BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘leave’

Argument frame: X (leave) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. left his native city .
Predicate label Ru: покидать
Argument frame Ru: X (покидать) Y (-а)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. покинул родной город .

Abaza [t-]c̣ə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCte
X: ABS
Y: LOCte
Locus: Y
rasúl á-q̇ala d-tə-c̣-d
pn def -city 3 sg . h . abs - loc -pass( aor )- dcl
‘Rasul left his native city.’

Aghul at.u-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a uč.i-n ruχ.u šahar at.u-ne
pn ( erg ) self- gen be.born. pf town leave. pf - aor
‘Aslan left his native city.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic azəl

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
+Ašur xəš-lə mən mat=ət gan-u
pn go. pst - ls .3 m from village( f )= rel refl ( f )- p .3 m
‘Ashur left his native village.’

Brazilian Portuguese abandonar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro abandon-ou sua cidade natal
pn ( m ) leave-3 sg . pst poss .3. f city( f ) native
‘Pedro left his native city.’

Catalan deixar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va deix-ar la seva ciutat nativ-a
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind leave- inf def . sg . f poss .3. f . sg city( f ) native- f . sg
‘Pere left his native city.’

Czech opustit

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr opusti-l rodn-é měst-o
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] leave( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] native- n . acc . sg city( n )- acc . sg
‘Petr left his home town.’

Danish forlade

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter forlod sin hjemby
pn leave. pst poss . refl . c . sg hometown( c )
‘Peter left his native city.’

Dutch verlaten

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft zijn geboortestad verlaten
pn ( c ) have.3 sg poss . c .3 sg hometown( c ) leave. ptcp
‘Piet left his hometown.’

Estonian lahkuma

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Peeter lahku-s oma sünnilinna-st
pn . sg . nom leave- pst .3 sg poss . refl birth_city- ela
‘Peeter left his native city.’

Finnish lähteä

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka läht-i koti-kaupungi-sta-an
pn . nom leave- pst .3 sg home-city- ela - poss .3 sg
‘Pekka left his native city.’

Forest Enets kaji

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ sɔja-j-da dʲa-da kaji-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg be_born( pfv )- ptcp . ant - obl . sg .3 sg place- obl . sg .3 sg leave_behind( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend left his native land’.

German verlassen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl verließ sein-e Heimatstadt
pn [ nom . sg ] leave. pst .3 sg his- f . acc . sg hometown[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl left his hometown.’

Italian lasciare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha lasciato la su-a città natal-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs leave. pst . ptcp def . sg . f poss .3 sg - sg . f city. sg . f native- sg . f
‘Leo left his native city.’

Kazakh ket

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya tuwɣan qala-sï-nan ket-tі
pn home town- poss 3- abl leave- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya left his hometown.’

Kazym Khanty χǎjti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en rǫt wɔš-ǝλ χǎj-s-ǝλλe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg native town- poss .3 sg leave- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja left his native city.’

Latin linquo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
liqu-it Agenorid-es Sidoni-a moeni-a Cadm-us
leave[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg pn ( m )- nom . sg s idon’s- acc . pl . n wall( n )- acc . pl pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘Cadmus Agenorides left the fort of Sidon.’
Note: (Ov. Ep. Ex Ponto. I, 3, 77)

Modern Hebrew azav

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas azav et ir uledat-o
pn leave[ pst .3 sg . m ] do city birth- poss .3 sg . m
‘Pinchas left his native city.’

Nanai ənu-

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petia mənə xoto-nǯeaǯe-i ənu-xə-ni
pn refl town- abl - p . refl . sg leave- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia left his native city.’

Nivkh vəkzd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pʰ-vо + pəkz-d
pn rfl -village + lose- ind
‘Kaskazik left his native village.’

Norwegian Bokmål å forlate

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forlot hjemby-en
pn leave. pst home_town- def . m . sg
‘Per left his hometown.’

Polish opuścić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Staszek opuści-ł rodzim-e miast-o
pn [ nom . sg ] leave: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] native- n . acc . sg town- acc . sg
‘Staszek left his native city.’

Russian uexatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_izGEN
X: NOM
Y: izGEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja uexa-l iz rodn-ogo gorod-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg go_away( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from native- m . gen . sg city( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja left his native city.’

Rutul qaˁrhɨˁr

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.EL
X: NOM
Y: IN.EL
Locus: Y
rasul ǯu-dɨ šeher-dʲ-a: q-aˁ<r>hɨˁ-r
pn ( nom ) self. obl - attr city- obl - in . el re -<1>leave. pfv - cvb
‘Rasul left his native city.’

Serbian napustio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je napusti-o rodn-i grad
pn . nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg покинуть- part . perf .М. sg родной- acc . sg . m город. acc . sg
‘Петар покинул родной город.’

Shughni tark čīdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i xu x̌ār tark čūd
pn =3 sg refl city leave do. pst
‘Azim left his native city.’

Skolt Saami vueʹlǧǧed meädda

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt vuõʹlj-i meädda suu šõdd-âm-siid-âst
pn . sg . nom leave- pst .3 sg away 3 sg . gen born- pst . ptcp -village- sg . loc
‘Pete left his native village.’

Slovenian zapustiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je zapusti-l rojstn-o mest-o
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg leave: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] native- acc . sg . n city- acc . sg
‘Peter left his native city.’

Spanish abandonar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha abandona-do su ciudad natal
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg leave- ptcp : prf one’s[ sg . f ] town[ sg . f ] native[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro left his native city.’

Swedish att lämna

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn lämna-de sin hemstad
pn leave- pst poss . refl . c . sg home_town
‘Björn left his hometown.’

Turkish ayrılmak

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Mehmet memleket-i-nden ayrıl-dı
pn hometown- p .3- abl leave- pst
‘Mehmet left his hometown.’

Ulcha ŋənu-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
min ag-bi əj gasan-ǯi čup ŋənu-xə-ni
my elder_brother-1 sg this village- ins forever go_away- pst -3 sg
‘My elder brother left this village for good.’

Zilo Andi <w>-uʔ.onn-ij

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
ali w-uʔ.onn-ij hon-ʔa-kːu
pn [ m ][ nom ] m -go. pst - pf village- super - el
‘Ali left the village.’