‘have’
Argument frame: | X (have) Y |
Stimulus sentence: | P. has a car . |
Predicate label Ru: | иметь |
Argument frame Ru: | X (иметь) Y |
Stimulus sentence Ru: | У П. есть машина . |
Abaza ma
Valency pattern: IO_ABS |
X: IO |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
zaréma | mašína | lə́-ma-b |
pn | car | 3 sg . f . io -be- npst . dcl |
‘Zarema has a car.’ |
Aghul qa-
Valency pattern: POST_ABS |
X: POST |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-q | mašin | qa-a |
pn - post | car | { post }be- prs |
‘Aslan has a car.’ |
Valency pattern: OBJAGR_BARE |
X: OBJAGR |
Y: BARE |
Locus: XY |
+Ašur | ət-lə | mašina |
pn | exi - ls .3 m | car( f ) |
‘Ashur has a car.’ |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | tem | um | carro |
pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs | indf | car( m ) |
‘Pedro has a car.’ |
Catalan tenir
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en | Pere | té | un | cotxe |
def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs . ind | indf . sg . m | car( m ) |
‘Pere has a car.’ |
Czech mít
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr | má | auto |
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | car( n )[ acc . sg ] |
‘Petr has a car.’ |
Danish have
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter | ha-r | en | bil |
pn | have- prs | indf . sg | car( c ) |
‘Peter has a car.’ |
Dutch hebben
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet | heeft | een | auto |
pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . indf | car(С) |
‘Piet has a car.’ |
Estonian olema
Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM |
X: ADESS |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peetri-l | on | auto |
pn - adess | be. prs .3 sg | car. sg . nom |
‘Peeter has a car.’ |
Finnish olla
Valency pattern: ADE_NOM |
X: ADE |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peka-lla | on | auto |
pn - ade | be. prs .3 sg | car. nom |
‘Pekka has a car.’ |
Forest Enets tɔne
Valency pattern: TOP_NOM |
X: TOP |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
modʲi | kasa-jʔ | ɔdu-za | tɔnee |
i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | boat- nom . sg .3 sg | there_is( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
‘My friend has a boat’. |
German haben
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl | hat | ein | Auto |
pn [ nom . sg ] | have. prs .3 sg | indf [ n . acc . sg ] | car[ acc . sg ] |
‘Karl has a car.’ |
Italian avere
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo | ha | un-a | macchin-a |
pn ( m ) | have-3 sg . prs | indf . sg - f | car- sg . f |
‘Leo has a car.’ |
Kazakh bar
Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petya-da | mašiyna | bar |
pn - loc | car | there_is |
‘Petya has a car.’ | ||
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kazym Khanty tǎjti
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
petr-en | mašina | tǎj-ǝλ |
pn - poss .2 sg | car | have- npst [3 sg ] |
‘Petja has a car.’ |
Latin habeo
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
qui | maior-es | possession-es | habe-nt |
which. nom . pl . m | bigger- acc . pl | possession( f )- acc . pl | have[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl |
‘... who have greater possessions.’ | |||
Note: (Cic. Catil. 2, 18) |
Modern Hebrew jeʃ
Valency pattern: le_SBJ |
X: le |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
jeʃ | le | Pinχas | meχona |
there.is[ prs ] | to | pn | car |
‘Pinchas has a car.’ |
Nanai bi-
Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petia-du | mašina | bi |
pn - dat | car | be. npst |
‘Petia has a car.’ |
Nivkh ivd
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik | tʰu | + | iv-d |
pn | narta | + | have- ind |
‘Kaskazik has a narta.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål å ha
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per | ha-r | bil |
pn | have- prs | car |
‘Per has a car.’ |
Polish mieć
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
mąż | ma | samochód |
husband[ nom . sg ] | have: ipfv . prs .3 sg | car[ acc . sg ] |
‘Husband has a car.’ |
Russian bytʹ
Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM |
X: uGEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
u | Pet-i | estʹ | mašin-a |
at | pn ( m )- gen . sg | be. prs | car( f )- nom . sg |
‘Petja has a car.’ |
Rutul ani wiɁi
Valency pattern: SUB_NOM |
X: SUB |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-ɨ-χda | mašin | a-ni | w-iɁi |
pn - obl - sub | car( nom ) | be- cvb | 3- cop |
‘Rasul has a car.’ |
Serbian ima
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar | ima | kol-a |
pn . nom . sg | иметь. prs .3 sg | машина- acc . pl |
‘Петар имеет машину.’ |
Shughni vidow
Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Ahmed-and | mošin |
pn - loc | car |
‘Ahmed has a car.’ | |
Note: In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami leeʹd
Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
X: LOC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Peâtt-ast | lij | autt |
pn - sg . loc | be. prs .3 sg | car. sg . nom |
‘Pete has a car.’ | ||
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Slovenian imeti
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
mož | ima | avt-o |
husband[ nom . sg ] | have: ipfv . prs .3 sg | car- acc . sg |
‘Husband has a car.’ |
Spanish tener
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro | tien-e | coche |
pn [ sg . m ] | have- prs .3 sg | car[ sg . m ] |
‘Pedro has a car.’ |
Swedish att ha
Valency pattern: TR |
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn | ha-r | en | bil |
pn | have- prs | indf . c . sg | car |
‘Björn has a car.’ |
Turkish var
Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Mehmed-in | araba-sı | var |
pn - gen | car- p .3 | there_is |
‘Mehmet has a car.’ |
Ulcha bi-
Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
min | piktə-du | mašina | bī-ni |
my | child- dat | car | be. prs -3 sg |
‘My son has a car.’ |
Zilo Andi dʒi
Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
X: GEN |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ali-b | dʒi | maʃina |
pn - inan 1( gen ) | cop | car[ inan 1][ nom ] |
‘Ali has a car.’ | ||
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |