‘have’
| Argument frame: | X (have) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. has a car . |
| Predicate label Ru: | иметь |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (иметь) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | У П. есть машина . |
Abaza ma
| Valency pattern: IO_ABS |
| X: IO |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| zaréma | mašína | lə́-ma-b |
| pn | car | 3 sg . f . io -be- npst . dcl |
| ‘Zarema has a car.’ | ||
Aghul qa-
| Valency pattern: POST_ABS |
| X: POST |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-q | mašin | qa-a |
| pn - post | car | { post }be- prs |
| ‘Aslan has a car.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: OBJAGR_BARE |
| X: OBJAGR |
| Y: BARE |
| Locus: XY |
| +Ašur | ət-lə | mašina |
| pn | exi - ls .3 m | car( f ) |
| ‘Ashur has a car.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | tem | um | carro |
| pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs | indf | car( m ) |
| ‘Pedro has a car.’ | |||
Catalan tenir
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | té | un | cotxe |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | have.3 sg . prs . ind | indf . sg . m | car( m ) |
| ‘Pere has a car.’ | ||||
Czech mít
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | má | auto |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | car( n )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petr has a car.’ | ||
Danish have
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | ha-r | en | bil |
| pn | have- prs | indf . sg | car( c ) |
| ‘Peter has a car.’ | |||
Dutch hebben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | een | auto |
| pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . indf | car(С) |
| ‘Piet has a car.’ | |||
Estonian olema
| Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM |
| X: ADESS |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peetri-l | on | auto |
| pn - adess | be. prs .3 sg | car. sg . nom |
| ‘Peeter has a car.’ | ||
Finnish olla
| Valency pattern: ADE_NOM |
| X: ADE |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peka-lla | on | auto |
| pn - ade | be. prs .3 sg | car. nom |
| ‘Pekka has a car.’ | ||
Forest Enets tɔne
| Valency pattern: TOP_NOM |
| X: TOP |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | ɔdu-za | tɔnee |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | boat- nom . sg .3 sg | there_is( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend has a boat’. | |||
German haben
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | hat | ein | Auto |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | have. prs .3 sg | indf [ n . acc . sg ] | car[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl has a car.’ | |||
Italian avere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | un-a | macchin-a |
| pn ( m ) | have-3 sg . prs | indf . sg - f | car- sg . f |
| ‘Leo has a car.’ | |||
Kazakh bar
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petya-da | mašiyna | bar |
| pn - loc | car | there_is |
| ‘Petya has a car.’ | ||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||
Kazym Khanty tǎjti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| petr-en | mašina | tǎj-ǝλ |
| pn - poss .2 sg | car | have- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja has a car.’ | ||
Latin habeo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| qui | maior-es | possession-es | habe-nt |
| which. nom . pl . m | bigger- acc . pl | possession( f )- acc . pl | have[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl |
| ‘... who have greater possessions.’ | |||
| Note: (Cic. Catil. 2, 18) | |||
Modern Hebrew jeʃ
| Valency pattern: le_SBJ |
| X: le |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| jeʃ | le | Pinχas | meχona |
| there.is[ prs ] | to | pn | car |
| ‘Pinchas has a car.’ | |||
Nanai bi-
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petia-du | mašina | bi |
| pn - dat | car | be. npst |
| ‘Petia has a car.’ | ||
Nivkh ivd
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | tʰu | + | iv-d |
| pn | narta | + | have- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik has a narta.’ | |||
Norwegian Bokmål å ha
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | ha-r | bil |
| pn | have- prs | car |
| ‘Per has a car.’ | ||
Polish mieć
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| mąż | ma | samochód |
| husband[ nom . sg ] | have: ipfv . prs .3 sg | car[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Husband has a car.’ | ||
Russian bytʹ
| Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM |
| X: uGEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| u | Pet-i | estʹ | mašin-a |
| at | pn ( m )- gen . sg | be. prs | car( f )- nom . sg |
| ‘Petja has a car.’ | |||
Rutul ani wiɁi
| Valency pattern: SUB_NOM |
| X: SUB |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-ɨ-χda | mašin | a-ni | w-iɁi |
| pn - obl - sub | car( nom ) | be- cvb | 3- cop |
| ‘Rasul has a car.’ | |||
Serbian ima
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | ima | kol-a |
| pn . nom . sg | иметь. prs .3 sg | машина- acc . pl |
| ‘Петар имеет машину.’ | ||
Shughni vidow
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Ahmed-and | mošin |
| pn - loc | car |
| ‘Ahmed has a car.’ | |
| Note: In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. | |
Skolt Saami leeʹd
| Valency pattern: LOC_NOM |
| X: LOC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Peâtt-ast | lij | autt |
| pn - sg . loc | be. prs .3 sg | car. sg . nom |
| ‘Pete has a car.’ | ||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||
Slovenian imeti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| mož | ima | avt-o |
| husband[ nom . sg ] | have: ipfv . prs .3 sg | car- acc . sg |
| ‘Husband has a car.’ | ||
Spanish tener
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | tien-e | coche |
| pn [ sg . m ] | have- prs .3 sg | car[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro has a car.’ | ||
Swedish att ha
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | ha-r | en | bil |
| pn | have- prs | indf . c . sg | car |
| ‘Björn has a car.’ | |||
Turkish var
| Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Mehmed-in | araba-sı | var |
| pn - gen | car- p .3 | there_is |
| ‘Mehmet has a car.’ | ||
Ulcha bi-
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| min | piktə-du | mašina | bī-ni |
| my | child- dat | car | be. prs -3 sg |
| ‘My son has a car.’ | |||
Zilo Andi dʒi
| Valency pattern: GEN_NOM |
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| ali-b | dʒi | maʃina |
| pn - inan 1( gen ) | cop | car[ inan 1][ nom ] |
| ‘Ali has a car.’ | ||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||