BivalTyp

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‘hate’

Argument frame:

X (hate) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. hates M .

Predicate label Ru:

ненавидеть

Argument frame Ru:

X (ненавидеть) Y -а

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. ненавидит М .

Abaza [ĉə-]maʁ

Valency pattern: MAL_ABS

X: MAL

Y: ABS

Locus: X

fatíma	murád	də-l-ĉə́-maʁ-b
pn	pn	3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io - mal -hate- npst . dcl
‘Fatima hates Murad.’

Adyghe fe-λeʁʷə + NEG

Valency pattern: BEN_ABS

X: BEN

Y: ABS

Locus: X

pŝaŝe-m	č̣ʼale-r	fe-λeʁʷə-r-ep
девушка- obl	парень- abs	ben -видеть- dyn - neg
‘Девушка ненавидит парня.’

Aghul dušman-di + ‘be’

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	meʜemed	dušman-di	a
pn - dat	pn	enemy- adv	{ in }be: prs
‘Aslan hates Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ləbba ṗakkə

Valency pattern: BARE_men

X: BARE

Y: men

Locus: XY

ət	+Ašur	ləbb-u	ṗkay=əl	mən	švav-u
rel	pn	heart( m )- p .3 m	split(intr). prog =3 m	from	neighbour( m )- p .3 m
‘Ashur hates his neighbor.’

Bambara kɔ́niya

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	ye	Fátù	kɔ́niya
pn	pfv . tr	pn	hate
‘Seku hates Fatu.’

Brazilian Portuguese odiar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	odei-a	Miguel
pn ( m )	hate-3 sg . prs	pn ( m )
‘Pedro hates Miguel.’

Catalan odiar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	odi-a	en	Marc
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	hate-3 sg . prs . ind	def . sg . m	pn ( m )
‘Pere hates Marc.’

Czech nenávidět

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petr	nenávidí	Michal-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	hate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr hates Michal.’

Danish hade

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	hade-r	Marie
pn	hate- prs	pn
‘Peter hates Marie.’

Dutch haten

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	haat	Marie
pn ( c )	hate.3 sg	pn ( c )
‘Piet hates Marie.’

Eastern Maninka kɔ́n

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	bára	Fántà	kɔ́n.
pn	prf	pn	prohibit
‘Seku detests Fanta.’

English hate

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	hates	Mary.

Estonian vihkama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Peeter	vihka-b	Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom	hate- prs .3 sg	pn - sg . part
‘Peeter hates Maret.’

Finnish vihata

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Pekka	viha-a	Matti-a
pn . nom	hate- prs .3 sg	pn - part
‘Pekka hates Matti’

Forest Enets nɛseza

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

vasʲa	kasa-jʔ	nɛseza
pn	man- nom . sg .1 sg	hate( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘Vasja hates my friend’.

French detester

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	deteste	Marie
pn ( m )	hate. prs .3 sg	pn ( f )
‘Paul hates Marie.’

Georgian s-ʒul-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	mašo-Ø	s-ʒul-s
pn - dat	pn - nom	io 3-hate- s 3 sg
‘Petre hates Masho.’

German hassen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	hass-t	Marie
pn [ nom . sg ]	hate- prs .3 sg	pn [ acc . sg ]
‘Karl hates Marie.’

Irish bí gráin

Valency pattern: aige_ar

X: aige

Y: ar

Locus: XY

Tá	an	ghráin	aige	Pól	air	Mháire.
be. prs	def	hatred	at	pn	on	pn
‘Pól hates Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian odiare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	odi-a	Maria
pn ( m )	hate-3 sg . prs	pn ( f )
‘Leo hates Maria.’

Kalderash Romani ći navidil

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	ći	navidil	la	Marijk-a
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	neg	despise- prs .3 sg	art . f . obl . sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Murša hates Marijka.’

Kazakh žek kör

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-nï	žek kör-edi
pn	pn - acc	hate- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya hates Masha.’

Kazym Khanty λǝkǝŋ εtti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	waśa-j-ǝλ	λǝkǝŋ	εt-λ-ǝλλe
pn - ep - poss . sg	pn - ep - poss .3 sg	evil- attr	go_out- npst -3 sg . so
‘Petja hates Vasja.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

šamile-l	aca-na	maduʁal
pn ( i )- dat	[ i ]ненавидеть- pst . u	сосед( i )
‘Шамиль ненавидит соседа.’

Kina Rutul ulis ʁagur hɨgardiš

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-u-s	ramazan	ul-i-s	ʁagu-r	hɨga-r-diš
pn - obl - dat	pn ( nom )	eye- obl - dat	1.see. pfv - cvb	4.want. ipfv - cvb - neg
‘Rasul hates Ramazan.’

Latin odi

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

quis	autem	est,	qui	Tarquini-um	Superb-um	non	od-eri-t
who. nom . sg	indeed	be. prs . ind . act .3 sg	which. nom . sg	pn ( m )- acc . sg	proud- acc . sg . m	not	hate- fut 2. ind - act .3 sg
‘But who is it who does not hate Tarquin the Proud?’
Note: (Cic, de Amicitia, 28)

Mandarin Chinese yànwù

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	yànwù	Lǐsì
pn	hate	pn
‘Zhangsan hates Lisi.’

Mingrelian Ø-ǯog-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

čelo-s	anučia-Ø	Ø-ǯog-u(n)-Ø.
pn - dat	pn - nom	io 3-hate- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo hates Anuchia.’

Modern Hebrew sone

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	sone	et	Menaχem
pn	hate[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas hates Menachem.’

Nanai čiurisi

Valency pattern: NOM_INS

X: NOM

Y: INS

Locus: Y

Petia	Maša-ǯi	čiuri.si-ni
pn	pn - ins	be_dismayed. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia hates Masha.’

Nivkh raɣraɣd

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	Ajsana	+	raɣraɣ-d
pn	pn	+	hate- ind
‘Kaskazik hates Ajsana.’

Northern Mansi *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Yukaghir sуŋуlič=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ	mǝ	suŋulǝč-lˈǝ-m
pn	pn - acc	aff	hate- caus - tr .3 sg
‘Semien hates Akulina.’

Norwegian Bokmål å hate

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	hate-r	Ola
pn	hate- prs	pn
‘Per hates Ola.’

Polish nienawidzić

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN

X: NOM

Y: GEN

Locus: Y

Feliks	nienawidzi	Ann-y
pn [ nom . sg ]	hate: ipfv . prs .3 sg	pn - gen . sg
‘Feliks hates Anna.’

Russian nenavidetʹ

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pet-ja	nenavid-it	Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg	hate( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja hates Maša.’

Serbian mrzeti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	mrzi	Marij-u
pn . nom . sg	hate. prs .3 sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Petar hates Maria.’

Shughni bad vidow

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM

X: LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Šamil-ard	Azim	dis=ga	bad
pn - lat	pn	such=more	bad
‘Shamil hates Azim.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt.

Skolt Saami vââjšed

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	vââjaš	Määrʹj
pn . sg . nom	hate. prs .3 sg	pn . sg . acc
‘Pete hates Maria’

Slovak nenávidieť

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	nenávidí	Mark-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	hate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Peter hates Marek.’

Slovenian sovražiti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	sovraži	An-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	hate: ipfv . prs .3 sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Peter hates Ana.’

Sorani Kurdish r̂ig lêbûn

Valency pattern: EXT_le

X: EXT

Y: le

Locus: XY

Hîwa	r̂iq=î	le	Ferhad-e
pn	hatred=3 sg . pc	from	pn -be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa hates Farhad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Spanish odiar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	odi-a	a	María
pn [ sg . m ]	hate- prs .3 sg	dir . obj . anm	pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro hates Maria.’

Swedish att hata

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	hata-r	Maja
pn	hate- prs	pn
‘Björn hates Maja.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: UND_LOC

X: UND

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Na-ga~galit	si	Pedro	kay	Miguel
statpv - ipfv ~angry	pers . subj	pn	pers . dat	pn
‘Pedro hates Miguel.’
Note: Can you change the voice and turn Miguel into the subject here?

Telugu dvēṣiṁcu

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pravīṇ	maheṣ-ni	dvēṣistunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	pn ( m ). sg . obl - acc	hate. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen hates Mahesh.’

Turkish nefret etmek

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Mehmet	Orhan-dan	nefret	ed-ıyor
pn	pn - abl	hatred	make- prs
‘Mehmet hates Orhan.’

Ulcha gosi-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

ama	mə̄n	ag-bi	gos-i-ni
father	self	elder_brother- refl . sg	hate- prs -3 sg
‘Father hates his elder brother.’

Uzbek nafrat qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-dan	nafrat	qil-a-di
pn	pn - abl	hatred	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja hates Maša.’

West Central Oromo dʒibba

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	tolaa	ni	dʒibb-a
pn - nom	pn . abs	foc	hate-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa hates Tola.’

Zilo Andi *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

pat’imati-<j>o	dʒiʔ.i-r-sːu	marjam
pn - aff < f >	like. pst - prog - neg	pn [ f ][ nom ]
‘Patimat doesn’t like Mariam.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.