‘know’
| Argument frame: |
X
(know)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
knows
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
знать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(знать)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
знает
М
.
|
Abaza
dər
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| fatíma |
murád |
də-l-də́r-əj-d |
|
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
erg
-know-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘Fatima knows Murad.’ |
Aghul
ʜa-
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s |
ʜa-a |
meʜemed |
|
pn
-
dat
|
know-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Aslan knows Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+yaṭṭə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| +Ašur |
+bədday=əl |
švav-u |
|
pn
|
know.
prog
=3
m
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur knows his neighbor.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
conhece |
Miguel |
|
| ‘Педру знает Мигела.’ |
Czech
znát
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
zná |
Michal-a |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
know(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr knows Michal.’ |
Finnish
tuntea
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
tunt-ee |
Mati-n |
|
pn
.
nom
|
know-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
gen
|
| ‘Pekka knows Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
tɛne
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛ-jʔ |
tɛnee-za |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
woman-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
know(
ipfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
| ‘My friend knows my wife’. |
Latin
nosco
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| qui |
Rom-ae |
nov-era-t |
nemin-em |
|
which.
nom
.
sg
|
r
ome(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
know-
plup
.
ind
-
act
.3
sg
|
nobody-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘... one who knew nobody in Rome’ |
| Note: (Cic. Rosc. 76) |
Modern Hebrew
makir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
makir |
et |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
know[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas knows Menachem.’ |
Nanai
saa-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
Maša-wa |
saa-ri-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
know-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia knows Masha.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å kjenne
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
kjenne-r |
Ola |
|
pn
|
know-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Per knows Ola.’ |
Polish
znać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Józef |
zna |
Adam-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
know:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Józef knows Adam.’ |
Russian
znatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
zna-et |
Maš-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
know(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja knows Maša.’ |
Rutul
hac’ara
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s |
hac’a-r=a |
ramazan |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
1.know.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
| ‘Rasul knows Ramazan.’ |
Skolt Saami
tobddâd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
tåbdd |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
know.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete knows Maria’ |
Slovenian
poznati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
pozna |
Pavl-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
know:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter knows Pavel.’ |
Swedish
att känna
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
känn-er |
Maja |
|
pn
|
know-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn knows Maja.’ |
Turkish
tanımak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
Filiz-i |
tanı-yor |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
know-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet knows Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
sā-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| bi |
nam |
piktə-wə-n |
sā-ri-ji |
|
i
|
s/he
|
child-
acc
-3
sg
|
know-
prs
-1
sg
|
| ‘I know his/her child.’ |
Zilo Andi
ts’inn-e
|
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
| X: AFF |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ali-<j>o |
ts’inn-e |
marjam |
|
pn
-
aff
<
f
>
|
know-
hab
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
| ‘Ali knows Mariam.’ |
