‘go out’
| Argument frame: |
X
(go out) of
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
went out of
the house
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
выходить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(выходить) из
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
вышел из
дома
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-[ʒ̂ə.l-]c̣
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCzele
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCzele |
| Locus: Y |
| a-phʷə́spa |
a-tʒə́ |
d-ʕa-ʒ̂ə́.l-c̣-ṭ |
|
def
-girl
|
def
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-
loc
-pass-
dcl
|
| ‘The girl went out of the house.’ |
Adyghe
jə-č̣ʼə
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOC.CONT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOC.CONT |
| Locus: Y |
| pŝaŝe-r |
wəne-m |
jə-č̣ʼə-ʁ |
|
девушка-
abs
|
дом-
obl
|
loc
:
cont
-выйти-
pst
|
| ‘Девушка вышла из дома.’ |
Aghul
ajč’.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_(IN)ELAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: (IN)ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
χul.a-as |
ajč’.u-ne |
|
pn
|
house-(
in
)
elat
|
{
in
}emerge.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan went out of the house.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+paləṭ
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| brata |
+pləṭ-la |
mən |
beta |
|
girl(
f
)
|
leave.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
from
|
house(
m
)
|
| ‘The girl went out of the house.’ |
Bambara
bɔ́
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_kono
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: kono |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
bɔ́-ra |
só` |
kɔ́nɔ |
|
pn
|
go.out-
pfv
.
intr
|
house\
art
|
into
|
| ‘Seku left the house.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
sair
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
sa-iu |
de |
casa |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
exit-3
sg
.
pst
|
of
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro exited a house.’ |
Catalan
sortir
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| en |
Pere |
va |
sort-ir |
de |
la |
casa |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
exit-
inf
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere went out of the house.’ |
Czech
vyjít
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
vyše-l |
z |
dom-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr went out of the house.’ |
Danish
gå ud
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_af
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: af |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
gik |
ud |
af |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
of
|
house(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Dutch
uitgaan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
ging |
het |
huis |
uit |
|
pn
(С)
|
go.
pst
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
house(
n
)
|
out.of
|
| ‘Piet went out of the house.’ |
Eastern Maninka
bɔ́
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: la |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
bára |
bɔ́ |
bón` |
ná. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
exit
|
house\
art
|
at
|
| ‘Seku left the house.’ |
English
go out
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_of
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: of |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
went |
out |
of |
the |
house. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
väljuma
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
väljus |
maja-st |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
go_out.
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
ela
|
| ‘Peeter went out of the house.’ |
Finnish
poistua
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
poistu-i |
talo-sta |
|
pn
.
nom
|
go.out-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
ela
|
| ‘Pekka went out of the house.’ |
Forest Enets
ɔziu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
mɛ-kozo-da |
ɔzima |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
chum-
abl
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
be_visible(
ipfv
).
inc
.3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend went out of his house’. |
French
sortir
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
est |
sorti |
de |
la |
maison |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
exit.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul went out of the house.’ |
Georgian
ga-Ø-di-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS.ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS.ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| p'et're-Ø |
saxl-idan |
ga-Ø-vid-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house-
pstp
:
ins
.
abl
|
prv
:outward-
s
3-go.
pst
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre went out of the house.’ |
German
gehen
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ausDAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ausDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
ging |
aus |
dem |
Haus |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go.
pst
.3
sg
|
from
|
def
.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
house[
dat
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl went out of the house.’ |
Irish
téigh amach
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_as
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: as |
| Locus: Y |
| Chuigh |
Pól |
amach |
as |
an |
tigh. |
|
go_out.
pst
|
pn
|
outside
|
from
|
def
|
house
|
| ‘Pól went out of the house.’ |
Italian
uscire
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_da
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: da |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo |
è |
uscit-o |
dall’ |
uffici-o |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
exit.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
by.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
office-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Leo exited the office.’ |
Kalderash Romani
anklel
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_anda
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: anda |
| Locus: Y |
| o |
Murš-a |
ankl-ist-o |
anda |
khər |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
go_out-
pst
-3
sg
.
m
|
from
|
house.
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša went out of the house.’ |
Kazakh
šïq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
üy-den |
šïq-tï |
|
pn
|
house-
abl
|
exit-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya went out of the house.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ԑtti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMewelt
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMewelt |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en |
χɔt |
ewǝλt |
kim |
ԑt-əs |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
house
|
from
|
outside
|
go.out-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
Khwarshi
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN.EL
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IN.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| šamil |
eq-qa |
idu-žo |
ma-ʁol |
|
pn
(
i
)
|
[
i
]выйти-
pst
.
w
|
дом.
in
-
el
|
снаружи-
dir
|
| ‘Шамиль вышел из дома.’ |
Kina Rutul
ʁaɁ haˁrχɨˁr
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
χal-a: |
ʁaɁ |
haˁ<r>χɨˁ-r |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
house-
in
.
el
|
outside.
lat
|
<1>leave.
pfv
-
cvb
|
| ‘Rasul went out of the house.’ |
Latin
exeo
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_exABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: exABL |
| Locus: Y |
| nihil |
enim |
umquam |
neque |
insolens |
neque |
glorios-um |
ex |
or-e |
eius |
exi-it |
|
nothing.
nom
|
indeed
|
ever
|
nor
|
immoderate.
nom
.
sg
|
nor
|
prideful-
nom
.
sg
.
n
|
from
|
mouth(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
this.
gen
.
sg
.
m
|
go_out[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘And nothing else went out of his mouth: neither immoderate, nor prideful.’ |
| Note: (Nepos. Vitae, life Timol. 4, 3, 1) |
Mandarin Chinese
zǒu chū
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
zǒu |
chū |
le |
wūzi |
|
pn
|
walk
|
out
|
pfv
|
house
|
| ‘Zhangsan went out of the house.’ |
| Note: There are some doubts as to whether this can be treated as a transitive construction. |
Mingrelian
gim-Ø-i-l-en-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_ABL
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| čelo-k |
ʔude-še(n) |
gim-Ø-i-l-(u). |
|
pn
-
erg
|
house-
abl
|
prv
-
s
3-
ver
:
s
-go-(
s
3
sg
.
pst
)
|
| ‘Chelo went out of the house.’ |
Modern Hebrew
jatsa
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mi
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
jatsa |
me |
ha |
bajt |
|
pn
|
exit[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
def
|
house
|
| ‘Pinchas went out of the house.’ |
Nanai
niə-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
ǯoog-ǯeaǯi |
niə-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
house-
abl
|
go_out-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia went out of the house.’ |
Nivkh
pʰud
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_LOC/ABL
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: LOC/ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
tav-ux |
pʰu-d |
|
pn
|
house-
loc
/
abl
|
leave-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik went out of the house.’ |
Northern Mansi
konkwaləs
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ōjka |
kol-əl |
kon-kwal-əs |
|
man
|
house-
el
|
out-go-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘The man went out of the house.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
pуlgǝ=
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Sǝmiǝn |
nimǝ-ɣаt |
pulgǝ-č |
|
pn
|
house-
abl
|
come_out-
intr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien went out of the house.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å gå ut
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_av
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: av |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
gikk |
ut |
av |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
of
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘Per went out of the house.’ |
Polish
wyjść
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Andrzej |
wyszed-ł |
z |
dom-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out:
pfv
\
m
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Andrzej went out of the house.’ |
Russian
vyjti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: izGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
vyše-l |
iz |
dom-a |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
Serbian
izaći
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: izGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
je |
izaša-o |
iz |
kuć-e |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
go.out-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar went out of the house.’ |
Shughni
nax̌tīdow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: EL |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim |
as |
čīd |
nax̌tūy-d |
|
pn
|
el
|
house
|
go.out-
pst
|
| ‘Azim went out of the house.’ |
Skolt Saami
mõõnnâd
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
mõõn-i |
põõrt-âst |
meädda |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
go-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
sg
.
loc
|
away
|
| ‘Pete went out of the house.’ |
Slovak
vyjsť
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
vyšie-l |
z |
dom-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Slovenian
izstopiti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: izGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
je |
izstopi-l |
iz |
hiš-e |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
go_out:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
çûne der
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Hîwa |
le |
maɫ-eke |
çûw-Ø-e |
der-ê |
|
pn
|
from
|
house-
def
|
go.
pst
-3
sg
-to
|
out-
loc
|
| ‘Hiwa went out of the house.’ |
Spanish
salir
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
sali-ó |
de |
casa |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
go_out-
aor
.3
sg
|
from
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro went out of the house.’ |
Swedish
att gå ut
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ur
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ur |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
gick |
ut |
ur |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
out_of
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘Björn went out of the house.’ |
| Note: Phrasal verb (ut is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| L<um>abas |
si |
Pedro |
ng |
bahay |
|
<
av
>
pfv
.went
|
out
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
gen
house
|
| ‘Pedro went out of the house.’ |
Telugu
veḷḷu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| pravīṇ |
iṁṭi-nuṁci |
bayaṭi-ki |
veḷḷāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
house(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
abl
|
outdoors(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
go.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen went out of the house.’ |
Turkish
çıkmak
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
ev-den |
çık-tı |
|
pn
|
house-
abl
|
exit-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet went out of the house.’ |
Ulcha
ńə̄-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| xusə |
piktə |
xagdu-ǯi |
ńə̄-xə-ni |
|
male
|
child
|
house-
ins
|
go_out-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘The boy went out of the house.’ |
Uzbek
čiqmoq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
uy-dan |
čiq-ti |
|
pn
|
house-
abl
|
go_out-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
West Central Oromo
gadi baʔa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| obsaa-n |
manaa |
gadi=baʔ-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house.
abl
|
down=go_out-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa went out of thehouse.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-uʔ.on
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
w-uʔ.on |
iʃu-kːu |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
m
-go.
pst
(
aor
)
|
home.
in
-
el
|
| ‘Ali went out of the house.’ |
