‘help’
| Argument frame: | X (help) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (M. didn’t manage to do her homework by herself.) P. helped M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | помочь |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (помогать) Y -у |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (М. не могла сама сделать домашнее задание). П. помог М . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_COM |
| X: ABS |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| l-an | zaréma | də-l-c-qráʕa-d |
| 3 sg . f . io -mother | pn | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io - com -help( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Mother helped Zarema.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_DAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a | meʜemed.i-s | kümek | q’.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | pn - dat | help | do. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan helped Muhammad’ | |||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_ka |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| +Ašur | comac | vəd-lə | ka | +xor-u |
| pn | help( f ) | do. pst - ls .3 m | to | friend( m )- p .3 m |
| ‘Ashur helped his friend.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | vasʲa-da | pɛrezie-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | pn - obl . sg .3 sg | help( pfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend helped Vasja’. | |||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_le |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | azar | le | Menaχem |
| pn | help[ pst .3 sg . m ] | to | pn |
| ‘Pinchas helped Menachem.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | Maša-du | bələči-xə-ni |
| pn | pn - dat | помогать- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя помог Маше.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | hjalp | Ola |
| pn | help. pst | pn |
| ‘Per helped Ola.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | pomog | Maš-e |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | help( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] | pn ( f )- dat . sg |
| ‘Petja helped Maša.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_DAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a | nadir-ɨ-s | kumag | hɨɁɨ-r=a |
| pn - erg | pn - obl - dat | help( nom ) | 4.do. pfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul helped Nadir.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | vieʹǩǩt-i | Määʹrj |
| pn . sg . nom | help- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . acc |
| ‘Pete helped Maria’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | je | pomaga-l | An-i |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | help: pfv / ipfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | pn - dat . sg |
| ‘Peter helped Ana.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | hjälp-te | Maja |
| pn | help- pst | pn |
| ‘Björn helped Maja.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Filiz-e | yardım | et-ti |
| pn | pn - dat | help | make- pst |
| ‘Mehmet helped Filiz.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ti | asi-n | ... | ti | ən-bə-n | bələč-i, | mama-wa | bələč-i |
| that | wife-3 sg | ... | that | mother- acc -3 sg | help- prs | old_woman- acc | help- prs |
| ‘This wife of his helps his mother, helps the old woman.’ | |||||||
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. | |||||||
| Valency pattern: ERG_DAT |
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati-di | marjamu-ɬu | kumeki | dʒid.i |
| pn - erg | pn . obl - dat | help[ inan 1][ nom ] | make. pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Patimat helped Mariam.’ | |||