‘listen’
| Argument frame: | X (listen) to Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (What is P. doing?) P. is listening to radio . |
| Predicate label Ru: | слушать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (слушать) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (Что делает П._x?) П. слушает радио . |
Abaza [z-]ʒərʕʷ
| Valency pattern: ABS_BEN |
| X: ABS |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| zaréma | rádia | d-a-z-ʒərʕʷ-ə́j-d |
| pn | radio | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - ben -listen- prs - dcl |
| ‘Zarema is listening to radio.’ | ||
Aghul ubur qix.i-
| Valency pattern: ERG_POST |
| X: ERG |
| Y: POST |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | radi-q | ubur | qix.i-naa |
| pn ( erg ) | radi- post | ear | { post }put. pf - prf |
| ‘Aslan is listening to radio.’ | |||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +šammə
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brat-i | +bəšmay=əla | praskala |
| girl( f )- p .1 sg | hear. prog =3 f | radio(?) |
| ‘My daughter is listening to radio.’ | ||
Brazilian Portuguese escutar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | escut-a | o | rádio |
| pn ( m ) | listen-3 sg . prs | def . m | radio( m ) |
| ‘Pedro is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Catalan escoltar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | està | escolt-ant | la | ràdio |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | be.3 sg . prs . ind | listen- ger | def . sg . f | radio( f ) |
| ‘Pere is listening to radio.’ | |||||
Czech poslouchat
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | poslouchá | rádi-o |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | listen( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | radio( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr is listening to radio.’ | ||
Danish lytte
| Valency pattern: SBJ_til |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: til |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | lytte-r | til | radio-en |
| pn | listen- prs | to | radio( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Dutch luisteren
| Valency pattern: SBJ_naar |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: naar |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | luister-t | naar | de | radio |
| pn ( c ) | listen-3 sg | on | art . def .С | radio( c ) |
| ‘Piet is listening to the radio.’ | ||||
Estonian kuulama
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | kuula-b | raadio-t |
| pn . sg . nom | listen- prs .3 sg | radio- sg . part |
| ‘Peeter is listening to the radio.’ | ||
Finnish kuunnella
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | kuuntel-ee | radio-ta |
| pn . nom | listen- prs .3 sg | radio- part |
| ‘Pekka is listening to radio.’ | ||
Forest Enets dʲuzire
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | spidola-da | dʲuzire |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | portable_radioset- obl . sg .3 sg | listen( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend is listening to radio’. | |||
German hören
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | hör-t | Radio |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | listen- prs .3 sg | radio[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl is listening to the radio.’ | ||
Italian ascoltare
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ascolt-a | la | radio |
| pn ( m ) | listen-3 sg . prs | def . sg . f | radio. sg . f |
| ‘Leo is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Kazakh tïnda
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | radiyo | tïnda-p | otïr |
| pn | radio | listen- cvb | sit.3 sg |
| ‘Petya is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty χǫλǝntti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | ar | χǫλǝnt-ǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | song | listen- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja is listening a song.’ | ||
Latin audio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ut | audi-re-m | Laber-i | et | Publil-i | poemat-a |
| conj | listen- ipfv . sbjv - act .1 sg | pn ( m )- gen . sg | and | pn ( m )- gen . sg | poem( n )- acc . pl |
| ‘... that I listened the poems of Laberius and Publius.’ | |||||
| Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 12, 18) | |||||
Modern Hebrew makʃiv
| Valency pattern: SBJ_le |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | makʃiv | le | radio |
| pn | listen[ ptcp . sg . m ] | to | radio |
| ‘Pinchas is listening to radio.’ | |||
Nanai dosiǯa-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | radio-wa | doseǯa-j-ni |
| pn | radio- obl | listen- npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia is listening to radio.’ | ||
Nivkh məd
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | radiо | + | mə-d |
| pn | radio | + | listen- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik is listening to radio.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å lytte
| Valency pattern: SBJ_til |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: til |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | lytte-r | til | radio-en |
| pn | listen- prs | to | radio- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per is listening to radio.’ | |||
Polish słuchać
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Ann-a | słucha | radi-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | listen: ipfv . prs .3 sg | radio- gen . sg |
| ‘Anna is listening to radio.’ | ||
Russian slušatʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | sluša-et | radio |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | listen( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | radio( n )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petja is listening to radio.’ | ||
Rutul ubɨr qassara
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUB |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUB |
| Locus: Y |
| islam-a | ubɨr | q-assa-r=a | radio-je-χda |
| pn - erg | ear | pv -4.listen. ipfv - cvb =be | radio- obl - sub |
| ‘Islam is listening to radio.’ | |||
Serbian sluša
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | sluša | radio |
| pn . nom . sg | слушать. prs .3 sg | радио. acc . sg |
| ‘Петар слушает радио.’ | ||
Shughni niɣix̌tow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Lola | radio | niɣůɣ̌-d |
| pn | radio | listen-3 sg |
| ‘Lola is listening to radio.’ | ||
Skolt Saami kuvddled
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | lij | kuvddle-men | radia |
| pn . sg . nom | be. prs .3 sg | listen- prog . ptcp | radio. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete is listening to radio.’ | |||
Slovenian poslušati
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | posluša | radi-o |
| pn - nom . sg | listen: ipfv . prs .3 sg | radio- acc . sg |
| ‘Ana is listening to radio.’ | ||
Spanish escuchar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | escuch-a | la | radio |
| pn [ sg . m ] | listen- prs .3 sg | art . def . sg . f | radio[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Swedish att lyssna
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | lyssna-r | på | radio |
| pn | listen- prs | on | radio |
| ‘Björn is listening to the radio.’ | |||
Turkish dinlemek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | radyo-yı | dinli-yor |
| pn | radio- acc | listen- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is listening to the radio.’ | ||
Ulcha dosoǯi-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | raǯio | dosoǯ-i-ni |
| father | radio | listen- prs -3 sg |
| ‘Father is listening to radio.’ | ||
Zilo Andi antʃː.i-r
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imat | radiul-ʔo | antʃː.i-r |
| pn [ f ][ nom ] | radio- super . lat | listen. pst - prog |
| ‘Patimat is listening to the radio.’ | ||