‘make’
| Argument frame: |
X
(make)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
made
a mousetrap
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
изготовить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(изготовить)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
изготовил
мышеловку
.
|
Abaza
č’pa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| rasúl |
bómba |
j-č’pa-d |
|
pn
|
bomb
|
3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-make(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Rasul made a bomb.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
ṣ̂ə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| bzeǯʼaṣ̂e-m |
bombe-r |
ə-ṣ̂ə-ʁ |
|
criminal-
obl
|
bomb-
abs
|
3
sg
.
erg
-do-
pst
|
| ‘The criminal made the bomb.’ |
Aghul
aq’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
bomba |
aq’.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
bomb
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan made a bomb.’ |
Alik Kryz
dixha aric
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| terlan-ir |
çil |
dixha |
ar-ca |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trap
|
build.
n
|
do.
pfv
-
perf
.
n
|
| ‘Terlan made a mousetrap.’ |
Archi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| paša-mu |
bomba |
a<b>u |
|
pn
-
obl
(
erg
)
|
bomba
|
<3>do.
pfv
|
| ‘Pasha made a bomb.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+tarəs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| +Ašur |
+turəs-lə |
cursa |
|
pn
|
build.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
chair(
m
)
|
| ‘Ashur made a chair.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Avar
habize
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali-ca |
ʕunk’k’-al |
kkwe-ze |
gudur |
hab-una |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse-
pl
.
nom
|
hold-
inf
|
shackles
|
do.
n
-
ipf
|
| ‘Ali made a mousetrap.’ |
Azerbaijani
düzəltmək
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Aslan |
siçan |
tǝlǝ-si |
düzǝl-t-di |
|
pn
|
rat
|
trap-
poss
3
|
be_correct-
caus
-
pst
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan made a mousetrap.’ |
Bambara
dílan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
ye |
túlon-fɛn` |
dɔ́ |
dílan |
|
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
play-thing\
art
|
one
|
make
|
| ‘Seku made a toy.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
construir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
constru-iu |
um-a |
ratoeira |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
build-3
sg
.
pst
|
indf
-
f
|
mousetrap(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro made a mousetrap.’ |
Catalan
fer
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
va |
fer |
un-a |
ratonera |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
make-
inf
|
indf
-
sg
.
f
|
mousetrap(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere made a mousetrap.’ |
Chirag
b-arq’i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| ʡa̰li-le |
megʷal |
b-arq’-ib |
|
pn
-
erg
|
chair(
abs
)
|
n
.
sg
-do:
pf
-
aor
.3
|
| ‘Ali made a chair.’ |
Czech
vyrobit
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
vyrobi-l |
bomb-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
make(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
bomb(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr made a bomb.’ |
Danish
lave
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
lave-de |
en |
musefælde |
|
pn
|
make-
pst
|
indf
.
sg
|
mousetrap(
c
)
|
| ‘Peter made a mousetrap.’ |
Dutch
klaarmaken
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
een |
bom |
klaar-ge-maak-t |
|
pn
(С)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
indf
|
bomb(С)
|
ready-
ptcp
-make-
ptcp
|
| ‘Piet made a bomb.’ |
Eastern Maninka
rɔ́bɛ̀n
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
kà |
tólonfen` |
dó |
rɔ́bɛ̀n. |
|
pn
|
aor
.
tr
|
toy\
art
|
indf
|
fabricate
|
| ‘Seku fabricated a toy.’ |
English
make
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
Estonian
tegema
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter |
teg-i |
hiirelõksu |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
make-
pst
.3
sg
|
mousetrap.
sg
.
gen
|
| ‘Peeter made a mousetrap.’ |
Finnish
tehdä
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
tek-i |
hiirenlouku-n |
|
pn
.
nom
|
make-
pst
.3
sg
|
mousetrap-
gen
|
| ‘Pekka made a mousetrap.’ |
Forest Enets
mɛ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
tʃeziu |
mɛ-bi |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
lasso.
obl
|
make(
pfv
)-
prf
.3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend made a lasso’. |
French
fabriquer
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Paul |
a |
fabriqué |
une |
bombe |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
make.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
indf
.
sg
.
f
|
bomb(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul made a bomb.’ |
Georgian
da-Ø-a-mzad-eb-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| p'et're-m |
bomb-i |
da-Ø-a-mzad-a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb-
nom
|
prv
:downward-
do
3-
fact
-ready-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre constructed a bomb.’ |
German
bauen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
bau-te |
ein-e |
Mausefalle |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
build-
pst
.3
sg
|
indf
-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
mousetrap[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl made a mousetrap.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
pɛ̌li
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pépèe |
àá |
ŋwɛ̀ni |
pɛ́li |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
prf
|
bird
|
make
|
| ‘Pepee made a bird.’ |
Icari Dargwa
b=arq'-uj
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| Islam-il |
bomba |
b=aˤrq'-ib |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb.
abs
|
n
=make:
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Islam made a bomb.’ |
Irish
déan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Dhein |
Pól |
a’ |
boma. |
|
pst
/make
|
pn
|
def
|
bomb
|
| ‘Pól made a bomb.’ |
Italian
fabbricare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
ha |
fabbricato |
un-a |
bomb-a |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
make.
pst
.
ptcp
|
indf
.
sg
-
f
|
bomb-
sg
.
f
|
| ‘Leo made a bomb.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| meħamad-li |
bomba |
b-ar-ib |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb(
r
us)
|
n
-do.
pfv
-
pret
|
| ‘Muhammad made a bomb.’ |
Kalderash Romani
laśarəl
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
Murš-a |
laś-ar-ď-a |
bomb-a |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
make-
pst
-3
sg
|
bomb-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša made a bomb.’ |
Kandyk Tabasaran
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| maˁhaˁmad-ǯi |
q’uˁl-ar.i-n |
ruqar |
ʁ-ap’-nu |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse-
pl
-
gen
|
trap(
abs
)
|
pf
-do-
pst
|
| ‘Mahamad made a mousetrap.’ |
Karata
gahaɬa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali-l |
herk’k’wa-da |
q’watan |
geh-e |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse-
pl
|
trap
|
do-
pf
|
| ‘Ali made a mousetrap.’ |
Kaytag Dargwa
darara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| petja-l |
gvaca-la |
t:aˁm |
d-ar-iv |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse-
gen
|
trap
|
npl
-do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Petja made a mousetrap.’ |
Kazakh
žasa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
bomba |
žasa-dï |
|
pn
|
bomb
|
make-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya made a bomb.’ |
Kazym Khanty
wԑrti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| petr-en |
śɔrkan |
wԑr-ǝs |
|
pn
-
poss
.2
sg
|
trap
|
make-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja made a (small rodents) trap.’ |
Khoekhoe
kuru
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru-b |
ge |
duruǃnui-s-a |
go |
kuru |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
mousetrap-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
rpst
|
make
|
| ‘Peter made a mousetrap.’ |
Khwarshi
j/uƛeχ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| di-lo |
uža |
ustur |
l-uƛe-χ-χa |
|
1
sg
.
o
-
gen
2
|
son\
erg
|
table(
iv
)
|
iv
-make-
caus
-
pst
.
w
|
| ‘My son made a table.’ |
Kina Rutul
hawɨr
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a |
bomba |
ha<w>ɨ-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb(
nom
)
|
<3>do.
pfv
-
cvb
|
| ‘Rasul made a bomb.’ |
Kumyk
etmek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| basir |
čɨčqan |
tuzaq |
et-gen |
|
pn
|
mouse
|
trap
|
do-
pf
|
| ‘Basir made a mousetrap.’ |
Latin
facio
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Callicrat-es |
ex |
ebor-e |
formic-as |
fec-it |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
from
|
ivory(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
ant(
f
)-
acc
.
pl
|
make[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘Callicrates created ants from ivory.’ |
| Note: (Plin. NH 7, 88) |
Laz
o-Ɂ-u
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Käzim-i-k |
tu(γ)i-ši |
k'apan-i |
do-Ø-[ʔ]-u |
|
pn
-
b
-
erg
|
mouse-
gen
|
trap-
nom
|
prv
-
do
3-[make]-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Käzim made a mouse trap.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
zuò
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
zuò |
le |
yí-gè |
bǔshǔqì |
|
pn
|
make
|
pfv
|
one-
clf
|
mousetrap
|
| ‘Zhangsan made a mousetrap.’ |
Mano
bɛ̀ī
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| ē |
dḭ̄ḭ̄ |
bɛ̀ī |
|
3
sg
.
pst
|
powder
|
make
|
| ‘S/he made powder.’ |
Mehweb
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pajzula-li-ni |
b-aq'-ib |
bоmba |
|
pn
-
obl
-
erg
|
n
-do:
pfv
-
pst
|
bоmb
|
| ‘Pajzula made a bomb.’ |
Mingrelian
ei-Ø-o-nc'q'-un-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| čelo-k |
xunǯ-i |
ei-Ø-o-nc'q'-u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mousetrap-
nom
|
prv
-
do
3-
fact
-assemble-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Chelo made a mousetrap.’ |
Modern Hebrew
heχin
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
heχin |
malkodet |
aχbar-im |
|
pn
|
prepare[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
trap
|
mouse-
pl
|
| ‘Pinchas made a mousetrap.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
hıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
č'aˤnk' |
vıʔı-ri |
|
pn
-
erg
|
trap(
a
)
|
a
.do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad made a trap.’ |
Nanai
aŋgo-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
bomba-wa |
aŋgo-xa-ni |
|
pn
|
bomb-
obl
|
make-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia made a bomb.’ |
Nivkh
nəd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
bоmba |
+ |
nə-d |
|
pn
|
bomb
|
+
|
make-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik made a bomb.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
guruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pataħi-de |
bomba |
go-je |
godi |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb
|
do-
seq
|
n
.
cop
|
| ‘Patahi made a bomb.’ |
Northern Mansi
wārəs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| am |
āpa |
wār-s-um |
|
i
|
craddle
|
make-
pst
-1
sg
|
| ‘I made a craddle.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
wiǝ=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
bombа-lǝ |
wiǝ-mǝ-lǝ |
|
pn
|
bomb-
acc
|
make-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien made a bomb.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å lage
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
lage-t |
en |
musefelle |
|
pn
|
make-
pst
|
indf
.
m
.
sg
|
mousetrap
|
| ‘Per made a mousetrap.’ |
Polish
skonstruować
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Dariusz |
skonstruowa-ł |
bomb-ę |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
make:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
bomb-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Dariusz made a bomb.’ |
Russian
sdelatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
izgotovi-l |
myšelovk-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
make(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
mousetrap(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja made a mousetrap.’ |
Serbian
napraviti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
je |
napravi-o |
bomb-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
make-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
bomb-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar made a bomb.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
hɨʔɨ-n
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| basir |
hɨʔɨ-r |
č'enk'i-bɨr |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
n
.do.
pf
-
aor
|
trap-
pl
.
nom
|
| ‘Basir made mousetraps.’ |
Shughni
čīdow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim=i |
pūrg-anǰavīǰ=ak |
xůbaθ |
čūd |
|
pn
=3
sg
|
mousetrap=
dim
|
himself
|
do.
pst
|
| ‘Azim made a mousetrap himself.’ |
Skolt Saami
raajjâd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
raaj-i |
säʹpplee-äggaz |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
make-
pst
.3
sg
|
mouse.
sg
.
gen
-trap.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete made a mousetrap.’ |
Slovak
urobiť
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
urobi-l |
pasť |
na |
myš-i |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
make(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
trap(
f
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
on
|
mouse(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter made a mousetrap.’ |
Slovenian
narediti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
je |
naredi-l |
bomb-o |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
make:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
bomb-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter made a bomb.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
diruŝt kirdin
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Hîwa |
teɫemiʂk=î |
diruŝt |
kîrd-Ø |
|
pn
|
mousetrap=3
sg
.
pc
|
correct
|
do.
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa made a mousetrap.’ |
| Note: The 3SG.PC morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense. |
Southern Rutul
ütke hıʔın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
q'uˤl |
favaqha-y |
üpke |
havʔı-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse
|
a
.catch.
ipf
-
ptcp
|
a
.fit
|
a
.do.
pf
-
prs
|
| ‘Murad made a mousetrap.’ |
Spanish
fabricar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
ha |
fabrica-do |
una |
bomba |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
make-
ptcp
:
prf
|
art
.
ndef
.
sg
.
f
|
bomb[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro made a bomb.’ |
Standard Arabic
ʕamala
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-u-n |
ʕamala |
qunbulat-a-n |
|
pn
-
nom
-
indef
|
make.
pf
.3
m
|
bomb-
acc
-
indef
|
| ‘Badr made a bomb.’ |
Svan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| maizer-d |
säw-Ø |
än-Ø-sq'-i |
|
pn
-
erg
|
firewood_sledge-
nom
|
prv
:
prox
.
ver
:
s
-make-
pst
|
| ‘Maizer made a firewood sledge.’ |
Swedish
att göra
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
gjor-de |
en |
musfälla |
|
pn
|
make-
pst
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
mousetrap
|
| ‘Björn made a mousetrap.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| G<um>awa |
ng |
panghuli |
ng |
daga |
si |
Pedro |
|
<
av
>
pfv
.make
|
gen
|
trap
|
gen
|
rat
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
| ‘Pedro made a mousetrap.’ |
Telugu
tayāru cēyu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pravīṇ |
eluka-la |
kōsamu |
uccu |
tayāru |
cēsāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
rat(
n
)-
pl
.
obl
|
for
|
loop(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
ready
|
do.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen made a trap for rats.’ |
Tsakhur
havʔıy
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-ee |
q’oˁybıšı-s |
k’ıts’ |
havʔu |
|
pn
-
erg
|
mouse.
pl
.
obl
-
dat
|
trap(
a
)
|
a
.do.
pf
|
| ‘Murad made a mousetrap.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
b-arq'-iz/b-irq'-iz
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| uršːi-le |
waca-z |
tːam |
d-arq'-ib |
|
boy-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
mouse-
dat
|
trap
|
n
-do.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The boy made a mousetrap.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
b-arq'-i / b-irq'-i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| durħaˤ-li |
guta |
b-arq'-ib |
|
boy-
erg
|
chair
|
n
-do.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The boy made a chair.’ |
Turkish
yapmak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
bomba |
yap-tı |
|
pn
|
bomb
|
make-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet made a bomb.’ |
Turoyo
soyəm
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Gabriyel |
səm-le |
faḥo |
l-aʕ |
ʕebugr-e |
|
pn
|
make.
pfv
-
ls
.3
m
|
trap(
m
)
|
to-
art
.
pl
|
mouse-
pl
|
| ‘Gabriyel made a trap for mice.’ |
Ulcha
anǯu-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj |
ńī |
bomba-wa |
anǯu-xa-ni |
|
this
|
person
|
bomb-
acc
|
make-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘This man made a bomb.’ |
Uzbek
tayorlamoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
bomba |
tayorla-di |
|
pn
|
bomb
|
make-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja made a bomb.’ |
West Central Oromo
hoddʒeta
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
kijjoo |
hantuutaa |
hoddʒet-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
trap.
abs
|
mouse.
gen
|
make-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa made a mousetrap.’ |
Zilo Andi
dʒid.i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di |
bomba |
dʒid.i |
|
pn
-
erg
|
bomb[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
make.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Ali made a bomb.’ |
