‘melt’
| Argument frame: | X (melt) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. melted a piece of lead . |
| Predicate label Ru: | плавить |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (плавить) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. расплавил кусок свинца . |
Abaza r.ĉa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-nχaʕʷə́ | ájχa–čət-ḳ | jə́-r-ĉa-d |
| def -worker | metal–piece- indf | 3 sg . m . erg - caus -melt( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The worker melted a piece of metal.’ | ||
Aghul uc’.u-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | qːurqːušum | uc’.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | lead | melt. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan melted a piece of lead.’ | ||
| Note: Labile verb. | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic mapšər
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| yala | mupšər-rə | prəzla |
| boy( m ) | melt(tr). pst - ls .3 m | iron( m ) |
| ‘The boy melted the iron.’ | ||
Brazilian Portuguese derreter
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | derret-eu | um | pedaço | de | chumbo |
| pn ( m ) | melt-3 sg . pst | indf | piece( m ) | of | lead( m ) |
| ‘Pedro melted a piece of lead.’ | |||||
Catalan desfer
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | desf-er | un | troç | de | plom |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | melt- inf | indf . sg . m | piece( m ) | of | lead( m ) |
| ‘Pere melted a piece of lead.’ | |||||||
Czech roztavit
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | roztavi-l | kousek | olov-a |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | piece( m )[ acc . sg ] | lead( n )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petr melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Danish smelte
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | smelte-de | et | stykke | bly |
| pn | melt- pst | indf . sg | piece( n ) | lead( c ). sg |
| ‘Peter melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Dutch smelten
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | een | stuk | lood | ge-smolt-en |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | art . indf | piece( n ) | lead( n ) | ptcp -melt- ptcp |
| ‘Piet melted a piece of lead.’ | |||||
Estonian sulatama
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | sulata-s | tüki | plii-d |
| pn . sg . nom | melt- pst .3 sg | piece. sg . gen | lead- sg . part |
| ‘Peeter melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Finnish sulattaa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | sulatt-i | metallipala-n |
| pn . nom | melt- pst .3 sg | piece.of.metal- gen |
| ‘Pekka melted a piece of metal.’ | ||
Forest Enets dʲuta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | salba-da | dʲuta |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | ice- obl . sg .3 sg | heat( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend melted the ice’. | |||
German schmelzen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | schmolz | ein | Stück | Blei |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | melt. pst .3 sg | indf [ n . acc . sg ] | piece[ acc . sg ] | lead[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Italian fondere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | fuso | un | pezz-o | di | piomb-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | melt. pst . ptcp | indf . sg . m | piece- sg . m | of | lead- sg . m |
| ‘Leo melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||||
Kazakh balqït
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | sviynets-tі | balqï-t-tï |
| pn | lead- acc | melt- caus - pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya melted a piece of lead.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty λǒλtti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | λǒλpi | λǒλt-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | lead | melt- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’ | ||
Latin liquefacio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| patr-es | congest-a-que | flamm-a | tur-a | liquefaci-unt |
| father( m )- nom . pl | gather. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . sg . f -and | fire( f )- abl . sg | tar( n )- acc . pl | melt[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl |
| ‘And fathers melt the tars gathered on the flame.’ | ||||
| Note: (Ov. Met. VII, 161) | ||||
Modern Hebrew hitiχ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | hitiχ | pisa-t | oferet |
| pn | melt[ pst .3 sg . m ] | piece- cs | lead |
| ‘Pinchas melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Nanai uumbuwən-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | toǯa | pase-wa-n’ | uu-mbuwəŋ-ki-ni |
| pn | lead | piece- obl - p .3 sg | melt- caus - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å smelte
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | smelte-t | en | bit | bly |
| pn | melt- pst | indf . m . sg | piece | lead |
| ‘Per melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Polish roztopić
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Staszek | roztopi-ł | kawałek | ołowi-u |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | melt: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | piece[ acc . sg ] | lead- gen . sg |
| ‘Staszek melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Russian rasplavitʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | rasplavi-l | kusok | svinc-a |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | piece( m )[ acc . sg ] | lead( m )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’ | |||
Rutul jic’a hɨɁɨraj
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | jic’-a | hɨɁɨ-r=a-j | tike | ɢurʁušin-ad |
| pn - erg | 4.melt- imp | 4.do. pfv - cvb =be- pst | piece( nom ) | lead- attr |
| ‘Rasul melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Serbian rastopio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | rastopi-o | komad | olov-a |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | расплавить- part . perf .М. sg | кусок- acc . sg | свинец- gen . sg . n |
| ‘Петар расплавил кусок свинца.’ | ||||
Shughni ob čīdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim=i | tillo | kande | ob | čūd |
| pn =3 sg | gold | piece | water | do. pst |
| ‘Azim melted a piece of gold.’ | ||||
Skolt Saami suddeed
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | suddi-i | lââʹjj-kuuʹsǩ |
| pn . sg . nom | melt- pst .3 sg | lead-piece. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete melted a piece of lead.’ | ||
Slovenian razstopiti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | razstopi-l | kos | svinc-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | melt: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | piece[ acc . sg ] | lead- gen . sg |
| ‘Peter melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Spanish fundir
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | fundi-ó | un | trozo | de | plomo |
| pn [ sg ] | melt- aor .3 sg | art . ndef . sg . m | piece[ sg . m ] | from | lead[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro melted a piece of lead.’ | |||||
Swedish att smälta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | smält-e | en | bit | bly |
| pn | melt- pst | indf . c . sg | piece | lead |
| ‘Björn melted a piece of lead.’ | ||||
Turkish eritmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | buz-u | erit-ti |
| pn | ice- acc | melt- pst |
| ‘Mehmet melted the ice.’ | ||
Ulcha umbuwən-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | ǯū-wə | um-buwən-či-ni |
| father | ice- acc | melt- caus - pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father melted the ice.’ | ||
Zilo Andi <b>-uts’-oɬ.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di | b-uts’-oɬ.i | t’uʃi |
| pn - erg | inan 1-melt- caus . pst ( aor ) | lead |
| ‘Ali has melted some lead.’ | ||