BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘kiss’

Argument frame:

X (kiss) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. kissed M .

Predicate label Ru:

целовать

Argument frame Ru:

X (целовать) Y -а

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. поцеловал М .

Abaza ba hʷə

Valency pattern: ERG_IO

X: ERG

Y: IO

Locus: Y

fatíma	l-aš’á	ba	j-a-l-hʷ-ṭ
pn	3 sg . f . io -brother	kiss	3 sg . m . io - dat -3 sg . f . erg -say( aor )- dcl
‘Fatima kissed her brother.’

Adyghe je-bewə

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT

X: ABS

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pŝaŝe-r	č̣ʼale-m	je-bewə-ʁ
девушка- abs	парень- obl	3 sg . io + dat -целовать- pst
‘Девушка поцеловала парня.’

Aghul p’ac ik’.i-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan.a	šünükː.i-s	p’ac	ik’.i-ne
pn ( erg )	child- dat	kiss	{ in }poke. pf - aor
‘Aslan kissed the child.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic našək

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

yala	nšik-a-l	brata
boy( m )	kiss- ss .3 f - ls .3 m	girl( f )
‘The boy kissed the girl.’

Bambara súmusumu

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Sékù	ye	Fántà	dá`	súmusumu
pn	pfv . tr	pn	mouth\ art	smell
‘Seku kissed Fanta.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Brazilian Portuguese beijar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	beij-ou	Maria
pn ( m )	kiss-3 sg . pst	pn ( f )
‘Pedro kissed Maria.’

Catalan besar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	va	bes-ar	la	Maria
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	kiss- inf	def . sg . f	pn ( f )
‘Pere kissed Maria.’

Czech políbit

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petr	políbi-l	Michal-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	kiss( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr kissed Michal.’

Danish kysse

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	kysse-de	Marie
pn	kiss- pst	pn
‘Peter kissed Marie.’

Dutch kussen

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	heeft	Marie	ge-kus-t
pn ( c )	have.3 sg	pn ( c )	ptcp -kiss- ptcp
‘Piet kissed Marie.’

Eastern Maninka súnbu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	bára	Fántà	súnbu.
pn	prf	pn	kiss
‘Seku has kissed Fanta.’

English kiss

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	kissed	Mary.

Estonian suudlema

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Peeter	suudle-s	Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom	kiss- pst .3 sg	pn - sg . part
‘Peeter kissed Maret.’

Finnish suudella

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Pekka	suutel-i	Matti-a
pn . nom	kiss- pst .3 sg	pn - part
‘Pekka kissed Matti.’

Forest Enets nʲujza

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	nɛ-da	nʲujza
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	woman- obl . sg .3 sg	kiss( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend kissed his wife’.

French embracer

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	a	embrassé	Marie
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	kiss. pst . ptcp . m	pn ( f )
‘Paul kissed Marie.’

Georgian Ø-a-k'oc-eb-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

p'et're-m	mašo-s	loq'a-ze	Ø-a-k'oc-a
pn - erg	pn - dat	cheek- pstp : subl	io 3- ver : n -kiss- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre kissed Masho on the cheek.’

German küssen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	küss-te	Marie
pn [ nom . sg ]	kiss- pst .3 sg	pn [ acc . sg ]
‘Karl kissed Marie.’

Irish póg

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Do=phóg	Pól	Máire.
pst =kiss	pn	pn
‘Pól kissed Máire.’

Italian baciare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	ha	baciato	Maria
pn ( m )	aux .3 sg . prs	kiss. pst . ptcp	pn ( f )
‘Leo kissed Maria.’

Kalderash Romani ćumindel

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	ćuminď-a	la	Marijk-a	ande	buk-a
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	kiss- pst .3 sg	art . f . obl . sg	pn - acc . sg	in	cheek- nom . sg
‘Murša kissed Marijka on the cheek.’

Kazakh süy

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-nï	süy-dі
pn	pn - acc	kiss- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya kissed Masha.’

Kazym Khanty mɔsǝλtǝti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	maša-j-en	mɔsǝλtǝ-s-λe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	pn - ep - poss .2 sg	kiss- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja kissed Maša.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT

X: ERG

Y: CONT

Locus: Y

šamil-i	uba-č	b-u-ja	isu-lo-č	kande-qo
pn - erg	поцелуй( iii )- its	iii -делать- pst . w	dem . an . o . i - gen 2- its	дочь- cont
‘Шамиль поцеловал свою дочь.’

Kina Rutul k’uxʲ kiwɨr

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

rasul-a	k’uxʲ	ki-w-ɨ-r	madina-s
pn - erg	beak( nom )	pv -3- lv . pfv - cvb	pn - dat
‘Rasul kissed Madina.’

Latin osculor

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

aliter	homin-es	amic-am,	aliter	liber-os	oscula-ntur
differently	man( m )- nom . pl	girlfriend( f )- acc . sg	differently	child( m )- acc . pl	kiss[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘People kiss girlfriends and children in different ways.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 75, 3)

Mandarin Chinese qīnwěn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	qīnwěn	le	Lǐsì
pn	kiss	pfv	pn
‘Zhangsan kissed Lisi.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-ǯun-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čelo-k	anučia-s	k-Ø-a-ǯun-u.
pn - erg	pn - dat	aff - io 3- ver : r -kiss- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo kissed Anuchia.’

Modern Hebrew niʃek

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	niʃek	et	Menaχem
pn	kiss[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas kissed Menachem.’

Nanai oǯo-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	Maša-wa	oǯo-xa-ni
pn	pn - obl	kiss- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia kissed Masha.’

Nivkh mоct

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	Ajsana	+	mоc-t
pn	pn	+	kiss- ind
‘Kaskazik kissed Ajsana.’

Northern Mansi an’apaste

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

āji	ɕān’-e	an’ap-as-t-e
daughter	mother- poss .3 sg	kiss- pst - sg . o -3 sg . s
‘The daughter kissed her mother.’

Northern Yukaghir уbа̄=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ	mǝr	ubа̄-m
pn	pn - acc	aff	kiss- tr .3 sg
‘Semien kissed Akulina.’

Norwegian Bokmål å kysse

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	kysse-t	Kari
pn	kiss- pst	pn
‘Per kissed Kari.’

Polish pocałować

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Franek	pocałowa-ł	Mart-ę
pn [ nom . sg ]	kiss: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ]	pn - acc . sg
‘Franek kissed Marta.’

Russian pocelovatʹ

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pet-ja	pocelova-l	Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg	kiss( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja kissed Maša.’

Serbian poljubiti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	je	poljubi-o	Marij-u
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	kiss- part . perf . m . sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Petar kissed Maria.’

Shughni bā čīdow

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Ahmed=i	Saida	bā	ču
pn =3 sg	pn	kiss	do. pst
‘Ahmed kissed Saida.’

Skolt Saami cuʹmmsted

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	cuʹmmst-i	Määʹrj
pn . sg . nom	kiss- pst .3 sg	pn . sg . acc
‘Pete kissed Maria’

Slovak pobozkať

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	pobozka-l	Mári-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	kiss( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Peter kissed Maria.’

Slovenian poljubiti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	je	poljubi-l	An-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	kiss: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	pn - acc . sg
‘Peter kissed Ana.’

Sorani Kurdish maç kirdin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Hîwa	Perî=î	maç	kird-Ø
pn	pn =3 sg . pc	kiss	do. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa kissed Pari.’

Spanish dar un beso

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Pedro	ha	da-do	un	beso	a	María
pn [ sg . m ]	aux .3 sg	give- ptcp : prf	art . ndef . sg . m	kiss[ sg . m ]	ndir . obj	pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro kissed Maria.’

Swedish att kyssa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	kyss-te	Maja
pn	kiss- pst	pn
‘Björn kissed Maja.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

H<in>alik-an	ni	Pedro	si	Maria
< pv > pfv .kiss- lv	pers . gen	pn	pers . subj	pn
‘Pedro kissed Maria.’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here?

Telugu muddu peṭṭu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	madhuri-ki	muddu	peṭṭāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	pn ( f ). sg . obl - dat	kiss( n ). sg . nom	put. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen kissed Madhuri.’

Turkish öpmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	Filiz-i	öp-tü
pn	pn - acc	kiss- pst
‘Mehmet kissed Filiz.’

Ulcha alawsi-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

xusə	piktə	əktə	piktə-wə	alawsa-xa-ni
male	child	female	child- acc	kiss- pst -3 sg
‘The boy kissed the girl.’

Uzbek o’pmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	o’p-ti
pn	pn - acc	kiss- pst .3 sg
‘Petja kissed Maša.’

West Central Oromo ɗungata

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	boontuu	ɗungat-e
pn - nom	pn . abs	kiss-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa kissed Bontu.’

Zilo Andi ts’omm.i

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

χadiʒati-di	ts’omm.i	marjam-ʔa
pn - erg	kiss. pst ( aor )	pn - super
‘Khadizhat kissed Mariam.’