BivalTyp

‘get to know’

Argument frame: X (get to know) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. got to know M. a year ago.
Predicate label Ru: знакомиться
Argument frame Ru: X (знакомиться) с Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. познакомился с М. год тому назад.

Abaza [aba-]dər

Valency pattern: ABS_SOC
X: ABS
Y: SOC
Locus: Y
fatíma murád c̣əpχ d-j-aba-də́r-d
pn pn last_year 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . io - soc -know( aor )- dcl
‘Fatima got to know Murad a year ago.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) neʔʷase fe-χʷə

Valency pattern: ABS_BEN
X: ABS
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
jəλes ə-pe-č̣ʼe pŝaŝe-r č̣ʼale-m neʔʷase fe-χʷə-ʁ
year 3 pl . pr -before- ins girl- abs guy- obl acquainted ben -become- pst
‘The girl got to know the guy a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Aghul taniš-x.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_COM
X: ABS
Y: COM
Locus: Y
aslan meʜemed.i-qaj taniš-x.u-ne sa is.a-n üdüh-tːi
pn pn - com get.acquainted-become. pf - aor one year- gen ahead- lat
‘Aslan got to know Muhammad a year ago.’

Akhvakh (Northern) ɬe-qqwe buxuruƛa

Valency pattern: POSS_COM
X: POSS
Y: COM
Locus: XY
pataħi-ƛƛi musa-k’ena ɬe-qqwe reše ssigi b-ux-ari
pn - gen pn - com acquaintance year in_front n -fall- aor
‘Patahi got to know Musa a year ago.’

Andi (Zilo) ts’inn.i j-iʁ.i

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<j>o sːobɡu ts’inn.i j-iʁ.i marjam
pn - aff < f > a_year_ago know. pst ( aor ) f -stop. pst ( aor ) pn [ f ][ nom ]
‘Patimat met Mariam a year ago.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) ˁǝġaf

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Abrahām ˁǝġaf-a l-Maryam qabǝl sana
pn know. pf .3 ms - o .3 fs to- pn before year
‘Abraham got to know Maryam a year ago.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) tʕarraf

Valency pattern: SBJ_3ala
X: SBJ
Y: 3ala
Locus: Y
Aḥmad tʕarraf ʕala Salwa
pn get_to_know. pfv .3 m on pn
‘Ahmad got acquainted with Salwa.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) ʿ.r.f

Valency pattern: SBJ_ala
X: SBJ
Y: ala
Locus: Y
Shadi tʿarraf ʿala Reem
pn be.acquainted. pst .3 m . sg on pn
‘Petter got to know Reem.’

Arabic (standard) taʕarrafa

Valency pattern: NOM_alaaGEN
X: NOM
Y: alaaGEN
Locus: Y
Badr-un taʕarrafa ʕalā Maryam-a
pn - nom be_acquainted. pf .3 m on pn - gen
‘Badr got to know Maryam.’

Archi sini

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s moħommad sin i<w>tːi šʷaˁš
pn - dat pn know <1>become. pfv last.year
‘Pasha got to know Muhammad a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (stative).

Armenian (Eastern) canot’anal

Valency pattern: NOM_DAThet
X: NOM
Y: DAThet
Locus: Y
Petros-ə Mher-i het canot’ac’el+ē mek tari aŕaĵ
pn [ nom ]- def pn - dat with get_acquainted: prf :3 sg one year[ nom ] before
‘Petros got to know Mher a year ago.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +yaṭṭə

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
+Ašur kam-+yahə-la baxt-u tre šənnə kam hadiyya
pn prf -know. prs - ls .3 f woman( f )- p .3 m two year( f ). pl before now
‘Ashur got to know his wife two years ago.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. +yahə is a dialect variant of the verb stem +yaṭṭə.

Avar ɬajqwaj habize

Valency pattern: ERG_GENgun
X: ERG
Y: GENgun
Locus: Y
ʕali-ca aħmad-il gun ɬa-j-qwa-j ha-b-una co son-aɬ cebe
pn - erg pn - gen with know- msd -scratch- msd do- n - aor one year- erg before.n
‘Ali got to know Ahmad a year ago.’

Azerbaijani tanış olmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_ile
X: NOM
Y: ile
Locus: Y
Aslan Rǝsul-la bir il bu-ndan ǝvvǝl tanış ol-ub
pn pn -with one year this- abl before known be(come)- perf (3)
‘Aslan got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The suffix "-la" is a contracted form of the postposition "ilǝ".

Bafut ʒí

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à kɨ̀ ʒí sùù á ǹdᵼ̀m lòò jìmfùrᵼ̀
pn sm p 2 know pn at back/ prep year one
‘Ambe got to know Suh a year ago.’

Bambara dɔ́n

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye Fántà dɔ́n sálòn
pn pfv . tr pn know last.year
‘Seku got to know Fanta last year.’

Bartangi

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Ahmed Abdullo=qati yi sol tar piro balad su-d
pn pn = com one year eq ahead familiar go. m - pst
‘Ahmed got to know Abdullo a year ago.’

Belarusian paznajomicca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś paznajomi-ŭ-sia z Alien-aj hod tamu
pn [ nom . sg ] make_acquainted( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl with pn - ins . sg year[ acc . sg ] that. dat . sg
‘Ales got to know Alena a year ago.’

Budugh tanış yıxhar

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
aslan şeşe rosul-uzun tanış saxha-ci
pn the_year_before pn - com known m .be. pfv - prf
‘Aslan got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Bulgarian zapoznaya se

Valency pattern: SBJ_s
X: SBJ
Y: s
Locus: Y
Petăr se zapozna s Mihail predi edn-a godina
pn refl get_to_know( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn in_front one- f . sg year
‘Petar got to know Mihail a year ago.’

Catalan conèixer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va conèix-er en Marc fa un any
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind know- inf def . sg . m pn ( m ) ago indf . sg . m year( m )
‘Pere got to know Marc a year ago.’

Chechen AGR-ouza

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-ana Nadir sho hwalxa v-ouzi-na
pn - dat pn . abs year. abs early v -meet- prf
‘Islam got to know Nadir a year ago.’

Chinese (Mandarin) jiéshí

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
yì nián qián Zhāngsān jiéshí le Lǐsì
one year ago pn get_to_know pfv pn
‘A year ago, Zhangsan got to know Lisi.’

Chirag ha-b-aχi

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ʡa̰li-l-i rasul irig ha-w-aχ-ur
pn - obl - super pn ( abs ) last.year up - m . sg -know: pf - aor .3
‘Ali got to know Rasul last year.

Croatian upoznati se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se upozna-o s Miš-om prije godin-u dan-a
pn - nom . sg refl get.to.know( pfv )- part . perf . m . sg with pn - ins . sg before year- acc . sg day- gen . pl
‘Pero got to know Mišo a year ago.’

Czech seznámit se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Petr se seznámi-l s Michal-em před rok-em
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc get_to_know( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] with pn ( m )- ins . sg before year( m )- ins . sg
‘Petr got to know Michal a year ago.’

Danish lære at kende

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter lær-te Marie at kende for et år siden
pn learn- pst pn to know. inf for indf . sg year( n ) ago
‘Peter got to know Marie a year ago.’

Dargwa (Itsari) taˤniš-B-ih-araj

Valency pattern: ABS_COM
X: ABS
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Islam Nadir-ri-cːilli ca dusː sar taˤniš-ih-ub
pn ( abs ) pn - obl - com one year( abs ) before acquaintance-( m ) lv . pfv - aor
‘Islam got to know Nadir a year ago.’

Dargwa (Kadar) CL-ah-es / CL-al-es

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
meħamad-li=ra ʡaˤšura-li=ra ca-li ca b-ah-u-wa dus b-ik-ib
pn - erg = add pn - erg = add one- erg one hpl -know. pfv - prs - cvb year n -fall. pfv - pret
‘Muhammad and Ashura got to know each other a year ago.’
Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP.

Dargwa (Kaytag) varhara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
Petja-l Miša v-arh-ul-di ca dus sar
pn - erg pn m -know. ipf - prog . cvb - pst one year before
‘Petja got to know Misha a year ago.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
gal-i dene či-ulħ-in
boy- dat neighbor up-(m)know. pfv -3. aor
‘The boy got to know his neighbour.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) zu b-aχ-iz/b-alχ-iz

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
uršːi-li-z unra-la zu b-aχ-ur
boy- obl - dat neighbor- gen name n -know. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy got to know his neighbor.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Dargwa (Tsugni) taˤniš b-iχʷ-i / b-irχʷ-i

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
durħaˤ zumra-cːala taˤniš w-iχ-ub
boy neighbor- com familiar m -be. ipfv - pret
‘The boy got to know his neighbor a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dutch kennismaken

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
Piet heeft een jaar geleden met Marie kennis-ge-maak-t
pn (С) have.3 sg art . indf year( n ) ago with pn (С) knowledge- ptcp -make- ptcp
‘Piet got to know Marie a year ago.’

Enets (Forest) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛ-da ejbuj pɔ-xan dʲazee-zaʃ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg woman- obl . sg .3 sg last_year year- loc . sg встретить-3 sg . so sg. pst
‘My friend met his wife last year’.
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

English get to know

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter got to know Mary a year ago.

Estonian tutvuma

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peeter tutvu-s Mareti-ga aasta tagasi
pn . sg . nom get_to_know- pst .3 sg pn - com year back
‘Peeter got to know Maret a year ago.’

Finnish tutustua

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pekka tutustu-i Matti-in vuosi sitten
pn . nom get.to.know- pst .3 sg pn - ill year. nom ago
‘Pekka got to know Matti a year ago.’

French faire la connaissance

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Paul a fait la connaissance de Marie il y a un an
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg make. pst . ptcp . m def . sg . f knowledge( f ) of pn ( f ) it there have. prs .3 sg one. sg . m year( m )
‘Paul got to know Marie a year ago.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Gascon a hèit conseishança

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
hèi un an, Pau a hèit conseishança de Maria
it.has.been one. m . sg year pn have. prs .3 sg make. pst . ptcp knowledge of pn
‘Pau got to know Maria a year ago.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Gban dɔ̀

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zá̰ ɛ́ Mɔ̰̈bì dɔ̈, ȁ vèkwɛ̋ dò ∅-lí yȅ
pn 3 sg \ pst pn know\ pfv . preh s/he/it year one 3 sg - foc here
‘Zan got to know Monbi a year ago.’

Georgian ga-Ø-i-cn-ob-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
p'et're-m mašo-Ø ert-i c'l-is c'in ga-Ø-i-cn-o
pn - erg pn - nom one- obl year- gen ahead prv :outward- do 3- ver : s -know- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre got to know Masho a year ago.’

German kennenlernen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl lern-te Marie vor ein-em Jahr kenn-en
pn [ nom . sg ] learn- pst .3 sg pn [ acc . sg ] in.front one- n . dat . sg year[ dat . sg ] know- inf
‘Karl got to know Marie a year ago.’

Hebrew (modern) hikir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas hikir et Menaχem lifnej ʃaa
pn know[ pst .3 sg . m ] do pn ago year
‘Pinchas got to know Menachem a year ago.’

Hindi milnā

Valency pattern: DIR_ABL
X: DIR
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pratīk Mohan se ek sāl pahle mil-ā
pn ( m ). sg . dir pn ( m ). sg . obl abl one year( m ). sg . obl before meet. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek met Mohan one year ago.’

Indonesian (standard) ber-kenal-an

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan
X: SBJ
Y: dengan
Locus: Y
Asep ber-kenal-an dengan Dewi se-tahun yang lalu
pn ber -familiar- nmlz with pn one-year rel pass
‘Asep got to know Dewi a year ago.’

Irish buail

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Do=bhuail Pól le Máire bliain ó shin.
pst =meet pn with pn year ago ago
‘Pól got to know Máire a year ago.’

Italian conoscere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha conosciuto Maria un ann-o fa
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs know_someone. pst . ptcp pn ( f ) indf . sg . m year- sg . m ago
‘Leo got to know Maria a year ago.’

Karata ɬaj-qwaj boƛaɬa

Valency pattern: POSS_COM
X: POSS
Y: COM
Locus: XY
ʕali-b aħmat’-i-k’el ɬaj-qwaj b-oƛ-e rešin ssigi
pn - n pn - obl - com acquaintance n -happen- pf year before
‘Ali got to know Ahmat a year ago.’

Kazakh tanïs

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-men bіr žïl burïn tanï-s-tï
pn pn - ins one year ago get_acquainted- rec - pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya got to know Masha a year ago.’

Khanty (Kazym) wǫjtantti

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpila
X: NOM
Y: NOMpila
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en maša-j-ǝλ piλ-a tǫńaλ oλ wǫjtant-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .3 sg with- dat last_year year meet- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja got to know Maša last year.’

Khoekhoe ǂan

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge Maria-s-a ǁari go ǂan
pn -3 m . sg decl pn -3 f . sg - obl yesterday rpst know
‘Peter got to know Maria yesterday.’

Khwarshi halmaʁłi l-uwa

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
šamil-i patimate-ł halmaʁłi l-u-na
pn - erg pn - inter friendship( iv ) iv -make- pst . u
‘Shamil made friends with Fatima.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Komi-Permyak тöдсасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя тӧдсас-и-с Маша-кӧт мöйму
pn знакомиться- prt -3 pn - com в_прошлом_году
‘Петя познакомился с Машей в прошлом году.’

Komi-Zyrian te̮dmaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a te̮dmaś-i-s Maša-ke̮d vo saj-i̮n
pn get_to_know- pret -3 pn - com year back- ine
‘Petja got to know Masha a year ago.’

Kpelle (Guinean) kɔ́lɔŋ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pépèe àá Hèhee kɔ́lɔŋ
pn 3 sg . prf pn know
‘Pepee got to know Hehee.’

Kryz (Alik) vats'ara xhiyic

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
terlan-iz rasul sad san ʕuran ats'ara xhica
pn - dat pn one. n year before know. cvb be. pfv . perf . m
‘Terlan got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (Ismayilli) taniş xhayic

Valency pattern: NOM_INESS.INS
X: NOM
Y: INESS.INS
Locus: Y
aslan rasul-a q'ina sad san lu-car ʕuran taniş xhay-ce
pn pn - iness ins one. n year this- abl before known be. pf - perf . m
‘Aslan got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (proper) taniş xhiyic

Valency pattern: NOM_GENqan
X: NOM
Y: GENqan
Locus: Y
aslan rasul-q'an sad san u-c-var ʕuran taniş xhi-ci
pn pn -with one. n year this- obl - adel before known be. pf - perf . m
‘Aslan got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kumyk tanɨš bolmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMbulan
X: NOM
Y: NOMbulan
Locus: Y
basir musa bulan bir jɨl al-da tanɨ-š bol-ʁan
pn pn with one year front- loc (known)- rec be- pf
‘Basir got to know Musa a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurdish (Sorani) aʂina bûn

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_legel
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: legel
Locus: Y
Hîwa parekane legeɫ Perî-î aʂina bû-Ø
pn last.year with pn - obl familiar be. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa got to know Pari a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) nas kirin (tr)

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zilam ber-ê sal-ek-î jin nas kir
man before- ez . m year- indef - obl . m woman acquainted do. pfv . sg
‘The man got acquainted with the woman a year ago.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Maħammad-u-n k’ul xu-nd-i Aˁšura ca šina-l хːičʼ
pn - obl - dat know become- aor -3 p pn one year. obl - gen before
‘Mohammad got to know Ashura a year ago.’

Latin cognosco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Hortensi-us) acer et non tal-is qual-em tu eum cogno-v-isti
pn ( m )- nom . sg energetic. nom . sg . m and not such- nom . sg which- acc . sg you. nom this. acc . sg . m get_acquainted- prf - ind . act .2 sg
‘(Hortensius) was full of energy and not such as you saw him when you first met him.’
Note: (Cic. Brutus. 317)

Laz o-čin-(ob)-u

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
Käzim-i-k Fatma-Ø goc'os k-Ø-i-čin-u
pn - b - erg pn - nom last_year aff - do 3- ver : s -know- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim got to know Fatma last year.’

Lezgian (Yargun) taniş jen

Valency pattern: NOM_SUB/POSTgalaz
X: NOM
Y: SUB/POSTgalaz
Locus: Y
Sahib Eldar-a galaz sa yis id-laa vilik taniș xhii-d-ya
pn pn - obl ( sub / post ) with one year this. obl - supel before known become. aop - sbst - cop
‎‎‎'Sahib got to know Eldar a year ago.’

Macedonian se zapoznae

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Petar se zapozna so Maja pred edna godina
pn refl get_to_know( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn before one. f . sg year( f ). sg
‘Petar got to know Maja a year ago.’

Maltese sar jaf

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ġwanni sar jaf lil Mark
pn come. pf . m .3 sg know. ipf . m .3 sg to pn
‘Ġwanni got to know Mark.’
Note: The preposition “lil” is not obligatory with this verb. This is an example of the DOM system.

Maninka (Eastern) lɔ́n

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù kà Fántà lɔ́n sáròn nè.
pn aor . tr pn know last.year foc
‘Seku made Fanta's acquaintance last year.’

Mano dɔ̄

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ē ŋ̄ dɔ̄
3 sg . pst 1 sg know
‘S/he got to know me.’

Mansi (Northern) rumalaxtas

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
am rumalaxt-as-um jēn’a jot
1 sg befriend- pst -1 sg pn com
‘I recently made friends with Eugene.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Mehweb -ahas

Valency pattern: CONT.LAT_NOM
X: CONT.LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pajzula-li-ze Musa w-ah-ur dus-la ha-w-le
pn - obl - cont ( lat ) pn m -know: pfv - aor year- gen before- m - advz
‘Pajzula got to know Musa a year ago.’

Mingrelian g-Ø-i-čin-eb-apu-an-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
art c'ana-š uk'ul čelo-k anučia-Ø g-Ø-i-čin-eb-ap-u
one year- gen behind pn - erg pn - nom prv - do 3- ver : s -recognize- r . ext - aug - s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo got to know Anuchia.’

Nanai takoali-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petia Maša-ǯi tako-a-le-xa-ni əm ajŋane-ndo bi
pn pn - ins know- intr - pfv - pst - p .3 sg one year- dat be. npst
‘Petia got to know Masha a year ago.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å bli kjent

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per ble kjent med Ola for et år siden
pn become. pst acquainted with pn for one. n year since
‘Per got to know Ola a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Oromo (West Central) wal bara

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n boontuu waddʒin waggaa tokko dura wal bar-e
pn - nom pn . abs with year one before each_other learn-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa got to know Bontu a year ago.’

Persian āšnā šodan

Valency pattern: NOM_baNOM
X: NOM
Y: baNOM
Locus: Y
ahmad bā mariam yek sāl pīš āšnā šod
pn with pn one year past acquainted become. pst .3 sg
‘Ahmad got to know Mariam a year ago.’

Polish zapoznać się

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Józef zapozna-ł się z Adam-em rok temu
pn [ nom . sg ] get_to_know: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] refl with pn - ins . sg year that. n . dat . sg
‘Józef got to know Adam a year ago.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) conhecer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro conhec-eu Miguel um ano atrás
pn ( m ) know_someone-3 sg . pst pn ( m ) indf year( m ) ago
‘Pedro got to know Miguel a year ago.’

Romani (Kalderash) znakomilpe

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
o Murš-a znakomi-sajl-o la Marijk-asa
art . m . dir . sg pn . nom . sg get_to_know- pst . refl -3 sg . m art . f . obl . sg pn - ins . sg
‘Murša got to know Marijka.’

Romanian a se întâlni

Valency pattern: NOM_cu
X: NOM
Y: cu
Locus: Y
Petru s-a întâlnit cu Maria cu un an în urm-ă
pn refl - aux .3 sg meet. pst . ptcp with pn with one year in trace- indf . dir
‘Petru got to know Maria a year ago.’

Russian poznakomitʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Pet-ja poznakomi-l-sja s Maš-ej god tomu nazad
pn ( m )- nom . sg introduce( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg year( m )[ acc . sg ] that. dat . sg ago
‘Petja got to know Maša a year ago.’

Rutul (Kina) tanɨš jišid

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
rasul ramazan-ɨ-kan sa sen xura gi-na tanɨš jiši-d
pn ( nom ) pn - obl - com one year in.front sub .be- cvb acquainted 1.become. pfv - attr
‘Rasul got to know Ramazan a year ago.’

Rutul (Mukhad) tanıš dišin

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
murad q'urban-ı-xvan sen ulixde tanıš jiši-ri
pn pn - obl - com year at_the_front acquainted m .be. pf - aor
‘Murad got to know Kurban a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
mırad rasul-u-xhvan sen mi-i-la ulixhda taniş yişi-ri
pn pn - obl - com year this- super - el before known m .be. pf - aor
‘Murad got to know Rasul a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Shin-Borch) tanış yişin

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
murad natig-ı-xhvan sa sen gabağ-a tanış yişi-r i
pn pn - obl - com one year front- in known m .be. pf - seq ( m ) cop
‘Murad got to know Natig a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Shinaz) tanɨš h-iši-n

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
basir tanɨš h-iši-d karam-ɨxvan sa sen xurgin
pn known m -be. pf - attr pn - com one year before
‘Basir got to know Karam a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate

Saami (Skolt) tobdstõõttâd

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peâtt tobdst-õõđ-i Määrja-in õhtt eeʹǩǩ mââiårra
pn . sg . nom get.to.know- refl - pst .3 sg pn - sg . com one year. sg . nom ago
‘Pete got to know Maria a year ago.’

Sagada beq’a

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Pari-n maħmud-en b-eq’-ii ƛeba adax
pn - add pn - add hpl -know- pst . w year. obl before
‘Pari and Mahmud got acquainted a year ago.’
Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP.

Serbian upoznati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je upozna-o Marij-u pre godin-u dan-a
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg get.to.know- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg in.front year- acc . sg day- gen . pl
‘Petar got to know Maria a year ago.’

Shughni balad sitow

Valency pattern: NOM.NO.CL_INS
X: NOM.NO.CL
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Ahmed Saida=qati yi sol tar piro balad sut
pn pn = ins one year eq ahead familiar go. m . pst
‘Ahmed got to know Saida a year ago.’

Slovak spoznať

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter spozna-l Mark-a pred rok-om
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] get_to_know( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( m )- acc . sg before year( m )- ins . sg
‘Peter got to know Marek a year ago.’

Slovenian spoznati se

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Peter se je lani spozna-l s Pavl-om
pn [ nom . sg ] rfl aux .3 sg year_ago learn: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] with pn - ins . sg
‘Peter got to know Pavel a year ago.’

Spanish conocer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro conoci-ó a María hac-e un año
pn [ sg . m ] know- aor .3 sg dir . obj . anm pn [ sg . f ] make- prs .3 sg art . ndef . sg . m year[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro got to know Maria a year ago.’

Svan a-Ø-tir-n-e (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
maizer-d gegi-Ø ešxu zäj-ä sgwebin a-Ø-tir
pn - erg pn - nom one year- gen ahead prv : dist - do 3-know
‘Maizer got to know Gegi a year ago.’

Swedish att lära känna

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn lär-de känn-a Maja för ett år sedan
pn learn- pst know- inf pn for one year since
‘Björn got to know Maja a year ago.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.DIR
X: ABS
Y: POST.DIR
Locus: Y
maˁhaˁmad fatima.ji-q-ǯi taniš ʁa-x-nu
pn ( abs ) pn - post - dir acquaintance pf -( h . sg )become- pst
‘Mahamad got to know Fatima.’

Tagalog makilala

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
na-kilala ni Pedro si Miguel
pot . pfv . pv -know pers . gen pn pers . subj pn
‘Pedro got to know Miguel.’
Note: Verbal predicate.

Telugu telusukōnu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLgurinci
X: NOM
Y: OBLgurinci
Locus: Y
pravīṇ maheṣ guriṁci saṁvatsaramu mundu telusukunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom pn ( m ). sg . obl about year( n ). sg . obl before get_to_know. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen got to know Mahesh a year ago.’

Tsakhur tanıšхhay

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
murad rasul-u-kva sa sen-na heqha tanıš-хha
pn pn - obl - com one year- h before know- aux . pf
‘Murad got to know Rasul a year ago.’

Tswana tlwaelana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
ke-tlwaelan-e le-mo-nna wa-gagwe
s i :1 sg -get.acquainted- fv com - sg -man(1) cl1. gen -cl1. pro
‘I got acquainted with her husband.’

Turkish tanışmak

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-le bir yıl önce tanış-tı
pn pn - com one year before get_acquainted- pst
‘Mehmet got to know Filiz a year ago.’

Turoyo oḏəʕ

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_DO.LS
X: SBJ.SS
Y: DO.LS
Locus: Y
meqəm me šato Gabriyel aḏəʕ Yuḥanən
before from year( f ) pn know. pfv .3 m pn
‘A year ago, Gabriyel got to know Yuḥanən.’

Twi hunu

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kofi hunu-u nana bεyε afe
pn see- pst grandfather ago year
‘Kofi got to know grandfather a year ago.’

Udi tanış bakes

Valency pattern: ABS_ABL
X: ABS
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Valod sa usen běš=e Anya-xun tanış bak-e
pn one year behind=3 sg pn - abl get_acquiainted become- perf
‘Volodja got to know Anya a year ago.’

Udmurt todmatski̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a Miša-jen todmatsk-iz
pn . nom pn - ins get_to_know- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got to know Misha.’

Ukrainian poznajomytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o poznajomy-v-sja z Marij-eju rik t-omu
pn ( m )- nom . sg get_to_know( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg year( m )[ acc . sg ] that- n . dat . sg
‘Petro got to know Mariya a year ago.’

Ulcha ičə-

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
bi əj piktə-wə tiŋi ańan-du ičə-xəm-bi
i this child- acc last year- dat see- pst -1 sg
‘I got to know (lit. saw) this child last year.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Uzbek tanišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan bir yil burun tan-iš-ti
pn pn with one year ago meet- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja got to know Maša a year ago.’

Wolof xamante

Valency pattern: SBJ_ak
X: SBJ
Y: ak
Locus: Y
Omar dafa xam-ante ak Musaa
pn f oc v .s i :3 sg know- recp with pn
‘Omar got acquainted with Musaa.’

Yukaghir (Northern) nˈikurilˈī=

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn Əkulˈǝ-nˈǝŋ nˈi-kurulˈī-n-а̄-j-uo-l-pǝ-gi sukunmolˈɣаl ū-či-č
pn pn - com recp -know- ipf - inch - pf - stat - nlzr - pl - poss .3 year pass- lim - intr .3 sg
‘Semien got to know Akulina a year ago.’
Note: Lit. ‘One year has passed since X’s getting acquainted with Y.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
oxɨr-i ʒulijɛtə sɛrr-e=ra vɛr nas.kɛrd-ə
pn - m . obl pn year- indf =from front get.to.know. pst -3 sg . f
‘Oxir got to know Juliette a year ago.’