‘love (person)’
| Argument frame: | X (love) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. loves M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | любить#человека# |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (любить) Y -а (сына) |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. любит М . |
Abaza bzəj ba
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| murád | fatíma | bzə́j | də-j-b-ə́j-d |
| pn | pn | well | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . erg -see- prs - dcl |
| ‘Murad loves Fatima.’ | |||
Aghul kːande-
| Valency pattern: DAT_ABS |
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s | fat’ima | kːande-a |
| pn - dat | pn | love- prs |
| ‘Aslan loves Fatima.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +bayyə
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| gavr-o | +bəbah-o=lə | baxt-u |
| man( m )- p .3 f | love. prog - p .3 f =3 m | woman( f )- p .3 m |
| ‘Husband loves his wife.’ | ||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. +bəbah is a dialect variant of the progressive stem (+byay in the Urmi dialect). | ||
Brazilian Portuguese amar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | am-a | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | love-3 sg . prs | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Pedro loves Maria.’ | ||
Catalan estimar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | estim-a | la | Maria |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | love-3 sg . prs . ind | def . sg . f | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Pere loves Maria.’ | ||||
Czech milovat
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | miluje | Michal-a |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | pn ( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr loves Michal.’ | ||
Danish elske
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | elske-r | Marie |
| pn | love- prs | pn |
| ‘Peter loves Marie.’ | ||
Dutch houden
| Valency pattern: SBJ_van |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: van |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | houd-t | van | Marie |
| pn ( c ) | hold-3 sg | from | pn ( c ) |
| ‘Piet loves Marie.’ | |||
Estonian armastama
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | armasta-b | Mareti-t |
| pn . sg . nom | love- prs .3 sg | pn - sg . part |
| ‘Peeter loves Maret.’ | ||
Finnish rakastaa
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | rakast-aa | Matti-a |
| pn . nom | love- prs .3 sg | pn - part |
| ‘Pekka loves Matti’ | ||
Forest Enets kɔmita
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | nɛ-da | kɔmita-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | woman- obl . sg .3 sg | like( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend loves his wife’. | |||
German lieben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | lieb-t | Marie |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | love- prs .3 sg | pn [ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl loves Marie.’ | ||
Italian amare
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | am-a | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | love-3 sg . prs | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Leo loves Maria.’ | ||
Kazakh süy
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | Maša-nï | süy-edі |
| pn | pn - acc | love- prs 2.3 sg |
| ‘Petya loves Masha.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty sămǝŋa tǎjti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | maša-j-ǝλ | săm-ǝŋ-a | tǎj-ǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .3 sg | heart- attr - dat | have- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja loves Maša.’ | |||
Latin amo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| tener-as | ama-t | ille | puell-as |
| tender- acc . pl . f | love[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg | that. nom . sg . m | girl( f )- acc . pl |
| ‘He loves tender girls.’ | |||
| Note: (Ov. Amores. III, 3, 25) | |||
Modern Hebrew ohev
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | ohev | et | Menaχem |
| pn | love[ ptcp . sg . m ] | do | pn |
| ‘Pinchas loves Menachem.’ | |||
Nanai uləsi-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | uləsi-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | love. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia loves Masha.’ | ||
Nivkh maʁod
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | Ajsana | + | maʁo-d |
| pn | pn | + | love- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik loves Ajsana.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å elske
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | elske-r | Kari |
| pn | love- prs | pn |
| ‘Per loves Kari.’ | ||
Polish kochać
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Ann-a | kocha | Mark-a |
| pn - nom . sg | love: ipfv . prs .3 sg | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Anna loves Marek.’ | ||
Russian ljubitʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | ljub-it | Maš-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | pn ( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja loves Maša.’ | ||
Rutul qɨgara
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s | ǯu-du | duχ | q-ɨga-r=a |
| pn - obl - dat | self.1. obl - attr | son( nom ) | re -1.love. ipfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul loves his son.’ | |||
Serbian voli
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | voli | Marij-u |
| pn . nom . sg | любить. prs .3 sg | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Петар любит Марию.’ | ||
Shughni žīwǰdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmed=i | Saida | žīwǰ |
| pn =3 sg | pn | love |
| ‘Ahmed loves Saida.’ | ||
Skolt Saami räʹǩsted
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | rääʹǩǩast | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | love. prs .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete loves Maria’ | ||
Slovenian ljubiti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | ljubi | Petr-a |
| pn - nom . sg | love: ipfv . prs .3 sg | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Ana loves Peter.’ | ||
Spanish querer
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | quier-e | a | María |
| pn [ sg . m ] | love- prs .3 sg | dir . obj . anm | pn [ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro loves Maria.’ | |||
Swedish att älska
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | älska-r | Maja |
| pn | love- prs | pn |
| ‘Björn loves Maja.’ | ||
Turkish sevmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | Filiz-i | sev-iyor |
| pn | pn - acc | love- prs |
| ‘Mehmet loves Filiz.’ | ||
Ulcha uləsi-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj | xusə | piktə | ti | əktə | piktə-wə | uləs-i-ni |
| this | male | child | that | female | child- acc | love- prs -3 sg |
| ‘This boy loves that girl.’ | ||||||
Zilo Andi dʒiʔ.i-r
| Valency pattern: AFF_NOM |
| X: AFF |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| pat’imati-<j>o | dʒiʔ.i-r | marjam |
| pn - aff < f > | like. pst - prog | pn [ f ][ nom ] |
| ‘Patimat likes Mariam.’ | ||