‘help’
| Argument frame: |
X
(help)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(M. didn’t manage to do her homework by herself.)
P.
helped
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
помочь
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(помогать)
Y
-у
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(М. не могла сама сделать домашнее задание).
П.
помог
М
.
|
Abaza
[c-]qraʕa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_COM
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| l-an |
zaréma |
də-l-c-qráʕa-d |
|
3
sg
.
f
.
io
-mother
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-
com
-help(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Mother helped Zarema.’ |
Aghul
kümek q’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a |
meʜemed.i-s |
kümek |
q’.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
pn
-
dat
|
help
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan helped Muhammad’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
avəd comac
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| +Ašur |
comac |
vəd-lə |
ka |
+xor-u |
|
pn
|
help(
f
)
|
do.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
to
|
friend(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur helped his friend.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
ajudou |
Miguel |
|
| ‘Педру помог Мигелу.’ |
Czech
pomoci
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
Michal-ovi |
pomoh-l |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
help(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petr helped Michal.’ |
Finnish
auttaa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
autt-oi |
Matti-a |
|
pn
.
nom
|
help-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
| ‘Pekka helped Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
pɛrezi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
vasʲa-da |
pɛrezie-za |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
pn
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
help(
pfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
| ‘My friend helped Vasja’. |
Latin
juvo
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Titian-um |
et |
Cels-um |
nox |
juv-it |
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
and
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
night(
f
).
nom
.
sg
|
help[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘The night helped Titian and Celsus.’ |
| Note: (Tac. Hist. II, 44, 12) |
Modern Hebrew
azar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
azar |
le |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
help[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas helped Menachem.’ |
Nanai
bələči-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
Maša-du |
bələči-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
help-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia helped Masha.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å hjelpe
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
hjalp |
Ola |
|
pn
|
help.
pst
|
pn
|
| ‘Per helped Ola.’ |
Polish
pomóc
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Stanisław |
pomóg-ł |
Roman-owi |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
help\
pst
:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Stanisław helped Roman.’ |
Russian
pomočʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
pomog |
Maš-e |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
help(
pfv
).
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja helped Maša.’ |
Rutul
kumag hɨɁɨra
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a |
nadir-ɨ-s |
kumag |
hɨɁɨ-r=a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
help(
nom
)
|
4.do.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul helped Nadir.’ |
Skolt Saami
vieʹǩǩted
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
vieʹǩǩt-i |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
help-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete helped Maria’ |
Slovenian
pomagati
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
je |
pomaga-l |
An-i |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
help:
pfv
/
ipfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter helped Ana.’ |
Swedish
att hjälpa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
hjälp-te |
Maja |
|
pn
|
help-
pst
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn helped Maja.’ |
Turkish
yardım etmek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
yardım |
et-ti |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
help
|
make-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet helped Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
bələči-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ti |
asi-n |
... |
ti |
ən-bə-n |
bələč-i, |
mama-wa |
bələč-i |
|
that
|
wife-3
sg
|
...
|
that
|
mother-
acc
-3
sg
|
help-
prs
|
old_woman-
acc
|
help-
prs
|
| ‘This wife of his helps his mother, helps the old woman.’ |
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. |
Zilo Andi
kumeki dʒid.i
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati-di |
marjamu-ɬu |
kumeki |
dʒid.i |
|
pn
-
erg
|
pn
.
obl
-
dat
|
help[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
make.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Patimat helped Mariam.’ |
