BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘hit (target)’

Argument frame: X (hit) Y
Stimulus sentence: Lightning hit / struck the house .
Predicate label Ru: попасть
Argument frame Ru: X (попадать) в Y (молния в дом)
Stimulus sentence Ru: Молния] попала в [дом .

Abaza [kʷ-]ŝa

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCkwe
X: ABS
Y: LOCkwe
Locus: Y
a-c a-tʒə́ j-á-kʷ-ŝa-d
def -lightning def -house 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . n . io - loc -fall( aor )- dcl
‘The lightning hit the house.’

Aghul jarʜ.u-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
c’ajlapan χul.a-s jarʜ.u-ne
lightning house- dat strike. pf - aor
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic maxə

Valency pattern: SBJ_gu
X: SBJ
Y: gu
Locus: Y
bərka mxi-l gu beta
lightning( m ) beat. pst - ls .3 m in house( m )
‘Lightning hit the house.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Brazilian Portuguese atingir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
o raio ating-iu a casa
def . m lightning( m ) strike-3 sg . pst def . f house( f )
‘The lightning struck the house.’

Catalan entrar

Valency pattern: SBJ_dins
X: SBJ
Y: dins
Locus: Y
la il·luminació va entr-ar dins la casa
def . sg . f lightning( f ) go.3 sg . prs . ind enter- inf in def . sg . f house( f )
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Czech uhodit

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
do dom-u uhodi-l blesk
in house( m )- gen . sg hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] lightning( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Danish slå ned

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Lyn-et slog ned i hus-et
lightning( n )- def . sg hit. pst down in house( n )- def . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Dutch inslagen

Valency pattern: SBJ_in
X: SBJ
Y: in
Locus: Y
de bliksemflits sloeg in het huis in
art . def . c lightning( c ) hit. pst in art . def . n house( n ) in
‘The lightning struck the house.’

Estonian lööma

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
välk lõ-i majja
lightning. sg . nom hit- pst .3 sg house. sg . ill
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Finnish osua

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
salama osu-i talo-on
l ightning. nom strike- pst .3 sg house- ill
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Forest Enets tɛbu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
kiu tu tɛxɛ pɛ-d tɛba
thunder fire there(loc) wood- dat . sg hit( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘Lightning hit that tree’.

German treffen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
der Blitz triff-t das Haus
def . m . nom . sg lightning[ nom . sg ] meet- prs .3 sg def . n . acc . sg house[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning strikes the house.’

Italian finire

Valency pattern: SBJ_in
X: SBJ
Y: in
Locus: Y
un fulmin-e è finit-o nel-la cas-a
indf . sg . m lightning- sg . m aux .3 sg . prs strike. pst . ptcp - sg . m in. def . sg - f house- sg . f
‘The lightning struck the house.’

Kazakh tüs

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Üy-ge žay tüs-tі
house- dat lightning fall- pst 1.3 sg
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Kazym Khanty χɔjti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pǎλǝŋ_tŭt pet’a-j-en χɔt-a χɔj-ǝs
lightning pn - ep - poss .2 sg house- dat get- pst [3 sg ]
‘Lightning struck Petja’s house.’

Latin percello

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
duo fulmin-a dom-um me-am percul-eri-nt
two. nom . n lightning( n )- nom . pl house( f )- acc . sg my- acc . sg . f strike- prf . conj - act .3 pl
‘Two lightnings have struck my house.’
Note: (Liv. XLV, 41, 1)

Modern Hebrew paga

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
barak paga ba bajt
lightning hit[ pst .3 sg . m ] in+ def house
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Nanai tojko-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
agǯe tali-ni ǯoo-wa tojko-xa-ni
storm flash. npst - p .3 sg house- obl hit- pst - p .3 sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Nivkh juɣd

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
var̥par-d taf-tоχ j-uɣ-d
flash- nml house- dat / add 3 sg -enter- ind
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Norwegian Bokmål å treffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
lyn-et traff hus-et
lightning- def . n . sg hit. pst house- def . n . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Polish trafić

Valency pattern: NOM_wACC
X: NOM
Y: wACC
Locus: Y
piorun trafi-ł w dom
lightning[ nom . sg ] strike: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] in house[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Russian popastʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
molni-ja popa-l-a v dom
lightning( f )- nom . sg hit( pfv )- pst - f . sg in house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Rutul kiq’ɨra

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER
X: NOM
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
c’aj χal-ɨ-k k-iq’ɨ-r-a
fire( nom ) house- obl - inter pv -4.hit. pfv - cvb
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Serbian pogodila

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
munja je pogodi-la u kuću
молния. nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg попасть- part . perf . f . sg в дом- acc . sg
‘Молния попала в дом.’

Shughni δêdow1

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
otex̌ak=ta čīd δod
lightning= em house give. pst
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Skolt Saami kõõsksted

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
teârmmaztoll kõõskst-i põʹrtt-e
lightning. sg . nom flash- pst .3 sg house- sg . ill
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Slovenian udariti

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
v hiš-o je udari-l-a strel-a
in house- acc . sg aux .3 sg hit: pfv - lpt - f . sg lightning- nom . sg
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Spanish caer

Valency pattern: SBJ_en
X: SBJ
Y: en
Locus: Y
el rayo cay-ó en una casa
art . def . sg . m lightning[ sg . m ] fall- aor .3 sg in art . ndef . sg . f house[ sg . f ]
‘The lightning struck the house.’

Swedish att slå ner

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
blixt-en slog ner i hus-et
lightning- def . n . sg hit. pst down in house- def . n . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’
Note: Phrasal verb (ner is not a flagging device). An alternative is Blixten träffade huset (this transitive pattern is the default choice in most other situations where something hits the target).

Turkish düşmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
yıldırım ev-e düş-tü
lightning house- dat fall- pst
‘Lightning hit the house.’

Ulcha nāŋgu-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
agdi xagdu-wa nāŋgu-xa-n
thunder house- acc hit_target- pst -3 sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

Zilo Andi <b>-aχ.o-j

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
piri b-aχ.o-j reʃu-ʔa
lightning[ inan 1][ nom ] inan 1-end_up. pst - pf wood- super
‘The lightning fell on the tree.’