BivalTyp

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‘like’

Argument frame:

X (like) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. likes this shirt .

Predicate label Ru:

нравиться

Argument frame Ru:

X -у (нравиться) Y

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. нравится эта рубашка .

Abaza gʷapχa

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

murád	arə́j	as	j-gʷapχ-ə́j-d
pn	prox	def +shirt	3 sg . m . erg -like- prs - dcl
‘Murad likes this shirt.’

Adyghe gʷə rjəhə

Valency pattern: NominalPossessor_ABS

X: NominalPossessor

Y: ABS

Locus: X

č̣ʼale-m	mə	ǯʼane-r	ə-gʷ	r-j-e-hə
парень- obl	этот	рубашка- abs	3 sg . pr -сердце	loc : cont -3 sg . erg - dyn -нести
‘Парню нравится эта рубашка’
Note: Lit. ‘Something is bring the shirt in the guy’s heart’.

Aghul begemiš-tːi + ‘be’

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	me	berʜem	begemiš-tːi	a
pn - dat	demm	shirt	<like>- adv	{ in }be: prs
‘Aslan likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xoš atə

Valency pattern: BARE_men

X: BARE

Y: men

Locus: XY

+Ašur	xoš-u	bitay=əla	mən	d-a	+sudra
pn	happiness( f )- p .3 m	come. prog =3 f	from	obl - dem 1. sg	shirt( f )
‘Ashur likes this shirt.’

Bambara dí

Valency pattern: ye_SBJ

X: ye

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

kùlusi	ìn	ka	dí	Sékù	yé
pants	this	qual	pleasant	pn	as
‘Seku likes these pants.’

Brazilian Portuguese gostar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de

X: SBJ

Y: de

Locus: Y

Pedro	gost-a	dess-a	camisa
pn ( m )	like-3 sg . prs	of+ dem . med - f	shirt( f )
‘Pedro likes this shirt.’

Catalan agradar

Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ

X: DAT

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

al	Pere	li	agrad-a	aquesta	samarreta
to. def . sg . m	pn ( m )	3 sg . dat	like-3 sg . prs . ind	this. sg - f	shirt( f )
‘Pere likes this shirt.’

Czech líbit se

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petr-ovi	se	líbí	ta	košil-e
pn ( m )- dat . sg	refl . acc	like( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	this. f . nom . sg	shirt( f )- nom . sg
‘Petr likes this shirt.’

Danish kunne lide

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	kan	godt	lide	de-n	skjorte
pn	can. prs	well	like. inf	dem - c . sg	shirt( c )
‘Peter likes this shirt.’

Dutch mooi vinden

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Piet	vind-t	het	hemd	mooi
pn ( c )	find-3 sg	art . def . n	shirt( n )	beautiful
‘Piet likes the shirt.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Eastern Maninka dúman

Valency pattern: nye_SBJ

X: nye

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

Kùrusi	nìn	dúman	Sékù	ɲɛ́.
pants	this	pleasant	pn	before
‘Seku likes these pants.’
Note: Non-verbal predication.

English like

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	likes	this	shirt.

Estonian meeldima

Valency pattern: ALL_NOM

X: ALL

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Peetri-le	meeldi-b	see	särk
pn - all	appeal_to- prs .3 sg	dem	shirt. sg . nom
‘Peeter likes this shirt.’

Finnish pitää

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA

X: NOM

Y: ELA

Locus: Y

Pekka	pit-ää	tä-stä	paida-sta
pn . nom	like- prs .3 sg	this- ela	shirt- ela
‘Pekka likes this shirt.’

Forest Enets kɔmita

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	tʃike	lubaxa	kɔmita-za
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	this	cloth	like( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend likes this shirt’.

French plaire

Valency pattern: a_SBJ

X: a

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

cette	chemise	plaît	beaucoup	à	Paul
this. sg . f	shirt( f )	please. prs .3 sg	much	to	pn ( m )
‘Paul likes this shirt.’

Georgian mo-s-c'on-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	mo-s-c'on-s	es	p'erang-i
pn - dat	prv : prox - io 3-like- s 3 sg	dem . prox _ nom . sg	shirt- nom
‘Petre likes this shirt.’

German gefallen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Karl	gefäll-t	das	Hemd
pn [ dat . sg ]	please- prs .3 sg	def . n . nom . sg	shirt[ nom . sg ]
‘Karl likes this shirt.’

Irish is maith

Valency pattern: le_SBJ

X: le

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

Is	maith	le	Pól	an	léine	sea
cop . prs	good	with	pn	def	shirt	dem
‘Pól likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian piacere

Valency pattern: a_SBJ

X: a

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

a	Leo	piac-e	quest-a	camici-a
to	pn ( m )	like-3 sg . prs	this- sg . f	shirt- sg . f
‘Leo likes this shirt.’

Kalderash Romani plaćal

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM

X: ACC

Y: NOM

Locus: X

le	Murš-as	plaća-l	les	kad-o	gad
art . m . obl	pn - acc . sg	like- prs .3 sg	he. cl	this- m . dir . sg	shirt[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša likes this shirt.’

Kazakh una

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ɣa	bul	žeyde	una-ydï
pn - dat	this	shirt	like- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya likes this shirt.’

Kazym Khanty mǫstǝti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Pet’a-j-en-a	mǫst-əλ	śi	jɛrnas-λ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat	like- npst [3 sg ]	foc	shirt- poss .3 sg
‘Petja likes this shirt.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

isu-l	goqa-ha	deba	gud
dem . an . o . i - dat	любить- prs	2 sg . o . gen 1	рубашка( v )
‘Ему нравится твоя рубашка.’

Kina Rutul q’abɨl wuruɁura

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-u-s	q’abɨl	wu-ruɁu-r=a	mi	uχun
pn - obl - dat	like	3-become. ipfv - cvb =be	this	shirt( nom )
‘Rasul likes this shirt.’

Latin placeo

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

non	place-t	mi	cen-a	quae	bil-em	move-t
not	like[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg	i . dat	dinner( f )- nom . sg	which. nom . sg . f	bile( f )- acc . sg	move[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘I don't like a dinner which moves the bile.’
Note: (Pl. Bac. 537)

Mandarin Chinese xǐhuan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	xǐhuan	zhè-jiàn	chènshān
pn	like	this- clf	shirt
‘Zhangsan likes this shirt.’

Mingrelian mo-Ø-c'on-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

čelo-s	te	osare-Ø	mo-Ø-c'on-s.
pn - dat	dem . prox	shirt- nom	prv - io 3-like- s 3 sg
‘Chelo likes this shirt.’
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew ohev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ohev	et	ha	χultsa	ha	z-o
pn	love[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	shirt	def	this[ sg ]- f
‘Pinchas likes this shirt.’

Nanai ulə-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	əj	tətuə-wə	ulə.si-ni
pn	this	garment- obl	love. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia likes this shirt.’

Nivkh maʁod

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	tu	+	lar̥q	+	maʁo-d
pn	dem . prox	+	shirt	+	like- ind
‘Kaskazik likes this shirt.’

Northern Mansi jomas

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM

X: LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

āji-riɕ-na	ti	sup	jomas
girl- dim - lat	this	dress	good
‘The girl likes this dress.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Northern Yukaghir amуdˈī=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	tu-ŋ	urbа̄hа-lǝ	аmudˈī-m
pn	prxm - at	shirt- acc	like- tr .3 sg
‘Semien likes this shirt.’

Norwegian Bokmål å like

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	like-r	den	skjort-a
pn	like- prs	det . f . sg	shirt- def . f . sg
‘Per likes this shirt.’

Polish podobać się

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Feliks-owi	podoba	się	ta	koszul-a
pn - dat . sg	like: ipfv . prs .3 sg	refl	this. f . nom . sg	shirt- nom . sg
‘Feliks likes this shirt.’

Russian nravitʹsja

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Pet-e	nrav-it-sja	èt-a	rubašk-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg	please( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl	this- f . nom . sg	shirt( f )- nom . sg
‘Petja likes this shirt.’

Serbian sviđati se

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petr-u	se	sviđa	ta	košulj-a
pn - dat . sg	refl	like. prs .3 sg	this. nom . sg . f	shirt- nom . sg
‘Petar likes this shirt.’

Shughni xuš vidow

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM

X: LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Azim-ard	ik-am	kurtā	xuš
pn - lat	em - d 1. sg	shirt	pleasant
‘Azim likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt.

Skolt Saami tuʹǩǩeed

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Peâtt	tuʹǩǩad	tän	pääiʹdest
pn . sg . nom	like. prs .3 sg	prox . sg . gen	shirt. sg . loc
‘Pete likes this shirt.’

Slovak mať rád

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	má	rád	toto	tričk-o
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	glad	this. n . acc . sg	shirt( n )- acc . sg
‘Peter likes this shirt.’

Slovenian biti všeč

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petr-u	je	všeč	ta	srajc-a
pn - dat . sg	be. prs .3 sg	pleasant	this. nom . sg . f	shirt- nom . sg
‘Peter likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Sorani Kurdish ḧez lêbûn

Valency pattern: EXT_le

X: EXT

Y: le

Locus: XY

Hîwa	êsta	ḧez=î	le-ew	kirase-ye
pn	now	liking=3 sg . pc	from-this	shirt-be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa now likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Lit. ≈ ‘Hiwa, to him is now liking from this shirt’

Spanish gustar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ

X: NDIR.OBJ

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

a	Pedro	le	gust-a	est-a	camisa
ndir . obj	pn [ sg . m ]	he. ndir . obj	like- prs .3 sg	this- f	shirt[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro likes this shirt.’

Swedish att gilla

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	gilla-r	den	här	tröja-n
pn	like- prs	def . c . sg	this. c . sg	here shirt- def . c . sg
‘Björn likes this shirt.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR

X: ACT

Y: UND

Locus: TR

Gusto	ni	Pedro	ito-ng	damit
like	pers . gen	pn	3. sg . subj - lin	shirt
‘Pedro likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Despite the lack of overt voice morphology, this structure has been analyzed similar to PV construction and identified as ACT_UND.

Telugu iṣṭamu + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pravīṇ-ki	ī	cokka	aṁṭē	iṣṭamu
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat	dem . prox	shirt( n ). sg . nom	that_is	liking( n ). sg . nom
‘Praveen likes this shirt.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turkish beğenmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	bu	gömleğ-i	beğen-iyor
pn	this	shirt- acc	like- prs
‘Mehmet likes this shirt.’

Ulcha uləsi-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

əktə	piktə	dāda-ŋgu-ni	tətu-wə-ni	uləs-i-ni
female	child	grandmother- poss -3 sg	garment- acc -3 sg	love- prs -3 sg
‘The girl likes her grandma’s gown.’

Uzbek yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ga	bu	ko’ylak	yoq-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn - dat	this	dress	like- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja likes this dress.’

West Central Oromo dʒaallata

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	ʃamizii	kana	dʒaallat-a
pn - nom	shirt	this. abs	like-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa likes this shirt.’

Zilo Andi dʒiʔ.i-j

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pat’imati-<r>o	dʒiʔ.i-j	ɡurdo
pn - aff < inan 2>	like. pst - pf	shirt[ inan 2][ nom ]
‘Patimat likes [this] shirt.’