‘hate’
Argument frame: |
X
(hate)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
hates
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
ненавидеть
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(ненавидеть)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
ненавидит
М
.
|
Abaza
[ĉə-]maʁ
Valency pattern:
MAL_ABS
|
X: MAL |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
fatíma |
murád |
də-l-ĉə́-maʁ-b |
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-
mal
-hate-
npst
.
dcl
|
‘Fatima hates Murad.’ |
Adyghe
fe-λeʁʷə + NEG
Valency pattern:
BEN_ABS
|
X: BEN |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
pŝaŝe-m |
č̣ʼale-r |
fe-λeʁʷə-r-ep |
девушка-
obl
|
парень-
abs
|
ben
-видеть-
dyn
-
neg
|
‘Девушка ненавидит парня.’ |
Aghul
dušman-di + ‘be’
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
meʜemed |
dušman-di |
a |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
|
enemy-
adv
|
{
in
}be:
prs
|
‘Aslan hates Muhammad.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
ləbba ṗakkə
Valency pattern:
BARE_men
|
X: BARE |
Y: men |
Locus: XY |
ət |
+Ašur |
ləbb-u |
ṗkay=əl |
mən |
švav-u |
rel
|
pn
|
heart(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
split(intr).
prog
=3
m
|
from
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘Ashur hates his neighbor.’ |
Bambara
kɔ́niya
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Sékù |
ye |
Fátù |
kɔ́niya |
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
pn
|
hate
|
‘Seku hates Fatu.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
odiar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
odei-a |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
hate-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro hates Miguel.’ |
Catalan
odiar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
odi-a |
en |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
hate-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere hates Marc.’ |
Czech
nenávidět
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
nenávidí |
Michal-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hate(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr hates Michal.’ |
Danish
hade
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
hade-r |
Marie |
pn
|
hate-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Peter hates Marie.’ |
Dutch
haten
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
haat |
Marie |
pn
(
c
)
|
hate.3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
‘Piet hates Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
kɔ́n
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Sékù |
bára |
Fántà |
kɔ́n. |
pn
|
prf
|
pn
|
prohibit
|
‘Seku detests Fanta.’ |
English
hate
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Estonian
vihkama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
vihka-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
hate-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter hates Maret.’ |
Finnish
vihata
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
viha-a |
Matti-a |
pn
.
nom
|
hate-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka hates Matti’ |
Forest Enets
nɛseza
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
vasʲa |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛseza |
pn
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
hate(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘Vasja hates my friend’. |
French
detester
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
deteste |
Marie |
pn
(
m
)
|
hate.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Paul hates Marie.’ |
Georgian
s-ʒul-s (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
mašo-Ø |
s-ʒul-s |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-hate-
s
3
sg
|
‘Petre hates Masho.’ |
German
hassen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
hass-t |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hate-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl hates Marie.’ |
Irish
bí gráin
Valency pattern:
aige_ar
|
X: aige |
Y: ar |
Locus: XY |
Tá |
an |
ghráin |
aige |
Pól |
air |
Mháire. |
be.
prs
|
def
|
hatred
|
at
|
pn
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Pól hates Máire.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
odiare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
odi-a |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
hate-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo hates Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
ći navidil
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
ći |
navidil |
la |
Marijk-a |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
neg
|
despise-
prs
.3
sg
|
art
.
f
.
obl
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Murša hates Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
žek kör
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
žek kör-edi |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
hate-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya hates Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
λǝkǝŋ εtti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
waśa-j-ǝλ |
λǝkǝŋ |
εt-λ-ǝλλe |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
evil-
attr
|
go_out-
npst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja hates Vasja.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
šamile-l |
aca-na |
maduʁal |
pn
(
i
)-
dat
|
[
i
]ненавидеть-
pst
.
u
|
сосед(
i
)
|
‘Шамиль ненавидит соседа.’ |
Kina Rutul
ulis ʁagur hɨgardiš
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-u-s |
ramazan |
ul-i-s |
ʁagu-r |
hɨga-r-diš |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
eye-
obl
-
dat
|
1.see.
pfv
-
cvb
|
4.want.
ipfv
-
cvb
-
neg
|
‘Rasul hates Ramazan.’ |
Latin
odi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
quis |
autem |
est, |
qui |
Tarquini-um |
Superb-um |
non |
od-eri-t |
who.
nom
.
sg
|
indeed
|
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
which.
nom
.
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
proud-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
not
|
hate-
fut
2.
ind
-
act
.3
sg
|
‘But who is it who does not hate Tarquin the Proud?’ |
Note: (Cic, de Amicitia, 28) |
Mandarin Chinese
yànwù
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
yànwù |
Lǐsì |
pn
|
hate
|
pn
|
‘Zhangsan hates Lisi.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-ǯog-un-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
anučia-Ø |
Ø-ǯog-u(n)-Ø. |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-hate-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo hates Anuchia.’ |
Modern Hebrew
sone
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
sone |
et |
Menaχem |
pn
|
hate[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas hates Menachem.’ |
Nanai
čiurisi
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
Maša-ǯi |
čiuri.si-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
ins
|
be_dismayed.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia hates Masha.’ |
Nivkh
raɣraɣd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana |
+ |
raɣraɣ-d |
pn
|
pn
|
+
|
hate-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik hates Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
sуŋуlič=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ |
mǝ |
suŋulǝč-lˈǝ-m |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
aff
|
hate-
caus
-
tr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien hates Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å hate
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
hate-r |
Ola |
pn
|
hate-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Per hates Ola.’ |
Polish
nienawidzić
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Feliks |
nienawidzi |
Ann-y |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hate:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Feliks hates Anna.’ |
Russian
nenavidetʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
nenavid-it |
Maš-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
hate(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja hates Maša.’ |
Serbian
mrzeti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
mrzi |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
hate.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar hates Maria.’ |
Shughni
bad vidow
Valency pattern:
LAT_NOM
|
X: LAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Šamil-ard |
Azim |
dis=ga |
bad |
pn
-
lat
|
pn
|
such=more
|
bad
|
‘Shamil hates Azim.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami
vââjšed
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
vââjaš |
Määrʹj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
hate.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete hates Maria’ |
Slovak
nenávidieť
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
nenávidí |
Mark-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hate(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter hates Marek.’ |
Slovenian
sovražiti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
sovraži |
An-o |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hate:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter hates Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
r̂ig lêbûn
Valency pattern:
EXT_le
|
X: EXT |
Y: le |
Locus: XY |
Hîwa |
r̂iq=î |
le |
Ferhad-e |
pn
|
hatred=3
sg
.
pc
|
from
|
pn
-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Hiwa hates Farhad.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Spanish
odiar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
odi-a |
a |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
hate-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro hates Maria.’ |
Swedish
att hata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
hata-r |
Maja |
pn
|
hate-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Björn hates Maja.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
UND_LOC
|
X: UND |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Na-ga~galit |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Miguel |
statpv
-
ipfv
~angry
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
|
pn
|
‘Pedro hates Miguel.’ |
Note: Can you change the voice and turn Miguel into the subject here? |
Telugu
dvēṣiṁcu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pravīṇ |
maheṣ-ni |
dvēṣistunnāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
hate.
dur
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen hates Mahesh.’ |
Turkish
nefret etmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
Orhan-dan |
nefret |
ed-ıyor |
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
hatred
|
make-
prs
|
‘Mehmet hates Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
gosi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ama |
mə̄n |
ag-bi |
gos-i-ni |
father
|
self
|
elder_brother-
refl
.
sg
|
hate-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Father hates his elder brother.’ |
Uzbek
nafrat qilmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
Maša-dan |
nafrat |
qil-a-di |
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
hatred
|
do-
prs
2-3
sg
|
‘Petja hates Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
dʒibba
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
tolaa |
ni |
dʒibb-a |
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
foc
|
hate-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa hates Tola.’ |
Zilo Andi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
pat’imati-<j>o |
dʒiʔ.i-r-sːu |
marjam |
pn
-
aff
<
f
>
|
like.
pst
-
prog
-
neg
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
‘Patimat doesn’t like Mariam.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |