‘have (illness)’
| Argument frame: | X (have) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. has the flu . |
| Predicate label Ru: | болеть#болезнью# |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (болеть) Y -ом |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. болеет гриппом . |
Abaza *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Aghul x.u-
| Valency pattern: DAT_ABS |
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s | stalǯam | x.u-naa |
| pn - dat | pneumonia | become. pf - prf |
| ‘Aslan has pneumonia.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +marrə
| Valency pattern: SBJ_bi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bi |
| Locus: Y |
| brata | +mrit=əla | bi | gripp |
| girl( f ) | ache. res . f =3 f | with | flu( m ) |
| ‘The girl has the flu.’ | |||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | |||
Brazilian Portuguese estar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_com |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | está | com | gripe |
| pn ( m ) | cop _ prog .3 sg . prs | with | flu( f ) |
| ‘Pedro has a flu.’ | |||
Catalan tenir
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | té | la | grip |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs . ind | def . sg . f | flu( f ) |
| ‘Pere has the flu.’ | ||||
Czech mít
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | má | chřipk-u |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | flu( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr has the flu.’ | ||
Danish have
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | ha-r | kræft |
| pn | have- prs | cancer( c ) |
| ‘Peter has cancer.' | ||
Dutch hebben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | de | griep |
| pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . def . c | flu( c ) |
| ‘Piet has the flu.’ | |||
Estonian olema
| Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM |
| X: ADESS |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peetri-l | on | gripp |
| pn - adess | be. prs .3 sg | flu. sg . nom |
| ‘Peeter has the flu.’ | ||
Finnish olla
| Valency pattern: ADE_NOM |
| X: ADE |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peka-lla | on | flunssa |
| pn - ade | be. prs .3 sg | flu. nom |
| ‘Pekka has the flu.’ | ||
Forest Enets kader
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| kasa-jʔ | gripo-xon | kadeŋa |
| man- nom . sg .1 sg | flu- loc . sg | be_ill( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend has the flu’. | ||
German erkranken
| Valency pattern: NOM_anDAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: anDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | ist | an | Grippe | erkrankt |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | be. prs .3 sg | at | flu[ dat . sg ] | get_sick. ptcp 2 |
| ‘Karl has the flu.’ | ||||
Italian avere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | l’ | influenz-a |
| pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs | def . sg . f | flu- sg . f |
| ‘Leo has a flu.’ | |||
Kazakh awïr
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | tumaw | awïrw-ï-men | awïr-adï |
| pn | flu | illness- poss 3- ins | ache- prs 2.3 sg |
| ‘Petya has a flu.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty mǫšǝtti
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| pet'a-j-en | grip | mǫš-ǝn | mǫšǝt-ǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | flu | illness- loc | be_ill- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja has the flu.’ | |||
| Note: Some speakers disallow overt expression of Y. | |||
Latin aegroto
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| natur-a | su-is-met | aegrota-t | morb-is |
| nature( f )- nom . sg | one’s_own- abl . pl - ints | be_ill[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg | disease( m )- abl . pl |
| ‘The nature suffers from its own diseases.’ | |||
| Note: (Man. 5, 215) | |||
Modern Hebrew jeʃ
| Valency pattern: le_SBJ |
| X: le |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| le | Pinχas | jeʃ | ʃapaat |
| to | pn | there.is[ prs ] | flu |
| ‘Pinchas has the flu.’ | |||
Nanai ənusi-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | grippa-ǯi | ənu.si-ni |
| pn | flu- ins | be_sick. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia has the flu.’ | ||
Nivkh qоd
| Valency pattern: SBJ_INS |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Largun | gripp-ɣir̥ | qо-d |
| pn | flu- ins | be.sick- ind |
| ‘Largun has the flu.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å ha
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | ha-r | influensa |
| pn | have- prs | flu |
| ‘Per has the flu.’ | ||
Polish chorować
| Valency pattern: NOM_naACC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: naACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał | choruje | na | gryp-ę |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | be_ill: ipfv . prs .3 sg | on | flu- acc . sg |
| ‘Michał has the flu.’ | |||
Russian boletʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | bole-et | gripp-om |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | be_ill( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | flu( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petja has the flu.’ | ||
Rutul jiˁχɨˁra
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s | grip | jiˁχɨˁ-r=a |
| pn - obl - dat | influenza( nom ) | 4.hit. pfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul has the flu.’ | ||
Serbian ima
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | ima | grip |
| pn . nom . sg | иметь. prs .3 sg | грипп. acc . sg |
| ‘Петар болеет гриппом.’ | ||
Shughni vidow
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Lola-yand | rāk | kasali |
| pn - loc | cancer | illness |
| ‘Lola has cancer.’ | ||
| Note: In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. | ||
Skolt Saami leeʹd
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peâtt-ast | lij | nuõpp-kõpp |
| pn - sg . loc | be. prs .3 sg | cold(disease)-disease. sg . nom |
| ‘Pete has the flu.’ | ||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||
Slovenian imeti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | ima | grip-o |
| pn - nom . sg | have: ipfv . prs .3 sg | flu- acc . sg |
| ‘Ana has the flu.’ | ||
Spanish tener
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | tien-e | la | gripe |
| pn [ sg . m ] | have- prs .3 sg | art . def . sg . f | flu[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro has a flu.’ | |||
Swedish att ha
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | ha-r | influensa |
| pn | have- prs | flu |
| ‘Björn has the flu.’ | ||
Turkish grip olmak
| Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Mehmed-ın | grib-i | var |
| pn - gen | flu- p .3 | there_is |
| ‘Mehmet has the flu.’ | ||
Ulcha ənusi-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| xusə | piktə | ərgə | ənu-ǯi-n | ənu-s-i-n |
| male | child | breath | illness- ins -3 sg | be_ill- ipfv - prs -3 sg |
| ‘The boy has tuberculosis.’ | ||||
Zilo Andi ruqχ’udo
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | ruqχ’udo | honqχisːol=loj |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | being_ill | influenza= com |
| ‘Ali has the flu.’ | ||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||