BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘have (illness)’

Argument frame: X (have) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. has the flu .
Predicate label Ru: болеть#болезнью#
Argument frame Ru: X (болеть) Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. болеет гриппом .

Abaza *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Aghul x.u-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s stalǯam x.u-naa
pn - dat pneumonia become. pf - prf
‘Aslan has pneumonia.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +marrə

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
brata +mrit=əla bi gripp
girl( f ) ache. res . f =3 f with flu( m )
‘The girl has the flu.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Brazilian Portuguese estar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro está com gripe
pn ( m ) cop _ prog .3 sg . prs with flu( f )
‘Pedro has a flu.’

Catalan tenir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere la grip
def . sg . m pn ( m ) have.3 sg . prs . ind def . sg . f flu( f )
‘Pere has the flu.’

Czech mít

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr chřipk-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg flu( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr has the flu.’

Danish have

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter ha-r kræft
pn have- prs cancer( c )
‘Peter has cancer.'

Dutch hebben

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de griep
pn (С) have.3 sg art . def . c flu( c )
‘Piet has the flu.’

Estonian olema

Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM
X: ADESS
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peetri-l on gripp
pn - adess be. prs .3 sg flu. sg . nom
‘Peeter has the flu.’

Finnish olla

Valency pattern: ADE_NOM
X: ADE
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peka-lla on flunssa
pn - ade be. prs .3 sg flu. nom
‘Pekka has the flu.’

Forest Enets kader

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
kasa-jʔ gripo-xon kadeŋa
man- nom . sg .1 sg flu- loc . sg be_ill( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend has the flu’.

German erkranken

Valency pattern: NOM_anDAT
X: NOM
Y: anDAT
Locus: Y
Karl ist an Grippe erkrankt
pn [ nom . sg ] be. prs .3 sg at flu[ dat . sg ] get_sick. ptcp 2
‘Karl has the flu.’

Italian avere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha l’ influenz-a
pn ( m ) have.3 sg . prs def . sg . f flu- sg . f
‘Leo has a flu.’

Kazakh awïr

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petya tumaw awïrw-ï-men awïr-adï
pn flu illness- poss 3- ins ache- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya has a flu.’

Kazym Khanty mǫšǝtti

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
pet'a-j-en grip mǫš-ǝn mǫšǝt-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg flu illness- loc be_ill- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja has the flu.’
Note: Some speakers disallow overt expression of Y.

Latin aegroto

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
natur-a su-is-met aegrota-t morb-is
nature( f )- nom . sg one’s_own- abl . pl - ints be_ill[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg disease( m )- abl . pl
‘The nature suffers from its own diseases.’
Note: (Man. 5, 215)

Modern Hebrew jeʃ

Valency pattern: le_SBJ
X: le
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
le Pinχas jeʃ ʃapaat
to pn there.is[ prs ] flu
‘Pinchas has the flu.’

Nanai ənusi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petia grippa-ǯi ənu.si-ni
pn flu- ins be_sick. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia has the flu.’

Nivkh qоd

Valency pattern: SBJ_INS
X: SBJ
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Largun gripp-ɣir̥ qо-d
pn flu- ins be.sick- ind
‘Largun has the flu.’

Norwegian Bokmål å ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ha-r influensa
pn have- prs flu
‘Per has the flu.’

Polish chorować

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Michał choruje na gryp-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] be_ill: ipfv . prs .3 sg on flu- acc . sg
‘Michał has the flu.’

Russian boletʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet-ja bole-et gripp-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_ill( ipfv )- prs .3 sg flu( m )- ins . sg
‘Petja has the flu.’

Rutul jiˁχɨˁra

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s grip jiˁχɨˁ-r=a
pn - obl - dat influenza( nom ) 4.hit. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul has the flu.’

Serbian ima

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar ima grip
pn . nom . sg иметь. prs .3 sg грипп. acc . sg
‘Петар болеет гриппом.’

Shughni vidow

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Lola-yand rāk kasali
pn - loc cancer illness
‘Lola has cancer.’
Note: In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt.

Skolt Saami leeʹd

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peâtt-ast lij nuõpp-kõpp
pn - sg . loc be. prs .3 sg cold(disease)-disease. sg . nom
‘Pete has the flu.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Slovenian imeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
An-a ima grip-o
pn - nom . sg have: ipfv . prs .3 sg flu- acc . sg
‘Ana has the flu.’

Spanish tener

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro tien-e la gripe
pn [ sg . m ] have- prs .3 sg art . def . sg . f flu[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro has a flu.’

Swedish att ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn ha-r influensa
pn have- prs flu
‘Björn has the flu.’

Turkish grip olmak

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Mehmed-ın grib-i var
pn - gen flu- p .3 there_is
‘Mehmet has the flu.’

Ulcha ənusi-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
xusə piktə ərgə ənu-ǯi-n ənu-s-i-n
male child breath illness- ins -3 sg be_ill- ipfv - prs -3 sg
‘The boy has tuberculosis.’

Zilo Andi ruqχ’udo

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
ali ruqχ’udo honqχisːol=loj
pn [ m ][ nom ] being_ill influenza= com
‘Ali has the flu.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.