BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘fry’

Argument frame: X (fry) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. fried the fish .
Predicate label Ru: жарить
Argument frame Ru: X (жарить) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. пожарил рыбу .

Abaza rə.ʒə

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-qác̣a a-pslaĉá j-rə́-ʒ-ṭ
def -man def -fish 3 sg . m . erg - caus -fry- dcl
‘The man fried the fish.’

Adyghe ʁe.ẑe

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
č̣ʼale-m pagʷe-r ə-ʁe-ẑa-ʁ
парень- obl рыба- abs 3 sg . erg - caus -жарить- pst
‘Парень пожарил рыбу.’

Aghul žarit’ q’.u-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aslan.a baluʁ žarit’ q’.u-ne
pn ( erg ) fish <fry> do. pf - aor
‘Aslan fried the fish.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic kalə

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
sava kuli-lə nuyna
old. m fry(tr). pst - ls .3 m fish( f )
‘The oldman fried the fish.’

Bambara jíran

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye jɛ́gɛ` jíran
pn pfv . tr fish\ art fry
‘Seku fried a fish.’

Brazilian Portuguese cozinhar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro cozinh-ou o peixe
pn ( m ) cook-3 sg . pst def . m fish( m )
‘Pedro cooked the fish.’

Catalan fregir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va freg-ir peix
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind fry- inf fish( m )
‘Pere fried the fish.’

Czech osmažit

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr osmaži-l ryb-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] fry( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] fish( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr fried the fish.’

Danish stege

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter steg-te fisk-en
pn fry- pst fish( c )- def . sg
‘Peter fried the fish.’

Dutch bakken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de vis ge-bakk-en
pn (С) have.3 sg art . def . c fish( c ) ptcp -fry- ptcp
‘Piet fried the fish.’

Eastern Maninka jèni

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù kà jɛ́ɛ` jèni túlu` lá.
pn aor . tr fish\ art burn oil\ art at
‘Seku fried a fish.’

English fry

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter fried the fish.

Estonian küpsetama

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter küpseta-s kala
pn . sg . nom fry- pst .3 sg fish. sg . part
‘Peeter fried the fish.’

Finnish paistaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka paist-oi kala-n
pn . nom fry- pst .3 sg fish- gen
‘Pekka fried the fish.’

Forest Enets dʲasi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ kare dʲasie
i man- nom . sg .1 sg fish fry_on_stick( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend fried fish’.

French faire frire

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a fait frire le poisson
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg make. pst . ptcp . m fry. inf def . sg . m fish( m )
‘Paul fried the fish.’

Georgian še-Ø-c'v-av-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
p'et're-m tevz-i še-Ø-c'v-a
pn - erg fish- nom prv :inward- do 3-burn- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre fried the fish.’

German braten

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl brät den Fisch
pn [ nom . sg ] fry. prs .3 sg def . m . acc . sg fish[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl is frying the fish.’

Irish róst

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Róst Pól iasc.
fry( pst ) pn fish
‘Pól fried the fish.’

Italian friggere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha fritto il pesc-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs fry. pst . ptcp def . sg . m fish- sg . m
‘Leo fried the fish.’

Kalderash Romani pekəl

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
o Murš-a pek-ľ-a maś-o
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg fry- pst -3 sg fish- acc . sg
‘Murša fried the fish.’

Kazakh quwïr

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya balïq quwïr-dï
pn fish fry- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya fried the fish.’

Kazym Khanty šarǝti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en χǔλ šarǝt-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg fish fry- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja fried the fish.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
išat'-i išajna čuʕa
мать. o - erg жарить\ pst . w рыба( iii )
‘Мать пожарила рыбу.’

Kina Rutul wiǯira

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
rasul-a baluʁ w-iǯi-r=a
pn - erg fish( nom ) 3-fry. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul fried the fish.’

Latin frigo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
horde-um poster-o di-e frig-unt
barley( n )- acc . sg next- abl . sg . m day( m )- abl . sg fry[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘They roast the barley the day after.’
Note: (Plin. NH 18, 72)

Mandarin Chinese zhà

Valency pattern: SUB_ba
X: SBJ
Y: ba
Locus: Y
Zhāngsān bǎ yú zhà le
pn ba fish fry pfv
‘Zhangsan fried the fish.’
Note: The status of the "bǎ"-construction is controversial.

Mingrelian do-Ø-č'-un-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
čelo-k čxom-(i) do-Ø-č'-u.
pn - erg fish- nom prv - do 3-fry- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo fried the fish.’

Modern Hebrew tigen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas tigen et ha dag
pn fry[ pst .3 sg . m ] do def fish
‘Pinchas fried the fish.’

Nanai čero-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia sogdata-wa čero-xa-ni
pn fish- obl fry- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia fried the fish.’

Nivkh r̥ad

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik cʰо + r̥a-d
pn fish + fry- ind
‘Kaskazik fried the fish.’

Northern Mansi pōnslas

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pājel xūl pōnsl-as
pn fish fry- pst .3 sg
‘Pasha fried the fish.’

Northern Yukaghir hа̄lˈǝs=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn аlˈɣа-lǝ hа̄lˈǝ-s-mǝ-lǝ
pn fish- acc burn- caus - tr - of .3 sg
‘Semien fried the fish.’

Norwegian Bokmål å steke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stek-te fisk-en
pn fry- pst fish- def . m . sg
‘Per fried the fish.’

Polish usmażyć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Adam usmaży-ł ryb-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] fry: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] fish- acc . sg
‘Adam fried the fish.’

Russian požaritʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja požari-l ryb-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg fry( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] fish( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja fried the fish.’

Serbian ispržiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je isprži-o rib-u
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg fry- part . perf . m . sg fish- acc . sg
‘Petar fried the fish.’

Shughni pêxtow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i gūx̌t pêx-t
pn =3 sg meat cook- pst
‘Azim fried the meat.’

Skolt Saami päʹštted

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt paaʹšt-i kueʹl
pn . sg . nom fry- pst .3 sg fish. sg . acc
‘Pete fried the fish.’

Slovak usmažiť

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter usmaži-l ryb-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] fry( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] fish( f )- acc . sg
‘Peter fried the fish.’

Slovenian speči

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je speke-l rib-o
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg fry: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] fish- acc . sg
‘Peter fried the fish.’

Sorani Kurdish sûr kirdinewe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Hemîn masî-eke=î sûr kird-Ø-ewe
pn fish- def =3 sg . pc red do. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hemin fried the fish.’
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense.

Spanish freír

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha frei-do pescado
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg fry- ptcp : prf fish[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro fried the fish.’

Swedish att steka

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn stek-te fisk-en
pn fry- pst fish- def . c . sg
‘Björn fried the fish.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
Pr<in>ito ni Pedro ang isda
< pv > pfv .fry pers . gen pn subj fish
‘Pedro fried the fish.’
Note: Alternative is an AV construction: “Nag-prito si Pedro ng isda” [AV.PFV-fry PERS.SUBJ PN GEN fish] ‘Pedro fried the fish’.

Telugu vēyiṁcu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pravīṇ cēpa-nu vēyiṁcāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom fish( n ). sg . obl - acc fry. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen fried the fish.’

Turkish kızartmak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet balığ-ı kızart-tı
pn fish- acc fry- pst
‘Mehmet fried the fish.’

Ulcha ǯal'ǯači-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
əniə sugdata-wa ǯal'ǯača-xa-n
mother fish- acc roast- pst -3 sg
‘Mother fried the fish.’

Uzbek qovurmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya baliq qovur-di
pn fish fry- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fried the fish.’

West Central Oromo biltʃeessa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
gurbaa-n k'urt'umm-ittʃa biltʃ-eess-e
boy- nom fish- def . abs fry- caus -3 sg . m . pfv
‘The boy fried the fish’

Zilo Andi <b>-eʒ.a

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
pat’imati-di b-eʒ.a χʷammi
pn - erg inan 1-brown. pst ( aor ) fish[ inan 1][ nom ]
‘Patimat fried a fish.’