‘go out’
Argument frame: |
X
(go out) of
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
went out of
the house
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
выходить
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(выходить) из
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
вышел из
дома
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-[ʒ̂ə.l-]c̣
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCzele
|
X: ABS |
Y: LOCzele |
Locus: Y |
a-phʷə́spa |
a-tʒə́ |
d-ʕa-ʒ̂ə́.l-c̣-ṭ |
def
-girl
|
def
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-
loc
-pass-
dcl
|
‘The girl went out of the house.’ |
Adyghe
jə-č̣ʼə
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOC.CONT
|
X: ABS |
Y: LOC.CONT |
Locus: Y |
pŝaŝe-r |
wəne-m |
jə-č̣ʼə-ʁ |
девушка-
abs
|
дом-
obl
|
loc
:
cont
-выйти-
pst
|
‘Девушка вышла из дома.’ |
Aghul
ajč’.u-
Valency pattern:
ABS_(IN)ELAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: (IN)ELAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
χul.a-as |
ajč’.u-ne |
pn
|
house-(
in
)
elat
|
{
in
}emerge.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan went out of the house.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+paləṭ
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
X: SBJ |
Y: men |
Locus: Y |
brata |
+pləṭ-la |
mən |
beta |
girl(
f
)
|
leave.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
from
|
house(
m
)
|
‘The girl went out of the house.’ |
Bambara
bɔ́
Valency pattern:
SBJ_kono
|
X: SBJ |
Y: kono |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
bɔ́-ra |
só` |
kɔ́nɔ |
pn
|
go.out-
pfv
.
intr
|
house\
art
|
into
|
‘Seku left the house.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
sair
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
sa-iu |
de |
casa |
pn
(
m
)
|
exit-3
sg
.
pst
|
of
|
house(
f
)
|
‘Pedro exited a house.’ |
Catalan
sortir
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
va |
sort-ir |
de |
la |
casa |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
exit-
inf
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
‘Pere went out of the house.’ |
Czech
vyjít
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: zGEN |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
vyše-l |
z |
dom-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petr went out of the house.’ |
Danish
gå ud
Valency pattern:
SBJ_af
|
X: SBJ |
Y: af |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
gik |
ud |
af |
hus-et |
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
of
|
house(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Dutch
uitgaan
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
ging |
het |
huis |
uit |
pn
(С)
|
go.
pst
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
house(
n
)
|
out.of
|
‘Piet went out of the house.’ |
Eastern Maninka
bɔ́
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
bára |
bɔ́ |
bón` |
ná. |
pn
|
prf
|
exit
|
house\
art
|
at
|
‘Seku left the house.’ |
English
go out
Valency pattern:
SBJ_of
|
X: SBJ |
Y: of |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
went |
out |
of |
the |
house. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
väljuma
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
X: NOM |
Y: ELA |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
väljus |
maja-st |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
go_out.
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
ela
|
‘Peeter went out of the house.’ |
Finnish
poistua
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
X: NOM |
Y: ELA |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
poistu-i |
talo-sta |
pn
.
nom
|
go.out-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
ela
|
‘Pekka went out of the house.’ |
Forest Enets
ɔziu
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
mɛ-kozo-da |
ɔzima |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
chum-
abl
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
be_visible(
ipfv
).
inc
.3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend went out of his house’. |
French
sortir
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Paul |
est |
sorti |
de |
la |
maison |
pn
(
m
)
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
exit.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
‘Paul went out of the house.’ |
Georgian
ga-Ø-di-s (PRS)
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS.ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS.ABL |
Locus: Y |
p'et're-Ø |
saxl-idan |
ga-Ø-vid-a |
pn
-
nom
|
house-
pstp
:
ins
.
abl
|
prv
:outward-
s
3-go.
pst
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Petre went out of the house.’ |
German
gehen
Valency pattern:
NOM_ausDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: ausDAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
ging |
aus |
dem |
Haus |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go.
pst
.3
sg
|
from
|
def
.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
house[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl went out of the house.’ |
Irish
téigh amach
Valency pattern:
SBJ_as
|
X: SBJ |
Y: as |
Locus: Y |
Chuigh |
Pól |
amach |
as |
an |
tigh. |
go_out.
pst
|
pn
|
outside
|
from
|
def
|
house
|
‘Pól went out of the house.’ |
Italian
uscire
Valency pattern:
SBJ_da
|
X: SBJ |
Y: da |
Locus: Y |
Leo |
è |
uscit-o |
dall’ |
uffici-o |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
exit.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
by.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
office-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo exited the office.’ |
Kalderash Romani
anklel
Valency pattern:
NOM_anda
|
X: NOM |
Y: anda |
Locus: Y |
o |
Murš-a |
ankl-ist-o |
anda |
khər |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
go_out-
pst
-3
sg
.
m
|
from
|
house.
nom
.
sg
|
‘Murša went out of the house.’ |
Kazakh
šïq
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
üy-den |
šïq-tï |
pn
|
house-
abl
|
exit-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya went out of the house.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ԑtti
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMewelt
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOMewelt |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
χɔt |
ewǝλt |
kim |
ԑt-əs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
house
|
from
|
outside
|
go.out-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN.EL
|
X: ABS |
Y: IN.EL |
Locus: Y |
šamil |
eq-qa |
idu-žo |
ma-ʁol |
pn
(
i
)
|
[
i
]выйти-
pst
.
w
|
дом.
in
-
el
|
снаружи-
dir
|
‘Шамиль вышел из дома.’ |
Kina Rutul
ʁaɁ haˁrχɨˁr
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: IN.EL |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
χal-a: |
ʁaɁ |
haˁ<r>χɨˁ-r |
pn
(
nom
)
|
house-
in
.
el
|
outside.
lat
|
<1>leave.
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul went out of the house.’ |
Latin
exeo
Valency pattern:
NOM_exABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: exABL |
Locus: Y |
nihil |
enim |
umquam |
neque |
insolens |
neque |
glorios-um |
ex |
or-e |
eius |
exi-it |
nothing.
nom
|
indeed
|
ever
|
nor
|
immoderate.
nom
.
sg
|
nor
|
prideful-
nom
.
sg
.
n
|
from
|
mouth(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
this.
gen
.
sg
.
m
|
go_out[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
‘And nothing else went out of his mouth: neither immoderate, nor prideful.’ |
Note: (Nepos. Vitae, life Timol. 4, 3, 1) |
Mandarin Chinese
zǒu chū
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
zǒu |
chū |
le |
wūzi |
pn
|
walk
|
out
|
pfv
|
house
|
‘Zhangsan went out of the house.’ |
Note: There are some doubts as to whether this can be treated as a transitive construction. |
Mingrelian
gim-Ø-i-l-en-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
ERG_ABL
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
čelo-k |
ʔude-še(n) |
gim-Ø-i-l-(u). |
pn
-
erg
|
house-
abl
|
prv
-
s
3-
ver
:
s
-go-(
s
3
sg
.
pst
)
|
‘Chelo went out of the house.’ |
Modern Hebrew
jatsa
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: mi |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
jatsa |
me |
ha |
bajt |
pn
|
exit[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
def
|
house
|
‘Pinchas went out of the house.’ |
Nanai
niə-
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
ǯoog-ǯeaǯi |
niə-xə-ni |
pn
|
house-
abl
|
go_out-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia went out of the house.’ |
Nivkh
pʰud
Valency pattern:
SBJ_LOC/ABL
|
X: SBJ |
Y: LOC/ABL |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik |
tav-ux |
pʰu-d |
pn
|
house-
loc
/
abl
|
leave-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik went out of the house.’ |
Northern Mansi
konkwaləs
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
ōjka |
kol-əl |
kon-kwal-əs |
man
|
house-
el
|
out-go-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘The man went out of the house.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
pуlgǝ=
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Sǝmiǝn |
nimǝ-ɣаt |
pulgǝ-č |
pn
|
house-
abl
|
come_out-
intr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien went out of the house.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å gå ut
Valency pattern:
SBJ_av
|
X: SBJ |
Y: av |
Locus: Y |
Per |
gikk |
ut |
av |
hus-et |
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
of
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
‘Per went out of the house.’ |
Polish
wyjść
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: zGEN |
Locus: Y |
Andrzej |
wyszed-ł |
z |
dom-u |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out:
pfv
\
m
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Andrzej went out of the house.’ |
Russian
vyjti
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: izGEN |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
vyše-l |
iz |
dom-a |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
Serbian
izaći
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: izGEN |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
je |
izaša-o |
iz |
kuć-e |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
go.out-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petar went out of the house.’ |
Shughni
nax̌tīdow
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
Azim |
as |
čīd |
nax̌tūy-d |
pn
|
el
|
house
|
go.out-
pst
|
‘Azim went out of the house.’ |
Skolt Saami
mõõnnâd
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Peâtt |
mõõn-i |
põõrt-âst |
meädda |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
go-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
sg
.
loc
|
away
|
‘Pete went out of the house.’ |
Slovak
vyjsť
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: zGEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
vyšie-l |
z |
dom-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_out(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Slovenian
izstopiti
Valency pattern:
NOM_izGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: izGEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
je |
izstopi-l |
iz |
hiš-e |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
go_out:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Peter went out of the house.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
çûne der
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Hîwa |
le |
maɫ-eke |
çûw-Ø-e |
der-ê |
pn
|
from
|
house-
def
|
go.
pst
-3
sg
-to
|
out-
loc
|
‘Hiwa went out of the house.’ |
Spanish
salir
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
sali-ó |
de |
casa |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
go_out-
aor
.3
sg
|
from
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro went out of the house.’ |
Swedish
att gå ut
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ur
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ur |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
gick |
ut |
ur |
hus-et |
pn
|
go.
pst
|
out
|
out_of
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
‘Björn went out of the house.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (ut is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
L<um>abas |
si |
Pedro |
ng |
bahay |
<
av
>
pfv
.went
|
out
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
gen
house
|
‘Pedro went out of the house.’ |
Telugu
veḷḷu
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
pravīṇ |
iṁṭi-nuṁci |
bayaṭi-ki |
veḷḷāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
house(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
abl
|
outdoors(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
go.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen went out of the house.’ |
Turkish
çıkmak
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
ev-den |
çık-tı |
pn
|
house-
abl
|
exit-
pst
|
‘Mehmet went out of the house.’ |
Ulcha
ńə̄-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
xusə |
piktə |
xagdu-ǯi |
ńə̄-xə-ni |
male
|
child
|
house-
ins
|
go_out-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘The boy went out of the house.’ |
Uzbek
čiqmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
uy-dan |
čiq-ti |
pn
|
house-
abl
|
go_out-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja went out of the house.’ |
West Central Oromo
gadi baʔa
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
obsaa-n |
manaa |
gadi=baʔ-e |
pn
-
nom
|
house.
abl
|
down=go_out-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
‘Obsa went out of thehouse.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-uʔ.on
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: IN.EL |
Locus: Y |
ali |
w-uʔ.on |
iʃu-kːu |
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
m
-go.
pst
(
aor
)
|
home.
in
-
el
|
‘Ali went out of the house.’ |