‘have (illness)’
Argument frame: |
X
(have)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
has
the flu
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
болеть#болезнью#
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(болеть)
Y
-ом
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
болеет
гриппом
.
|
Abaza
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Aghul
x.u-
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
stalǯam |
x.u-naa |
pn
-
dat
|
pneumonia
|
become.
pf
-
prf
|
‘Aslan has pneumonia.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+marrə
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bi |
Locus: Y |
brata |
+mrit=əla |
bi |
gripp |
girl(
f
)
|
ache.
res
.
f
=3
f
|
with
|
flu(
m
)
|
‘The girl has the flu.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Brazilian Portuguese
estar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_com
|
X: SBJ |
Y: com |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
está |
com |
gripe |
pn
(
m
)
|
cop
_
prog
.3
sg
.
prs
|
with
|
flu(
f
)
|
‘Pedro has a flu.’ |
Catalan
tenir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
té |
la |
grip |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
have.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
flu(
f
)
|
‘Pere has the flu.’ |
Czech
mít
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
má |
chřipk-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
have(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
flu(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr has the flu.’ |
Danish
have
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
ha-r |
kræft |
pn
|
have-
prs
|
cancer(
c
)
|
‘Peter has cancer.' |
Dutch
hebben
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
de |
griep |
pn
(С)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
flu(
c
)
|
‘Piet has the flu.’ |
Estonian
olema
Valency pattern:
ADESS_NOM
|
X: ADESS |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peetri-l |
on |
gripp |
pn
-
adess
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
flu.
sg
.
nom
|
‘Peeter has the flu.’ |
Finnish
olla
Valency pattern:
ADE_NOM
|
X: ADE |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peka-lla |
on |
flunssa |
pn
-
ade
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
flu.
nom
|
‘Pekka has the flu.’ |
Forest Enets
kader
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
kasa-jʔ |
gripo-xon |
kadeŋa |
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
flu-
loc
.
sg
|
be_ill(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend has the flu’. |
German
erkranken
Valency pattern:
NOM_anDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: anDAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
ist |
an |
Grippe |
erkrankt |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
at
|
flu[
dat
.
sg
]
|
get_sick.
ptcp
2
|
‘Karl has the flu.’ |
Italian
avere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
l’ |
influenz-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.3
sg
.
prs
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
flu-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo has a flu.’ |
Kazakh
awïr
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
tumaw |
awïrw-ï-men |
awïr-adï |
pn
|
flu
|
illness-
poss
3-
ins
|
ache-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya has a flu.’ |
Kazym Khanty
mǫšǝtti
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
pet'a-j-en |
grip |
mǫš-ǝn |
mǫšǝt-ǝλ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
flu
|
illness-
loc
|
be_ill-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja has the flu.’ |
Note: Some speakers disallow overt expression of Y. |
Latin
aegroto
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
natur-a |
su-is-met |
aegrota-t |
morb-is |
nature(
f
)-
nom
.
sg
|
one’s_own-
abl
.
pl
-
ints
|
be_ill[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
disease(
m
)-
abl
.
pl
|
‘The nature suffers from its own diseases.’ |
Note: (Man. 5, 215) |
Modern Hebrew
jeʃ
Valency pattern:
le_SBJ
|
X: le |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
le |
Pinχas |
jeʃ |
ʃapaat |
to
|
pn
|
there.is[
prs
]
|
flu
|
‘Pinchas has the flu.’ |
Nanai
ənusi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
grippa-ǯi |
ənu.si-ni |
pn
|
flu-
ins
|
be_sick.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia has the flu.’ |
Nivkh
qоd
Valency pattern:
SBJ_INS
|
X: SBJ |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Largun |
gripp-ɣir̥ |
qо-d |
pn
|
flu-
ins
|
be.sick-
ind
|
‘Largun has the flu.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ha
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
ha-r |
influensa |
pn
|
have-
prs
|
flu
|
‘Per has the flu.’ |
Polish
chorować
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Michał |
choruje |
na |
gryp-ę |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be_ill:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
on
|
flu-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Michał has the flu.’ |
Russian
boletʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
bole-et |
gripp-om |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
be_ill(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
flu(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petja has the flu.’ |
Rutul
jiˁχɨˁra
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-u-s |
grip |
jiˁχɨˁ-r=a |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
influenza(
nom
)
|
4.hit.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Rasul has the flu.’ |
Serbian
ima
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
ima |
grip |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
иметь.
prs
.3
sg
|
грипп.
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар болеет гриппом.’ |
Shughni
vidow
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Lola-yand |
rāk |
kasali |
pn
-
loc
|
cancer
|
illness
|
‘Lola has cancer.’ |
Note: In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami
leeʹd
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peâtt-ast |
lij |
nuõpp-kõpp |
pn
-
sg
.
loc
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
cold(disease)-disease.
sg
.
nom
|
‘Pete has the flu.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Slovenian
imeti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a |
ima |
grip-o |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
have:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
flu-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Ana has the flu.’ |
Spanish
tener
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
tien-e |
la |
gripe |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
have-
prs
.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
flu[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro has a flu.’ |
Swedish
att ha
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
ha-r |
influensa |
pn
|
have-
prs
|
flu
|
‘Björn has the flu.’ |
Turkish
grip olmak
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Mehmed-ın |
grib-i |
var |
pn
-
gen
|
flu-
p
.3
|
there_is
|
‘Mehmet has the flu.’ |
Ulcha
ənusi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
xusə |
piktə |
ərgə |
ənu-ǯi-n |
ənu-s-i-n |
male
|
child
|
breath
|
illness-
ins
-3
sg
|
be_ill-
ipfv
-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘The boy has tuberculosis.’ |
Zilo Andi
ruqχ’udo
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
X: NOM |
Y: COM |
Locus: Y |
ali |
ruqχ’udo |
honqχisːol=loj |
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
being_ill
|
influenza=
com
|
‘Ali has the flu.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |