‘hear’
Argument frame: |
X
(hear)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
hears
the music
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
слышать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(слышать)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
слышит
музыку
.
|
Abaza
ʕa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
fatíjma |
múzəka |
l-ʕ-əj-d |
pn
|
music
|
3
sg
.
f
.
erg
-hear-
prs
-
dcl
|
‘Fatima hears the music.’ |
Aghul
un-x.a-
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
muq’am-ar |
un-x.a-a |
pn
-
dat
|
tune-
pl
|
sound-become.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan hears the music.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+šammə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
+xor-i |
+bəšmay=əl |
zmarta |
friend(
m
)-
p
.1
sg
|
hear.
prog
=3
m
|
song(
f
)
|
‘My friend hears the song.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
ouvir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ouv-e |
música |
pn
(
m
)
|
hear-3
sg
.
prs
|
music(
f
)
|
‘Pedro hears the music.’ |
Catalan
escoltar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
escolt-a |
música |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
hear-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
music(
f
)
|
‘Pere hears the music.’ |
Czech
slyšet
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
slyší |
hudb-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hear(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
music(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr hears the music.’ |
Danish
høre
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
høre-r |
musikk-en |
pn
|
hear-
prs
|
music(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter hears the music.’ |
Dutch
horen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
hoor-t |
muziek |
pn
(
c
)
|
hear-3
sg
|
music(
c
)
|
‘Piet hears the music.’ |
Estonian
kuulma
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
kuule-b |
muusika-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
hear-
prs
.3
sg
|
music-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter hears the music.’ |
Finnish
kuulla
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
kuul-ee |
musiiki-n |
pn
.
nom
|
hear-
prs
.3
sg
|
music-
gen
|
‘Pekka hears the music.’ |
Forest Enets
nɔdos
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
entʃeu |
soo-ʔ |
nɔdoʔɔ |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
person.
obl
|
throat-
pl
|
hear(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend hears human voices’. |
German
hören
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
hör-t |
Musik |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hear-
prs
.3
sg
|
music[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl hears the music.’ |
Italian
sentire
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
sent-e |
la |
music-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
hear-3
sg
.
prs
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
music-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo hears the music.’ |
Kazakh
est
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
muwzïka-nï |
est-іp |
tur |
pn
|
music-
acc
|
hear-
cvb
|
stand.3
sg
|
‘Petya hears the music.’ |
Kazym Khanty
χǫλti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
amp |
χǒrtǝpsi |
χǫλ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
dog
|
barking
|
hear.
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja hears the barking.’ |
Latin
audio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
audi-a-t |
optat-os |
semper |
amic-a |
son-os |
hear-
prs
.
sbjv
-
act
.3
sg
|
desired-
acc
.
pl
.
m
|
always
|
girlfriend(
f
)-
nom
.
sg
|
sound(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
‘Let the girlfriend always hear desired sounds.’ |
Note: (Ov. Ars Amatoria. II, 156) |
Modern Hebrew
shomea
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
shomea |
et |
ha |
muzika |
pn
|
hear[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
music
|
‘Pinchas hears the music.’ |
Nanai
dolǯ-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
muzəka-wə |
dolǯi-ni |
pn
|
music-
obl
|
hear.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia hears the music.’ |
Nivkh
məd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
lu |
+ |
mə-d |
pn
|
song
|
+
|
listen-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik hears the song.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å høre
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
høre-r |
musikk |
pn
|
hear-
prs
|
music
|
‘Per hears the music.’ |
Polish
słyszeć
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Ann-a |
słyszy |
muzyk-ę |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
hear:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
music-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Anna hears the music.’ |
Russian
slyšatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
slyš-it |
muzyk-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
hear(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
music(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja hears the music.’ |
Rutul
ses ruɁur
Valency pattern:
DAT_ATTR
|
X: DAT |
Y: ATTR |
Locus: XY |
rasul-u-s |
maˁʔnij-mɨ-d |
ses |
ruɁu-r |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
song-
pl
.
obl
-
attr
|
sound(
nom
)
|
4.go.
ipfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul hears the music.’ |
Serbian
čuje
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
čuje |
muzik-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
слышать.
prs
.3
sg
|
музыка-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар слышит музыку.’ |
Shughni
x̌īdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim |
soz |
x̌īn-t |
pn
|
song
|
hear-3
sg
|
‘Azim hears the music.’ |
Skolt Saami
kuullâd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
kooll |
musiikk |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
hear.
prs
.3
sg
|
music.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete hears the music.’ |
Slovenian
slišati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a |
sliši |
glasb-o |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
hear:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
music-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Ana hears the music.’ |
Spanish
oír
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
oy-e |
la |
música |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
hear-
prs
.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
music[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro hears the music.’ |
Swedish
att höra
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
hör |
musik-en |
pn
|
hear.
prs
|
music-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn hears the music.’ |
Turkish
duymak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
müziğ-i |
duy-uyor |
pn
|
music-
acc
|
hear-
prs
|
‘Mehmet hears the music.’ |
Ulcha
doldi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ama |
min |
jaja-wa-je |
dold-i-ni |
father
|
my
|
song-
acc
-1
sg
|
hear-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Father hears my song.’ |
Zilo Andi
anɬ.i-r
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
X: AFF |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ali-<b>o |
anɬ.i-r |
ketʃ’ibaqχ’an |
pn
-
aff
<
inan
1>
|
hear.
pst
-
prog
|
song+melody[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
‘Ali hears the music.’ |