‘make fun’
Argument frame: | X (make fun) of Y |
Stimulus sentence: | (M. did something very stupid. Now,) P. is making fun of M . |
Predicate label Ru: | издеваться |
Argument frame Ru: | X (издеваться) над Y -ом |
Stimulus sentence Ru: | (М. сделал(а) что-то очень глупое. Теперь) П. издевается над М . |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
zaréma | rasúl | laq̇ərdə́ | də-l-č’p-ə́j-d |
pn | pn | fun | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . erg -make- prs - dcl |
‘Zarema is making fun of Rasul.’ |
Valency pattern: ERG_SUBCONT.ELAT |
X: ERG |
Y: SUBCONT.ELAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan.a | meʜemed.i-k-as | ihanat-ar | aq’.a-a |
pn ( erg ) | pn - sub / cont - elat | mocking- pl | do. ipf - prs |
‘Aslan is making fun of Muhammad.’ |
Valency pattern: SBJ_bi |
X: SBJ |
Y: bi |
Locus: Y |
+Ašur | gaxəc | bi | švav-u |
pn | laugh. prs | with | neighbour( m )- p .3 m |
‘Ashur will make fun of his neighbor.’ | |||
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. The actual form of the verb stem in the example is [ɟaxət], most likely a dialect realization of gaxəc. |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi | kasa-jʔ | vasʲa-da | piʃiza |
i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | pn - obl . sg .3 sg | ridicule( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
‘My friend is making fun of Vasja’. |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas | maknit | et | Menaχem |
pn | tease[ ptcp . sg . m ] | do | pn |
‘Pinchas is making fun of Menachem.’ |
Valency pattern: SBJ_av |
X: SBJ |
Y: av |
Locus: Y |
nå | gjø-r | Per | narr | av | Ola |
now | make- prs | pn | fool | of | pn |
‘Now Per is making fun of Ola.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_nadINS |
X: NOM |
Y: nadINS |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja | izdeva-et-sja | nad | Maš-ej |
pn ( m )- nom . sg | make_fun( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl | above | pn ( f )- ins . sg |
‘Petja is making fun of Maša.’ |
Valency pattern: ERG_SUP |
X: ERG |
Y: SUP |
Locus: Y |
rasul-a | ramazan-ɨ | jiʁ | laɢa-r=a |
pn - erg | pn - obl ( sup ) | mock | lv . ipfv - cvb =be |
‘Rasul is making fun of Ramazan.’ |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt | luânnj | Määʹrj |
pn . sg . nom | make.fun.of. prs .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
‘Pete is making fun of Maria’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_izGEN |
X: NOM |
Y: izGEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter | se | norčuje | iz | Pavl-a |
pn [ nom . sg ] | rfl | make_fun: ipfv . prs .3 sg | from | pn - gen . sg |
‘Peter is making fun of Pavel.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
X: NOM |
Y: COM |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet | Filiz-le | alay | ed-ıyor |
pn | pn - com | mockery | make- prs |
‘Mehmet is making fun of Filiz.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER |
X: NOM |
Y: SUPER |
Locus: Y |
pat’imati | muħammadi-ʔa | j-eɬː-o |
pn [ f ][ nom ] | pn - super | f -laugh- hab |
‘Patimat is laughing at Muhammad.’ |