‘govern’
| Argument frame: |
X
(govern)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
runs
our town
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
руководить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(руководить)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
руководит
нашим поселком
.
|
Abaza
n(a)q̇ʷə-ga
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| arəj |
a-qáca |
h-kə́t |
j-nq̇ʷə-j-g-əj-d |
|
prox
|
def
-man
|
1
pl
.
io
-village
|
3
sg
.
n
.
abs
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-carry-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘This man runs our village.’ |
Aghul
aʜa-f + COP
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| aslan |
če |
ʜür.i-n |
aʜa-f |
e |
|
pn
|
we:
gen
|
village-
gen
|
big-
nmlz
|
cop
|
| ‘Aslan runs our town’ (lit. ‘Aslan is our town’s chief’). |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
avə +gura
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_BARE
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: BARE |
| Locus: Y |
| +avvo |
naša |
+gur=ət |
mat=əl |
|
dem
3.
m
|
person(
m
)
|
big=
rel
|
village(
f
)=3
m
|
| ‘This man runs our village.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. Non-verbal predicate, avə is 'to be'. |
Brazilian Portuguese
comandar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
comand-a |
nossa |
vila |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
rule-3
sg
.
prs
|
poss
.1
pl
.
f
|
city(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro runs our town.’ |
Catalan
dirigir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
dirigeix |
la |
nostra |
ciutat |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
command.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
poss
.1
pl
.
f
.
sg
|
city(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere runs our town.’ |
Czech
řídit
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
řidí |
naš-i |
vesnic-i |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
drive(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
our-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
village(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr runs our village.’ |
Danish
styre
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
styre-r |
vores |
by |
|
pn
|
control-
prs
|
our
|
town(
c
).
sg
|
| ‘Peter runs our town.’ |
Dutch
leiden
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
leid-t |
ons |
dorp |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
lead-3
sg
|
poss
.1
pl
|
village(
n
)
|
| ‘Piet governs our village.’ |
Estonian
juhtima
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
juhi-b |
meie |
linna |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
lead-
prs
.3
sg
|
1
pl
.
gen
|
town.
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter runs our town.’ |
Finnish
johtaa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
joht-aa |
kaupunki-a-mme |
|
pn
.
nom
|
govern-
prs
.3
sg
|
town-
part
-
poss
.1
pl
|
| ‘Pekka runs our town.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
regieren
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
regier-t |
die |
Stadt |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
govern-
prs
.3
sg
|
def
.
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
city[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl runs the town.’ |
Italian
dirigere
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
dirig-e |
il |
nostr-o |
paes-e |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
rule-3
sg
.
prs
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
poss
.1
pl
-
sg
.
m
|
village-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Leo runs our village.’ |
Kazakh
basqar
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
bіz-dіŋ |
awïl-men |
basqar-adï |
|
pn
|
we-
gen
|
village-
ins
|
lead-
prs
2.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya runs our village.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| pet’a-j-en |
mŭŋ |
wɔš |
kǫśa-ew |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
we
|
village
|
boss-
poss
.1
pl
|
| ‘Petja runs our village.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Latin
administro
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| nec |
legitime |
tutel-am |
administra-t |
|
and_not
|
legally
|
tutelage(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
administer[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘She doesn’t administer the tutelage legally.’ |
| Note: (Iust. Digesta. XXXVIII, 17, 2) |
Modern Hebrew
menahel
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
menahel |
et |
ha |
ir |
ʃel-anu |
|
pn
|
manage[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
city
|
poss
-1
pl
|
| ‘Pinchas runs our town.’ |
Nanai
dala-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
buə |
exo-mba |
dala-j-ni |
|
pn
|
1
pl
|
encampment-
obl
|
govern-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia runs our village.’ |
Nivkh
əzŋ mud
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_LOC/ABL
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: LOC/ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
mеn |
+ |
vо-ux |
əzŋ |
+ |
mu-d |
|
pn
|
1
pl
.
incl
|
+
|
village-
loc
/
abl
|
boss
|
+
|
become-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik runs our village.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å lede
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
lede-r |
bygd-a |
vår |
|
pn
|
lead-
prs
|
village-
def
.
f
.
sg
|
our
|
| ‘Per runs our town.’ |
Polish
rządzić
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Eliz-a |
rządzi |
nasz-ą |
wsi-ą |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
govern:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
our-
f
.
ins
.
sg
|
village-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Eliza runs our village.’ |
Russian
rukovoditʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
rukovod-it |
naš-im |
poselk-om |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
govern(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
our-
m
.
ins
.
sg
|
town(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja runs our town.’ |
Rutul
q’ɨxʲwaldɨ waɁara
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a |
q’ɨxʲ-waldɨ |
w-aɁa-r=a |
ix-dɨ |
muˀɢ-uˀ-s |
|
pn
-
erg
|
elder-
abstr
|
3-do.
ipfv
-
cvb
-be
|
we.
obl
-
attr
|
village-
obl
-
dat
|
| ‘Rasul runs our village.’ |
Serbian
upravlja
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
upravlja |
naš-im |
sel-om |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
управлять.
prs
.3
sg
|
наш-
ins
.
sg
.
m
|
село-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Петар руководит нашим поселком.’ |
Shughni
čīx̌tow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim |
māš |
x̌ār |
čos-t |
|
pn
|
1
pl
|
city
|
look-3
sg
|
| ‘Azim runs our town.’ |
Skolt Saami
vaaldšed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
vaaldaš |
mij |
siid |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
govern.
prs
.3
sg
|
1
pl
.
gen
|
village.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete runs our village.’ |
Slovenian
upravljati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a |
upravlja |
naš-o |
vas |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
govern.
prs
.3
sg
|
our-
acc
.
sg
.
f
|
village[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Ana runs our village.’ |
Spanish
gobernar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
gobiern-a |
nuestr-o |
pueblo |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
govern-
prs
.3
sg
|
our-
sg
.
m
|
village[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro runs our town.’ |
Swedish
att styra
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
styr |
vår |
stad |
|
pn
|
lead.
prs
|
our
|
town
|
| ‘Björn runs our town.’ |
Turkish
yönetmek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
fabrıka-yı |
yönet-iyor |
|
pn
|
factory-
acc
|
manage-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet runs the factory.’ |
Ulcha
dālači-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əńə |
detsad-ba |
dālač-i-ni |
|
mother
|
kindergarten-
acc
|
manage-
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Mother runs the kindergarten.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-etʃ’uχa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INTER
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
hon-tɬi |
w-etʃ’uχa |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
village-
inter
|
m
-big
|
| ‘Ali leads our village.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
