead.’ |
Nanai
uumbuwən-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
toǯa |
pase-wa-n’ |
uu-mbuwəŋ-ki-ni |
|
pn
|
lead
|
piece-
obl
-
p
.3
sg
|
melt-
caus
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia melted a piece of lead.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å smelte
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
smelte-t |
en |
bit |
bly |
|
pn
|
melt-
pst
|
indf
.
m
.
sg
|
piece
|
lead
|
| ‘Per melted a piece of lead.’ |
Polish
roztopić
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Staszek |
roztopi-ł |
kawałek |
ołowi-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
melt:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
piece[
acc
.
sg
]
|
lead-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Staszek melted a piece of lead.’ |
Russian
rasplavitʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
rasplavi-l |
kusok |
svinc-a |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
melt(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
piece(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
lead(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’ |
Rutul
jic’a hɨɁɨraj
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a |
jic’-a |
hɨɁɨ-r=a-j |
tike |
ɢurʁušin-ad |
|
pn
-
erg
|
4.melt-
imp
|
4.do.
pfv
-
cvb
=be-
pst
|
piece(
nom
)
|
lead-
attr
|
| ‘Rasul melted a piece of lead.’ |
Skolt Saami
suddeed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
suddi-i |
lââʹjj-kuuʹsǩ |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
melt-
pst
.3
sg
|
lead-piece.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete melted a piece of lead.’ |
Slovenian
razstopiti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
je |
razstopi-l |
kos |
svinc-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
melt:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
piece[
acc
.
sg
]
|
lead-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter melted a piece of lead.’ |
Swedish
att smälta
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
smält-e |
en |
bit |
bly |
|
pn
|
melt-
pst
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
piece
|
lead
|
| ‘Björn melted a piece of lead.’ |
Turkish
eritmek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
buz-u |
erit-ti |
|
pn
|
ice-
acc
|
melt-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet melted the ice.’ |
Ulcha
umbuwən-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama |
ǯū-wə |
um-buwən-či-ni |
|
father
|
ice-
acc
|
melt-
caus
-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Father melted the ice.’ |
Zilo Andi
<b>-uts’-oɬ.i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di |
b-uts’-oɬ.i |
t’uʃi |
|
pn
-
erg
|
inan
1-melt-
caus
.
pst
(
aor
)
|
lead
|
| ‘Ali has melted some lead.’ |
