‘hit’
| Argument frame: | X (hit) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. hit M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | ударить |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (ударять) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. ударил М . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| a-ʁa | a-phʷə́s | d-lə-s-ṭ |
| def -enemy | def -woman | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io -hit( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The enemy hit the woman.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_IN |
| X: ERG |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | meʜemed.i-ʔ | ačarx.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | pn - in | { in . lat }get. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan hit Muhammad.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| baxta | məxy-a-la | švot-o |
| woman( f ) | beat. pst - ss .3 f - ls .3 f | neighbour( f )- p .3 f |
| ‘The woman hit her neighbor.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | uhodi-l | Michal-a |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | pn ( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr hit Michal.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | löi | Matti-a |
| pn . nom | hit. pst .3 sg | pn - part |
| ‘Pekka hit Matti.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| vasʲa | modʲi | kasa-jʔ | dʲɔzie |
| pn | i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | hit( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘Vasja hit my friend’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Torquat-us) | qu-od | vero | secur-i | percuss-it | fili-um |
| Торкват( m )- nom . sg | conj | действительно | топор( f )- abl . sg | ударить[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg сын( m )- acc . sg | |
| ‘(Торкват), когда же ударил топором сына.’ | |||||
| Note: (Cic. De Fin. I, 23) | |||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | hika | et | Menaχem |
| pn | hit[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | pn |
| ‘Pinchas hit Menachem.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | pači.la-xa-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | ударять. pfv - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя ударил Машу.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | slo | Ola |
| pn | hit. pst | pn |
| ‘Per hit Ola.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Franek | uderzy-ł | Andrzej-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | ударить: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Франек ударил Анджея.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | udari-l | Maš-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | pn ( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja hit Maša.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUP.ELga |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUP.ELga |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | asijet-ɨ-la | ʁaʔ | li-w-xi-r |
| pn - erg | pn - obl ( sup )- el | on | pv -3-hit. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul hit Asijat.’ | |||
| Note: Agreement marker on the verb cross-references the understood argument ‘hand’ (3rd class). | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | čormmi-i | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | hit- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete hit Maria’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | je | udari-l | Pavl-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | hit: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | pn - acc . sg |
| ‘Peter hit Pavel.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | slog | Maja |
| pn | hit. pst | pn |
| ‘Björn hit Maja.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Orhan-a | vur-du |
| pn | pn - dat | strike- pst |
| ‘Mehmet hit Orhan.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | ńima-nča-wa | pātila-xa-ni |
| father | neighbour- dem - acc | hit- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father hit the neighbor.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| ali-di | dʒab.i | muħammadi-ʔa |
| pn - erg | beat. pst ( aor ) | pn - super |
| ‘Ali hit Muhammad.’ | ||