‘hit’
| Argument frame: | X (hit) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. hit M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | ударить |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (ударять) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. ударил М . |
Abaza sə
| Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| a-ʁa | a-phʷə́s | d-lə-s-ṭ |
| def -enemy | def -woman | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io -hit( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The enemy hit the woman.’ | ||
Aghul ačarx.u-
| Valency pattern: ERG_IN |
| X: ERG |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | meʜemed.i-ʔ | ačarx.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | pn - in | { in . lat }get. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan hit Muhammad.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic maxə
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| baxta | məxy-a-la | švot-o |
| woman( f ) | beat. pst - ss .3 f - ls .3 f | neighbour( f )- p .3 f |
| ‘The woman hit her neighbor.’ | ||
Brazilian Portuguese bater
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | bat-eu | em | Miguel |
| pn ( m ) | hit-3 sg . pst | in | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pedro hit Miguel.’ | |||
Catalan colpejar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | colpej-ar | en | Marc |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | hit- inf | def . sg . m | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pere hit Marc.’ | |||||
Czech uhodit
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | uhodi-l | Michal-a |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | pn ( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr hit Michal.’ | ||
Danish slå
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | slog | Marie |
| pn | hit. pst | pn |
| ‘Peter hit Marie.’ | ||
Dutch slagen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | Marie | ge-slag-en |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | pn ( c ) | ptcp -hit- ptcp |
| ‘Piet hit Marie.’ | |||
Estonian lööma
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | lõ-i | Mareti-t |
| pn . sg . nom | hit- pst .3 sg | pn - sg . part |
| ‘Peeter hit Maret.’ | ||
Finnish lyödä
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | löi | Matti-a |
| pn . nom | hit. pst .3 sg | pn - part |
| ‘Pekka hit Matti.’ | ||
Forest Enets dʲɔzi
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| vasʲa | modʲi | kasa-jʔ | dʲɔzie |
| pn | i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | hit( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘Vasja hit my friend’. | |||
German schlagen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | schlug | Marie |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | hit. pst .3 sg | pn [ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl hit Marie.’ | ||
Italian colpire
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | colpito | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | hit. pst . ptcp | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Leo hit Maria.’ | |||
Kazakh ur
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | Maša-nï | ur-dï |
| pn | pn - acc | hit- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya hit Masha.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty χǎtśǝti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | waśa-j-en | χǎtśǝ-s-λe |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .2 sg | hit- pst -3 sg . so |
| ‘Petja hit Vasja.’ | ||
Latin percutio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Torquat-us) | quod | vero | secur-i | percuss-it | fili-um |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | because | truly | axe( f )- abl . sg | hit[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg | son( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘... (Torquatus), when he indeed struck his son with a pole-axe...’ | |||||
| Note: (Cic. De Fin. I, 23) | |||||
Modern Hebrew hika
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | hika | et | Menaχem |
| pn | hit[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | pn |
| ‘Pinchas hit Menachem.’ | |||
Nanai pačila-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | pače.la-xa-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | hit. pfv - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia hit Masha.’ | ||
Nivkh zad
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | Irgun | + | za-d |
| pn | pn | + | hit- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik hit Irgun.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å slå
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | slo | Ola |
| pn | hit. pst | pn |
| ‘Per hit Ola.’ | ||
Polish uderzyć
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Franek | uderzy-ł | Andrzej-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | hit: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Franek hit Andrzej.’ | ||
Russian udaritʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | udari-l | Maš-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | pn ( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja hit Maša.’ | ||
Rutul liwxir
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUP.ELga |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUP.ELga |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | asijet-ɨ-la | ʁaʔ | li-w-xi-r |
| pn - erg | pn - obl ( sup )- el | on | pv -3-hit. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul hit Asijat.’ | |||
| Note: Agreement marker on the verb cross-references the understood argument ‘hand’ (3rd class). | |||
Serbian udario
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | udari-o | Marij-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | ударить- part . perf .М. sg | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Петар ударил Марию.’ | |||
Shughni δêdow1
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Šamil=i | Azim | δod |
| pn =3 sg | pn | give. pst |
| ‘Shamil hit Azim.’ | ||
Skolt Saami čormmeed
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | čormmi-i | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | hit- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete hit Maria’ | ||
Slovenian udariti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | udari-l | Pavl-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | hit: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Peter hit Pavel.’ | |||
Spanish dar un golpe
| Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: NDIR.OBJ |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | ha | da-do | un | golpe | a | María |
| pn [ sg . m ] | aux .3 sg | give- ptcp : prf | art . ndef . sg . m | strike[ sg . m ] | ndir . obj | pn [ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro hit Maria.’ | ||||||
Swedish att slå
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | slog | Maja |
| pn | hit. pst | pn |
| ‘Björn hit Maja.’ | ||
Turkish vurmak
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Orhan-a | vur-du |
| pn | pn - dat | strike- pst |
| ‘Mehmet hit Orhan.’ | ||
Ulcha pātila-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | ńima-nča-wa | pātila-xa-ni |
| father | neighbour- dem - acc | hit- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father hit the neighbor.’ | ||
Zilo Andi dʒab.i
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| ali-di | dʒab.i | muħammadi-ʔa |
| pn - erg | beat. pst ( aor ) | pn - super |
| ‘Ali hit Muhammad.’ | ||