BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘have enough’

Argument frame: X (have enough) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. has found a new job.) Now P. has enough money .
Predicate label Ru: быть достаточно
Argument frame Ru: X -у (хватать) Y -а
Stimulus sentence Ru: ( П. нашел новую работу. Теперь) П. хватает денег .

Abaza [z-]qa

Valency pattern: BEN_ABS
X: BEN
Y: ABS
Locus: X
wəẑə́ zaréma l-áχč’a lə-z-q-ə́j-ṭ
now pn 3 sg . f . io -money 3 sg . f . io - ben -be_enough- prs - dcl
‘Now Zarema has enough money.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) f-jə-qʷə

Valency pattern: BEN_ABS
X: BEN
Y: ABS
Locus: X
pŝaŝe-m ʔaχčʼe fə-r-j-e-qʷə
girl- obl money( abs ) ben - lnk - loc : cont - dyn -be_enough
‘The girl has enough money.’

Aghul hurk’.a-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s pul hurk’.a-a
pn - dat money suffice. ipf - prs
‘Aslan has enough money.’

Alik Kryz surq'vic

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
terlan pul surq'var-e
pn ( gen ) money reach. ipfv - prs . n
‘Terlan has enough money.’
Note: The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked.

Archi

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimal-li-s arsi aχˁ-ši
pn - obl - dat money be.enough- cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘Patimat has enough money.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xazə

Valency pattern: ka_SBJ
X: ka
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
adi zuyzə ka brata bəxzay=əna
now money( pl ) to girl( f ) see. prog =3 pl
‘Now the girl has enough money.’

Avar ʕeze

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕali-e ʕarac ʕol-e-b b-ugo
pn - dat silver reach. ipf - ptcp - n n - cop
‘Ali has enough money.’

Azerbaijani çatmaq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Aslan-ın bu saat pul-u çat-ır
pn - gen this moment money- poss 3 reach- ipfv (3)
‘Now Aslan has enough money.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument.

Bambara bɔ́

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ
X: DO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
wári` ye Sékù bɔ́
money\ art pfv . tr pn go.out
‘Seku has enough money.’

Brazilian Portuguese ter

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
agora Pedro tem dinheiro
now pn ( m ) have.3 sg . prs money( m )
‘Now Pedro has money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation is semantically inaccurate.

Catalan tenir prou

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ara en Pere té prou diner-s
now def . sg . m pn ( m ) have.3 sg . prs . ind enough money( m - pl )
‘Now Pere has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Chirag zar-b-aʁi

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ʡa̰li-l-i arc zar-d-irʁ-le
pn - obl - super money( abs ) be.enough- n . pl - lv : ipf - dur . prs .3
‘Ali has enough money.’

Czech mít dost

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
konečně má Petr dost peněz
finally have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] enough money( m )[ gen . pl ]
‘Finally Petr has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Danish have nok

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Nu ha-r Peter penge nok
now have- prs pn money( c ). pl enough
‘Now Peter has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Dutch genoeg … hebben

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Piet heeft genoeg geld
pn (С) have.3 sg enough money( n )
‘Piet has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Eastern Maninka yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: kun_SBJ
X: kun
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
à bálo` yé à kùn
3 sg food\ art be 3 sg on
‘He has enough food.’
Note: Non-verbal predication. The experiencer is first expressed as a possessor within the subject NP and then resumed as the object of a postposition.

English have enough

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Now Peter has enough money.
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Estonian piisavalt olema

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nüüd on Peetri-l piisavalt raha
now be. prs .3 sg pn - adess enough money. sg . part
‘Now Peeter has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + NP-internal component).

Finnish tarpeeksi + COP

Valency pattern: ADE_PART
X: ADE
Y: PART
Locus: XY
Peka-lla on tarpeeksi raha-a
pn - ade be. prs .3 sg enough money- part
‘Pekka has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Forest Enets tɔɔri

Valency pattern: TOP_NOM
X: TOP
Y: NOM
Locus: X
modʲi kasa-jʔ bɛʃi-za tɔɔri-ʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg iron- nom . pl .3 sg be_enough( ipfv )-3 pl . s
‘My friend has enough money’.

French avoir assez

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
maintenant Paul a assez d’ argent
now pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg enough of money( m )
‘Now Paul has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + NP-internal component).

Georgian Ø-q'-op-n-i-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s pul-i Ø-q'-op-n-i-s
pn - dat money- nom io 3-suffice- r . ext - stat - sm - s 3 sg
‘Petre has enough money.’

German reichen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
das Geld reich-t Karl
def . n . nom . sg money[ nom . sg ] suffice- prs .3 sg pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl has enough money.’

Guinean Kpelle káa … kɛ́nɛ

Valency pattern: yei_SBJ
X: yei
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
wálî káa Pépèe yéì kɛ́nɛ
money cop pn hand. loc many
‘Pepee has much money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Icari Dargwa či-hatː-iq-araj

Valency pattern: SUPLAT_ABS
X: SUPLAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-lij arc či-hatː-iq-a-ca=d
pn - suplat money. abs on - up -suffice: ipf - prs - cop = npl
‘Islam has enough money.’

Irish bí dothain

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Tá a dhothain airgid aige Pól.
be. prs poss .3 sg . m enough money. gs at pn
‘Pól has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Italian bastare

Valency pattern: a_SBJ
X: a
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo bast-ano i sold-i
to pn ( m ) be_enough-3 pl . prs def . pl . m money- pl . m
‘Leo has enough money.’

Kadar Dargwa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
meħamad-i-s arc d-iʁ-ur
pn - obl - dat money npl reach. ipfv - th
‘Muhammad has enough money.’

Kalderash Romani arəsəl

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
les-te arəs-əl les love
he- loc suffice- prs .3 sg he. cl money[ nom . pl ]
‘He has enough money.’
Note:

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
fatima.ji-z pul hu<b>k’-ra
pn - dat money( abs ) < n . sg >be.enough- prs
‘Fatima has enough money.’

Karata beʔwanɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕalja ʕarse b-eʔ-unda idja
pn . dat money n -be_enough- ipf cop
‘Ali has enough money.’

Kaytag Dargwa č:ihaqara

Valency pattern: DATLAT_NOM
X: DATLAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
na petja-j č:ihiq-ulca arc
now pn - datlat be_enough. ipf - prs money
‘Now Petja has enough money.’

Kazakh žet

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ɣa aqša žet-edі
pn - dat money be_enough- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya has enough money.’

Kazym Khanty tărəmti + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
petˊa-j-en wŏχ-ǝn tărəm-λ-a
pn - ep - poss .2 sg money- loc suffice- npst - pass [3 sg ]
‘Petja has enough money.’
Note: This is a passive construction, more natural here (cf. 56 for an active construction).

Khoekhoe ūhâ

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sara-s ge nēsisa ǂâusa mari-i-a ūhâ
pn -3 f . sg decl now enough money-3 c . sg - obl have
‘Now Sara has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Khwarshi muwa

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
di-l žu os muwa-ha
1 sg . o - dat dem . an . abs . prox money( iii ) be.enough- prs
‘I have enough money.’

Kina Rutul ʁejq’ara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s šiɁi-bɨr ʁe-jq’a-r=a
pn - obl - dat money- pl ( nom ) pv - npl .be.enough. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul has enough money.’

Kumyk jetišmek

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
basir-ni aqča-sɨ jet-iš-e
pn - gen money-3 sg arrive- rec -3 sg
‘Basir has enough money.’

Latin satis + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
dict-um sapient-i satis est
said- nom . sg . n wise- dat . sg enough be. prs . ind . act .3 sg
‘A word is enough to the wise.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Pl. Per. 729)

Laz o-nč'-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Käzim-i-s pa(r)a-Ø ei-Ø-o-nč'-un-Ø
pn - b - dat money- nom prv - io 3- ver : sup -have_enough- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Käzim has enough money.’

Mandarin Chinese yǒu zúgòu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Zhāngsān xiànzài yǒu le zúgòu-de qián
pn now have pfv enough- de money
‘Now Zhangsan has enough money .’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination, predicate + adnominal modifier.

Mano kɛ̄

Valency pattern: kele_SBJ
X: kele
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
wɛ́lì lɛ̄ ŋ̄ kɛ̀lɛ̀
money 3 sg . exi 1 sg pstp hand
‘I have money.’
Note: Existential construction. Under specific circumstances, the verb 'to be' (kɛ̄) has a zero form.

Mehweb

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
hanna il-li-s arc d-elʔ-an
now this- obl - dat money npl -suffice: ipfv - hab
‘Now he has enough money.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-baγ-u(n)-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s para-Ø Ø-o-baγ-u(n)-Ø
pn - dat money- nom io 3- ver : sup -be_enough- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo has enough money.’

Modern Hebrew *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
aχʃav jeʃ le Pinχas maspik kesef
now there.is[ prs ] to pn enough money
‘Now Pinchas has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier). Non-verbal predicate.

Mukhad Rutul ʁijq'ın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s šiji-bır ʁijq'a-ra
pn - obl - dat rouble( a )- pl . nom n .come_on. ipf - hab
‘Murad has enough money.’

Nanai ələ

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
mindu suə=də ələ
i . dat you= part . emph be_enough
≈ ‘It is sufficient for me to have you.’ (lit. ‘You are enough for me.’)
Note: Children ask their mother for a little brother and she answers: ...

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Akhvakh miq’q’unuƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patħudi-ƛa miq’q’w-ene gwe ači
pn - dat n .be_enough- simul n . cop silver
‘Pathudi has enough money.’

Northern Mansi towlawe

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
am ōln-əl towl-awe-m
i money- ins suffice- pass - npst .1 sg
‘I have enough money.’
Note: This is a passive construction.

Northern Yukaghir ködinˈgurčī=

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sǝmiǝn nˈа̄wǝ-j kirpīčǝ-gi ködi-nˈ-gurči-č
pn be.white- ptcl brick- poss .3 man- dat -become- intr .3 sg
‘Semien has enough white bricks.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Norwegian Bokmål å ha nok

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nå ha-r Per nok peng-er
now have- prs pn enough money- pl
‘Now Per has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Polish wystarczać

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Anni-e wystarcza pieniędz-y
pn - dat . sg suffice: ipfv . prs .3 sg money- gen . pl
‘Anna has enough money.’

Russian xvatatʹ

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Pet-e xvata-et deneg
pn ( m )- dat . sg suffice( ipfv )- prs .3 sg money[ gen . pl ]
‘Petja has enough money.’

Serbian imati dovoljno

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petar ima dovoljno novc-a
pn . nom . sg have. prs .3 sg enough money- gen . sg
‘Petar has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + NP-internal component).

Shinaz Rutul ʁejq'ɨ-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
basir-ɨs šehi-bɨr ʁejq'ɨ-j
pn - dat coin- pl . nom n .be_enough. pf - aor . n
‘Basir has enough money.’

Shughni firīptow

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Ahmed-and wi pūl wi-rd firop-t
pn - loc d 3. m . sg . obl money d 3. m . sg . obl - lat reach-3 sg
‘Ahmed has enough money.’

Skolt Saami leeʹd nokk

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ååʹn Peâtt-ast lie nokk tieʹǧǧ
now pn - sg . loc be. prs .3 pl enough money. pl . nom
‘Now Pete has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Slovak mať dosť

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Teraz má Peter dosť peňazí
now have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] enough money( m )[ gen . pl ]
‘Now Peter has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Slovenian imeti dovolj

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
An-a ima dovolj denarj-a
pn - nom . sg have: ipfv . prs .3 sg enough money- gen . sg
‘Ana has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Sorani Kurdish beʂ hebûn

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ
X: EXT
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
êsta Hîwa beʂ-î xoî pare=î he-ye
now pn share- izf himself money=3 sg . pc exist -be. prs .3 sg
‘Now Hiwa has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The 3SG.PC morpheme indexes the non-canonical subject of a clausal expression of possession, emotion or cognition (in any tense). Lit. ≈ ‘Now Hiwa there is money for his share’.

Southern Rutul ğeyq'ın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s tanga-bı ğeyirq'a-r
pn - obl - dat money- pl . nom n . ipf .be_enough- prs
‘Now Murad has enough money.’

Spanish alcanzar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Pedro le alcanz-a el dinero
ndir . obj pn [ sg . m ] he. ndir . obj reach- prs .3 sg art . def . sg . m money[ sg . m ]
‘Now Pedro has enough money.’

Standard Arabic kāfin

Valency pattern: liGEN_NOM
X: liGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
li=Badr-i-n nuqūd-u-n kāfiy-at-u-n
to= pn - gen - indef money. pl - nom - indef sufficient- f - nom - indef
‘Badr has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Svan

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
maizer-s k-a-x-aː-r warčxil-Ø
pn - dat money- nom prv : outward - prv : dist - io 3- ver : sup -have
‘Maizer has/will have enough money.’
Note: 1. This root is used to mark alienable possession. 2. The presense of the preverb ka- makes both present and future readings possible.

Swedish att ha tillräckligt

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nu ha-r Björn tillräckligt med pengar
now have- prs pn enough with money
‘Now Björn has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: SBJNV_BARE
X: SBJNV
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
May sapat na pera na si Pedro
exist enough lin money already pers . subj pn
‘Pedro now has enough money.’

Telugu saripōyē uṁḍu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ippuḍu pravīṇ-ki saripōyē aṁta ḍabbu-l' unnāyi
now pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat be_enough. ptcp . npst that_much money( n )- pl . nom be. prs .3 pl . n
‘Now Praveen has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Tsakhur yettığda ıхhay

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
murad-ı-qha yettığ-ın pıl vo-dun
pn - obl - lat enough- n money cop - n . n
‘Murad has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Tsudakhar Dargwa b-eʁ-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
uršːi-z arc d-eʁ-ule=sad
boy- dat money npl -be.enough. ipfv - prog . cnv = cop : npl (3)
‘The boy has enough money.’

Tsugni Dargwa b-eʁ-i / b-irʁ-i

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
durħaˤ-j arc d-irʁ-ule=cadi
boy- dat money npl -be.enough. ipfv - cnv . prog = cop : npl (3)
‘The boy has enough money.’

Turkish yetmek

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Mehmed-e para şimdi yet-iyor
pn - dat money now be_enough- prs
‘Now Mehmet has enough money.’

Turoyo makfe

Valency pattern: IO_SBJ
X: IO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
az zuz-e d Gabriyel ko-makfəl-le=ne uʕdo
art . pl money- pl rel pn prs -be_enough. ipfv .3 pl - ls .3 m = cop .3 pl now
‘Now Gabriyel has enough money’.
Note: X is first expressed as a possessor within the subject NP and then resumed as the indirect object.

Ulcha isi-

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ama-du ǯaxa gurə is-i-ni
father- dat money roomy reach- prs -3 sg
‘Now father has (quite) enough money.’

Uzbek etarli emoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-niŋ pul-i etar-li
pn - gen money- poss .3 sg be_enough- adj
‘Petja has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'. The possessor NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

West Central Oromo gahaa k'aba

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
amma obsaa-n k'arʃii gahaa k'ab-a
now pn - nom money. abs enough. abs have-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Now Obsa has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

Zilo Andi <b>-iʔ.u-mallo

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ali-ɬu orsi b-iʔ.u-mallo
pn - dat money[ inan 1][ nom ] inan 1-be_enough. pst - prog
‘Ali has enough money.’